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THE RECORD SOCIETY
^utlftati'iin of Original Bocumtnts
LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE.
VOLUME XXVII.
■893-
COUNCIL FOR 1892-93.
R. C. CHRISTIE, M.A., late Chancellor of the Diocese of Manchester, RihseUn,
Bagrskot, Surrey, Prbsidbnt.
Thb Hon. and Rsv. G. T. O. BRIDGEMAN, M.A., Hon. Canon of Liverpool, TJU
/fa/i, IVigam^ Vicb-Prbsidbnt.
JAMES CROSTON, F.S.A., U^ton Hall, Prestbury, Maules/ield, Vicb-Prbsidbnt.
LiBUT.-Cou HENRY FISHWICK, F.S.A., The HeighU, Rochdalty Vicb-Prbsidbnt.
Sir henry H. HOWORTH, Knt., M.P., F.S.A., BentcUffe, EccUx, ntar Manchetttr,
Vicb-Prbsidbnt.
W. ALEXANDER ABRAM, 83, AUxandra Road, Blackburn.
G. E. COKAYNE, M.A., F.S.A, Norroy King of Arms. Herald/^CoUege, London, E.C.
Thb Rbv. J. H. STANNING, M.A., Th* Vicarag^e, Leigh, Lancashire.
HENRY TAYLOR, F.S.A., Curt^ Park, Chester.
JOHN PAUL RYLANDS, F.S.A., Heather Lea, CharUsvilU, Birkenhead, Hon.
Trbasurbr.
J. p. EARWAKER, M.A., F.S.A., Pensmm, Abergele, N. H'ales, and so, Portland
Street, Manchester, Hon. Sbcrbtary.
(\reo.i 'S.r.^a^'vu . lLi..-JO^cr
Xancas^tre lag ^nbm'tfm
being an
Examination
of the
Lay Subsidy Rolls
remaining in the
Public i^erorli Office
LONDON
from Henry III. to Charles II,
VOLUME I.
Henry III. to Edward I.
(1216—1307) ^
Edited by
John A. C. Vincent
# . J
PRINTED FOR
The Record Society
1893
STANFORD iJBRAKr
AUG 17 JOSa
? i^.^i^f^
LONDON:
PKINTBD BY WYMAK AND SONS, LIMITED,
GREAT QUEEN STREET, W.C.
• • •
• • «
• • •
Ill
Contents
PAGE
Title
•
1
Contents
• • •
ni
Introduction
V
Index of Names
Ivi
Table of Taxation
lix
Corrections
Ixii
Hantafifj^tre
Hag ^ubfiftlitefii
Henry the Third
I
Edward the First
148
General Index
269
IV
NOTE
The Introduction, having been written since the
General Index was printed off, has a separate
Index of Names
(pp. Ivi-lviii)
Introdu6lion
[T has been suggested to me that in this place use
should be made of Madox's great work ;^ or, as
an alternative, Thomas's slighter history of the
Exchequer.^ This advice I have decided not to
follow, for the space that can be allowed here may, I venture
to think, be better occupied by writing what is in effect
a Postscript, if one had only the courage to call it by its
proper name.
The universal belief that Magna Charta was signed by
king John demands notice, although no other result* than
failure can be expected in attacking a delusion, fostered by
many familiar prints, and taught as an historical fact in our
schools and universities. It would be sheer waste of time
to specify the artists who have treated the subject, or to
inquire what painter or engraver led the way. Sufficient for
the purpose to name two instances, dated 1802 and 1830-
The first, a print which faces page 361 in vol. i. of George
Courtney Lyttleton*s History of England^ 1802, and is called
at foot : — " Magna Charta^ and the Charter of the Forests
signed by King John.'' The king is represented wearing his
crown, seated at a low table covered with a cloth, and in the
* The History and Antiquities of the Exchequer of the Kings of
England^ by Thomas Madox. Second edition. 2 vols. London,
1769, 4to.
* The Ancient Exchequer oj England^ the Trec^ury^ &c., by F. S.
Thomas. London, 1848, 8vo.
' The case is not so absolutely hopeless as it appeared when this was
written, for I find an unexpected ally in Mr. W. J. Hardy, F.S.A., who
has just (Sept. 1893) brought out a handsome volume, entitled " The
Handwriting of the Kings and Queens of England^- and printed by the
Religious Tract Society, 1893, folio. He quite confirms — without, of
course, knowing that I had written, or should write, upon the subject —
my statement by saying that " King John did not — and, what is more
" probably could not — write either * Johannes Rex,' or indeed anything
"else at the foot of the charter of liberties.'*
VI INTRODUCTION
act of using a pen to set his signature to the upper of two^
parchment scrolls beneath his hand. Behind him stand three
mitred bishops, and an armour-clad knight. In rear of these
is the royal pavilion, by the side of which is John's standard,
displaying (one being out of the picture) two only of the
three lions passant gardant borne by him as arms. Other
figures, with a camp seen in the distant background, fill up
the space on either hand ; three (possibly) barons in civilian
dress to the king's right, and to his extreme left, a warrior
alone, his hand lightly resting on his sword. Towards one
end of the table a figure is kneeling, and holding a book laid
upon a cushion. The whole design abounds with the most
glaring anachronisms of costume.
The second is the frontispiece to another History,^ drawn
by H. Corbould. Here, beneath a cloth canopy hitched
round a tree, the king is seated on a raised dais, or platform,
wearing his crown, his left hand resting on a parchment roll,
to which with a pen in the other he is signing his name. His
shield (displaying the three lions of Plantagenet) and battle-
axe are near him on his right ; immediately behind him are
two mitred figures with other (presumably) ecclesiastics, and
in front three mail-clad barons intently watching the process
of signing, with shafts of spears, or lances, in the background,
and a soldier.'
Mr. John Richard Green says : — ^
* A delusion of Matthew Paris, or rather of Roger of Wendover.
There was but one charter. See Blackstone's Introduction ( The Great
Charter)^ xxi.
2 The History of England, by Sir James Mackintosh. London, 1830,
8vo. Published in Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cydopcedia,
' See also the coloured plate, facing page 1 1 1 in the Comic History of
England, by Gilbert Abbott A' Beckett, 1847, 8vo. Here John is seated
with pen in hand writing; a negro page in attendance kneeling and
holding a pewter inkstand with the cover thrown back. Mail-clad
barons all around.
* A Short History of the English People, p. 123, ed. 1874 ; p. 128, ed.
1888. The date of John's Great Charter is made '' 121$, fuly 15,"
instead of June 15, by a marginal note, p. 123 {Short History, Sec), in the
edition of 1874. The same error — " 15th of July' — occurs in the text of
History of the English People, ed. 1877, vol. i. 244 ; but it has been
corrected in the same work, ed. 1881.
INTRODUCTION VU
'* The Great Charter was discussed, agreed to, and signed * in a single
day."
This statement is certainly incorrect, for it leaves out of
account the fact that certain Articles were first settled, and
that upon these the Charter was founded. Even then there
was no signing at all. Indeed there is strong reason for
thinking that John could not write.^ No doubt he found the
advantage of being able to read ; but, as to writing, there
was no necessity whatever for his learning that art. There
were then numerous scribes who did all the writing required ;
and we may well believe that, in common with the great
earls and barons of that day, the king felt an absolute
contempt for those eflfeminate persons, mostly brought up in
religious houses, and untrained to, if not incapable of, arms,
who used writing as a calling, or practised it as an accom-
plishment. Moreover, there is this most undeniable fact.
The earliest signature* ever yet found of any English
sovereign is that of Richard the Second in 1386. Charters
of all the preceding kings of England are in existence, but
diligent and protracted search has failed to find a single
instance of a signature earlier than the one just named.
The known reluctance of John to yield to the barons*
demands, and his dissimulation in assenting to a conference
which was forced upon him by viewing the slender retinue
that adhered, or affected to adhere, to him, while their hearts
were really with the other side ; these at once throw discredit
on the assertion, that articles bristling with contentious
points, and formulated with the avowed intention of curbing,
if not of actually annulling the royal prerogative, could have
been " discussed and agreed to " even in a long summer's
day, and though dealing with a monarch so weak as John
found himself to be at that moment. To take Paris*s
account of the transaction. The barons, having gained the
* In the larger work the sentence reads : " The Great Charter was
discussed and agreed to in a single day."
' See page v. note 3, which has been added since this was in type.
' See " Introductory Notes " to Facsimiles of National Manuscripts
from William the Conqueror to Queen Anne, &c., Part I. Southampton,
1865, folio.
ViU INTRODUCTION
Londoners over to their side, and occupying the city in
great force, were manifestly in a position to dictate what
terms they pleased. The king, sending to them William
Mareschal earl of Pembroke with other trustworthy persons,
said that for the benefit of peace, and for the dignity and
honour of the realm, he would willingly grant to them the
laws and liberties which they demanded. The messengers
were to tell the barons to provide a fit day and place, at which
they could assemble to carry out all their proposals ; and
these appointed for the day, the fifteenth of June, and for
the place, the meadow between Staines and Windsor.
Both parties having arrived on the day appointed
(15 June), they proceeded to draw up certain articles, or
heads of agreement, and to these the king caused his great
seal to be affi^ced. How then can it be pretended that the
" Great Charter " was even discussed in a single day, much
less " agreed to and signed," when the preliminary Articles
had first to be arranged ? Are we to believe that the barons
came on the ground with a skin of parchment written out
and ready for the king's seal without discussion ? The
words of Paris, at least, are clear on this point. What he
says amounts to this. At length therefore when they had
treated thereof with varying fortune {cum inde varia sorte
tractassent\ king John, knowing his weakness as compared
to the barons, granted the laws and liberties required, and
confirmed them by his charter." ^
Now first, what evidence is furnished by the Articles
themselves? It is manifest from an inspection of these that
some time — more, at all events, than " a single day " — was
taken up in their composition. They are seen clearly to have
resulted from discussion, more or less prolonged ; and, above
all, the parchment indicates at this moment — a fact, of which
you can satisfy yourself by going to the British Museum — a
distinct " interval of time " between the writing of one part
and that of another. This is how Blackstone (Introduction
to The Great Otarter, &c. xvi.) writes after giving them care-
ful examination : —
" The articles are written on parchment, ten inches and three-quarters
' Matthai Parisicnsis Chronica Majop-a (ed. Luard), ii. 588, 589.
INTRODUCTION ix
broad, and twenty-one inches and an half in length including the fold
for receiving the label. To this label, which is also of parchment, is
appendant the great seal of king John, of a whitish yellow wax and but
little injured by time. . . . Though the hand is very much alike
throughout the whole, yet it seems to be perceivable, that a few parts of
it were written at some little interval of time from the rest ; particularly
after sections 45 and 46, which compose each of them one short line
not extending the whole breadth of the parchment, the exception nisi
€iliter^ 6r*c.^ is subjoined at the end of them in a more hasty hand, and
connected to them by a kind of angular brace, as if added at the
instance of the king's commissioners upon more mature deliberation."
After the Articles were drawn up and sealed, time had to
be allowed for setting out at length from them the Charter
ivhich must necessarily have been written afresh, if only for
the reason that wherever the word " king " occurred in the
Articles,^ it had to be changed to " we '* in the Charter.
Putting aside for the moment the altered wording, there is
the consideration, that the Articles (forty-nine) are fewer
in number than the clauses (sixty-three) of the Charter ;
and again, their order differs. For example. Article 23 is
Clause II of the Charter ; Article 7 is Clause 16 : and so on.
Here is fresh presumption of thought being required, and of
time demanded for its exercise. Next, it can be shown by
actual contrast, how the terms of the Charter, varying from
those of the Articles, absolutely in themselves prove the fact
of discussion, and discussion guided by ample legal know-
ledge on the barons' side certainly, if not on behalf of the
king himself.
Take the well-known clause Nulli vendemus &c., for com-
parison with the Article as drawn : —
Articles Magna Charta
[30] Nt jus vendaturvel differratur^ [40] Nulli vendemus nulli mga-
vel vetitum sit, him us aut different us rectum aut
justiciam.
That right shall not be sold, or To no one will we sell, to no one
delayed, or denied. will we deny or delay right or justice.
Observe first, how the words are entirely altered, and then,
how much the language is strengthened in the Charter.
Can any sane man pretend that over this one item alone
there was not discussion ?
* Reference may be made to page 3 of this volume, where this altera-
tion is seen.
• The spelling is that of the original, as printed by Blackstone.
X
INTRODUCTION
Revision with consequent rewriting is clear in such cases
as these which are selected for no other reason than that
they are short : —
Articles
[7] Ne aliquis majus servicium
ftuiat de ftodo militis quam inde
debttur.
That no one shall do greater service
from a knight's fee than is due there-
from.
[11] NecUiqua villa amercietur pro
poniibus fadendis ad riparias nisi ubi
de jure aniiquitus esse solebant.
That no town shall be amerced for
making bridges to rivers, save where
of right from old time they were wont
to be.
[28] Ne aliquis ballivus possit ponere
aliquem ad legem simplici loquela sua
sine testibus fidelibus.
That no bailiff shall be able to put
any one to law upon his own simple
plaint without credible witnesses.
[41] Et ui rex amxrveat alienigenas
milites siipendiarios balistarios et
ruttarios et servient es qui veniunt cum
equis et armis ad nocumentum regni.
And that the king shall remove
aliens, knights, etc.^ who come with
horses and arms to the annoyance of
the realm.
Magna Charta
[16] Nullus distringatur ad facien-
dum majus servicium defeodo milttis
nee de alio libero tenemento quam inde
debetur.
No one shall be distrained to do
greater service from a knight's fiee, or
other free tenement, than is due there-
from.
[23] Nee villa nee homo distringa-
tur facere pontes ad riparias nisi qui
ah antique et de jure facere debent.
No town or man shall be distrained
to make bridges to rivers, save those
who ought to do so from old time and
of right.
[38] Nullus ballivus ponat de cetera
aliquem ad legem simplici loquela sua
sine testibusjmelibus ad hoc inductis.
No bailiff henceforth shall put any
one to law upon his own simple plaint
without credible witnesses brought in
therefor.
[51] Et statim post pacis reform-
cuionem amovebimus de regno omnes
alienigenas milites balistarios servient es
stipetidiarios qui venerint cum equis
et armis ad nocumentum regni.
And immediately after the re-
establishment of peace we will remove
from the realm all Aliens, knights, etc, ,
who come with horses and arms to the
annoyance of the realm.
The translations in each instance sufficiently demonstrate
that time must have been consumed in deliberation. There
is no need then to comment on them all, but I would have
you notice in the last quotation, how much more explicit the
clause in the Charter is than the corresponding Article. By
the latter the king is to remove aliens, but the time of doing
so is left indefinite. By the Charter, however, it is laid down
that he shall do this immediately after the conclusion of
peace, that is, at this instant moment. Observe, too, the
" all " iomnes) inserted in the revised version — all without
reservation. He is to have no choice, he is not at liberty to
get rid of some, and to retain others, but the whole lot are
to return, ** bag and baggage," to their native provinces, and
thus rid England of their hateful presence.
INTRODUCTION
XI
This IS not all. The king's movements are of the greatest
importance to this inquiry ; and fortunately they can be
given with great precision from the ** Itinerary," elaborately
worked out by Mr. (afterwards Sir
Thomas) Hardy in his Introduction to
the Patent Rolls of John.^ I extract so
much as is necessary for the purpose in
hand. Here we see that John, who
was at Odiham on Tuesday the 9th of
June, 12 1 5, is found at Windsor from
the following day until Monday the
15th, when he appeared at Runnemead,
whither he must have gone daily up
to and including Tuesday the 23rd of
June. The absence of Runnemead
from the table does not prove, as Sir
Thomas (then Mr.) Hardy has too
hastily assumed, that John remained*
at Windsor on Tuesday (16) and Wed-
nesday (17). We are only justified in
saying that no document was tested^ or
rather, that no teste has been found in
any roll, or record, for either of those
two days. The explanation may be
that the immediate business in hand
was of so important a nature as to over-
ride all ordinary matters. John evidently returned to
Windsor every night, feeling himself safer in the castle there
than in a tent pitched upon a small island near the Thames,
and exposed to the risk of his slender guard being over-
powered by a sudden attack of superior numbers. We have
June-<4.A 121 5.
7 B Winchester
8 M. Winchester
Merton
9 Tu. Odiham
10 W. Windsor
11 Th. Windsor
12 Fr. Windsor
13 Sa. Windsor
14 B Windsor
15 M. Windsor
Runnemead
16 Tu. Windsor
17 W. Windsor
18 Th. Windsor
Runnemead
19 Fr. Runnemead
Windsor
20 Sa. Runnemead
21 B Windsor
Runnemead
22 M. Windsor
Runnemead
23 Tu. Runnemead
Windsor
24 W. Windsor
* Rotuli Litterarum Patentium, London, 1835, folio.
' " He was again at Odiham on the 9th, whence he returned to
Windsor, and continued there until the 1 5th : on that day he met the
barons at Runnemead by appointment, and there sealed the great
charter of English liberty. The King then returned to Windsor, and
remained there until the 18th of June, from which time until the 23d he
was every day both at Windsor and at Runnemead, and did not finally
leave Windsor and its vicinity before the 26th of the same month . . "
\_Rot. Uit. Pat. (Hardy), Introduction, xxix.]
• •
XII INTRODUCTION
the fact^ stated by himself that by the favour of God peace
was made between him and his barons at Runemede near
Stanes on Friday after the feast of Holy Trinity, and that
he took their homages there on the same day.
The writ above-mentioned is dated i8th June which, as it
refers to what took place on the nineteenth, is a manifest
error of the Chancery clerk. On this point Blackstone
remarks* (Introd. xxiii. note) : —
" The chronicle of Dunstaple ' expressly fixes the day of SS. Gervasius
and Protasius, or iq*"* of June, for the day of completing the peace; and
the following writ of the king himself, directed to the leaders of his own
forces, states the peace to have been concluded on the Friday after
Trinity Sunday, which was also the iQ**" of June, though by some over-
sight the writ itself is tested on the i8th ; possibly by the clerk's
mistaking a v for an x {xviij for xxiij), . . ."
He thinks it probable that the several " duplicates " of the
Great Charter— of which one was sent to every county and
also to every diocese — were completed and sealed on Friday
the 19th. This may have been so ; but, with his Itinerary
before us, how is John's daily attendance after that date to
be explained ? At no other time during his entire reign
than those days in June 121 5 is his teste found at Runne-
mead. His persistent presence, day by day, at this place is
intelligible in no other way than that there was yet some-
thing to be done. A plain, bare of human dwellings, and so
lately the scene of his great humiliation, is scarcely the place
for John to choose for the transaction of business other than
that which had compelled his attendance. If the " peace "
mentioned by him meant the sealing of the Articles, there
still remained the work of embodying them in the form of a
charter, and this may well have occupied the interval between
the 19th and 23rd of June.
Rex Stephano Harengod &c. Sciatis quod firma pax facta est per
Dei gratiam inter nos et barones nostras die Veneris proxima post festum
sancte Trinitatis apud Runemed prope Stanes ita quod eorum homagia
eodem die ibidem cepimus. Unde vobis mandamus^ etc. Teste meipso
apud Runemed^ xi'iij die Junij anno regni nostri xvij^. [Patent Roll,
17 John, m. 23, printed in Rymer's Fasdera (new edit.), i. 133]
' The Great Charter and Charter of the Forest, &c. Oxford, 1759, fol.
* See Annates Monastici (ed. Luard),'iii. 43.
INTRODUCTION XIU
Mr. Greeni goes on : —
*' Copies of it [the Great Charter] were made and sent for preserva-
tion to the cathedrals and churches."
He thus makes it appear that the copies were sent to
ecclesiastics only ; whereas they were equally important for
the laity, and went actually to the several sheriffs^ of
counties. How " cathedrals and churches " ? If by " cathe-
dral " be meant the head church of a diocese, what then are
the churches ? Parish churches, or what } There is the
authority of the Annals of Dunstaple^ that one copy was
deposited in some safe place in each diocese. Moreover, for
my part I am quite unable to share Mr. Green's emotion, of
which he writes* in these terms : —
" One copy of it still remains in the British Museum, injured by age
and fire, but with the royal seal still hanging from the brown, shrivelled
parchment. It is impossible to gaze without reverence on the earliest
monument of English freedom which we can see with our own eyes and
touch with our own hands, the great Charter to which from age to age
patriots have looked back as the basis of English liberty."
Scarcely " touch with our own hands," for the parchment
is now protected by glass. What remains seems rather to
excite wonder that so much pains should have been taken to
preserve a document of which scarcely a word is legible.
Again, one's patriotic enthusiasm is apt to be further damped
by accidentally stumbling upon the following passage which
emanates from a competent writer, and seriously affects the
value of the relic : —
" However,* notwithstanding all the care taken by such multiplication
of copies, it is singular that no contemporary copy of King John's
Magna Carta has yet been found. The copy called the Lincoln copy,
from the place wherein it is deposited, is certainly not of so early a date.
The original articles which the barons demanded of the King, and
* History of the English People (ed. 1881), vol. i. 244.
' So Ralph Coggeshall : — Mox igitur forma fiacis in carta est com-
prehensaj ita quod singuli comitatus totius Anglice singulas unius
tenoris haberent cartas, regio sigillo communitas, [ Veterum scriptorum
. . . ampiissima Collectio (Martene & Durand), tom. 5, 876 A.]
^ ^ Et confecte sunt ibidem charte super libertaiibus regni Anglie, et
per singulos episcopatus in tutis locis deposite.^ [Cotton MS, Tiberius
A. 10, f. 14; printed in Annates Monastici (ed. Luard), iii. 43]
* A Short History of the English People, 1874, p. 123.
* Rotuli Chartarum (ed. Hardy), 1837, folio. Introduction, p. ii. note 5.
XIV INTRODUCTION
which constituted the substance of the Great Charter, are deposited in
the British Museum ; a very correct and faithful lithographic copy of
which has been lately made by Mr. Nethercliffe."
Besides, although it is true that John's Charter was the
" basis of English liberty," its subsequent history should be
borne in mind. It is manifest that, after the king's decease,
the prelates and barons, who joined William Mareschal earl
of Pembroke and Cardinal Guala the papal legate in ac-
knowledging his son Henry as John's successor, concurred
alike in the opinion, that the death of one of the contracting
parties put an end to the agreement which had been made.
Hence their anxiety to get his father's Great Charter renewed
in some form during the first days (12 Nov. 12 16) of the
young king's reign. This action is common throughout
English history. Upon the accession of a new sovereign,
the religious houses, and many great persons, proceeded with
the least possible delay to obtain confirmations of their
existing charters and privileges, under the evident belief that
the incoming monarch had power to repudiate, and to annul
at his pleasure, the acts of his predecessor or predecessors,
former kings of England.
The Great Charter which stands at the head of our
Statute-book, and upon which the establishment of our
liberties is really founded, is that passed in the ninth year of
The Great the rcign of Henry the Third (11 Feb. 1224-5). Blackstone
9Hen.III. (Introduction) clearly shows that "the variations between
this and the great charter of king John are very consider-
able ; " and he has set out very carefully in detail the changes
and omissions made. The case is well stated by Sir
Edward * (then Mr.) Creasy ; and as, in addition, he gives a
very high opinion of Blackstone's great work, to which I am
much indebted, I quote his words, in preference to using any
language of my own : —
"The Charter with which our Statute-book commences, and with
which alone the greater part even of professional students are familiar,
is not the original Great Charter of John, but is a copy of it, as con-
firmed by Henry III., with several important modifications and omissions.
* In i860 made Chief Justice of Ceylon. He is best and most widely-
known by his work, entitled " Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World,"
1852, Svt\, of which there are many subsequent editions.
INTRODUCTION XV
Both Charters may be seen at length in the original, in Blackstone's
admirable tract on the Great Charter ; a work far superior to any of his
others in industrious research and sound critical judgment ; and in
which all the preliminary documents and corroborative instruments
connected with Magna Charta, down to its final and peaceful establish-
ment, in the 28th year of Edward I., are chronologically arranged and
compared." [Here in a note] " The only defect of any consequence
in this chef iPceuvre of Blackstone is, that he does not reject with suffi-
cient decision the myth of the Great Charter having been copied from
a lost and found Charter of Henry I." [The Text-book of the Constitu-
tion^ page 6 ; by E. S. Creasy. London, 1848, 8vo.]
The reader may be disposed to think that there is " some-
thing too much" of the Great Charter already in this volume ;
so I will here allow myself only to remind him further that,
dating from the grant of Magna Charta by John to the
final confirmation of Henry's Charter by Edward the First —
from 12 1 5 to 1 301 — three generations of Englishmen arose.
The struggle for liberty passed from sire to son during a
period little short of ninety years. Mr. J. R. Green is alone
among historians in stating that the Great Charter was
agreed to in a single day. Writers of such varying merit
and repute as Carte^ Creasy, Goldsmith^ Hume, Keightley,
LingardyLyttleton, Mackintosh, and Sharon Turner; all agree
that the conference between the king and his barons lasted
for some days.^ They rely upon, and indeed cite, Rymer*s
Foedera (p. xii, note i) for the evidence, of which Mr. Green
could have known nothing. He was equally innocent of
any acquaintance with Blackstone's work, although a know-
ledge of it is absolutely indispensable for any one who
attempts to write upon this matter. However much we may
admire the flowing style of his History of the English People,
it is impossible to close our eyes to the fact that, as to a
capital event of this history, its author, when weighed in the
balance of the Records, is found wanting.
With regard to the exact spot of John's burial (pages i, 2),
in a paper on Worcester Cathedral ^ written by Mr. James Tomb of
Parker, of Oxford — to which he kindly called my attention ^"ngJohn.
— some space is naturally devoted to a description of the
king's monument which now occupies a conspicuous position
* What Matthew Paris wrote has been mentioned above (pp. vii, viii).
* Printed in The Penny Post, September and October, 1887, 8vo.
b
XVI INTRODUCTION
in the central gangway of the choir. The date of the carved
efRgy may be assigned, as I have pointed out elsewhere
(page 2, note), with certainty to the year 1232, when the body
was laid in a new sarcophs^s in presence of his son Henry,
his daughter Alianor, and others. By his will John had
directed that his body should be buried in the church of
S. Mary and S. Wulfstan of Worcester. No apology is,
I am sure, needed for extracting at length Mr. Parker's
interesting remarks (page 262) on this subject : —
•* The author of the * Annals of Worcester ' adds, that he wished to
be buried between the tombs of S. Oswald and S. Wulfstan, in accord-
ance with Merlin's prophecy, * He shall be placed amid the Saints.'
Not only was his tomb placed in front of the high altar, so that the
tombs of those saints would be on either side of his, but on his effigy,
possibly by his own express desire, or if not by the order of his executors
in fulfilling what they conceived to be his wishes, the figures of these
two Bishops and Saints were sculptured on either side of his head. It
has been supposed that the sculptor has attempted a portrait of the
king. He is represented as habited in a thickly-plaited robe, perhaps
copied from that in which, as narrated, his body was brought to
Worcester, and it appears to have been represented of crimson colour
with gold ornaments. The coronet (which was inscribed Johannes
Rex Anglise), the sword, the boots, and the lion at his feet, have
evidently all been originally gilt, though the material is Purbeck marble.
The collar, the backs of his gloves, the handle and hilt of the sword,
and the mitres, collars, and gloves of the Bishops, have all hollow
cavities, which no doubt once held jewels, but they have been removed,
not to say stolen. The sceptre, too, which has gone, was probably of
metal gilt, and possibly held jewels of value. It may be mentioned
here that while the character of the large slab of marble on which his
effigy is carved shows it to have been completed soon after his death,
the tomb itself on which it now rests is not earlier than the sixteenth
century. It probably originally rested upon the floor, and over the
stone coffin which lay immediately beneath it."
He is of opinion (p. 264) that " the original place of burial
must have been if anything a few feet west of its present
position rather than to the cast of it." In 1797 it was pro-
posed by the cathedral authorities to remove the monument
further eastward. Mr. Parker goes on : —
" However, when they began their work, they found within the square
tomb the actual stone coffin resting upon the stone floor of the church,
and in it was found the body. A full description of what remained was
written at the time. The corpse had been buried in a long rich robe,
no doubt the one already referred to, and similar to that represented on
INTRODUCTION XVll
the effigy, since so far as there were traces it might have been of a
crimson colour. The head was enveloped in a cowl tied under the chin.
The left hand had evidently held his sword, but the sword itself had
almost completely perished."
The suggestion (p. 109) that the persons called "Westereis**
— Westrefises in Latin — are the same as the Welshmen Westereis
( Walenses) of Warin Banastre, is borne out by a petition, ^^^ ^^
dated 6*Edw. I., and printed in Rolls of Parliament y i. page 2. Banaster.
This sets out the right of Robert Banastre to the manor of
Prestatun in Englefield. He alleges his descent from one
Robert Banastre who came to England with the Conqueror,
and had this manor with other lands. His descendant, also
Robert, in the reign of Richard I. built a tower at Prestatun
which still (6 Edward I.) remains. In his time Owen ap
Gweynor was Lord of Wales ; anH, while Richard was in
the Holy Land, he took the king's castle of Rothelan, and
drove the English out of Wales. The last-named Robert
Banastre thus lost his land in Wales, and thereupon took all
his people from Prestatun into Lancashire, where they are
still called Westroys. This Robert died, leaving three sons ;
Richard, Warin and Thorstan Banastre ; and during his time
there was war with the elder Lewelyn. Of these three,
Thorstan alone left a son who at the time of his father's
death was but one year old. He was in ward for twenty
years and lived only three years after attaining his majority,
having a son, the petitioner, who was a ward for nineteen
years. In pedigree form as under : —
Robert Banastre temp,
Ric. I. lost his land
in Wales and took his
people into Lancashire,
where he died.
I
I I
Richard Warin Thurstan
dieds.p. died s. p.
I
Robert one year old at the time
of his father's death ; lived only
3 years after he came of age.
Robert, now demandant, in ward for
19 years. Since he was lord there
has been war until now (6 Edw. I.).
b 2
XVni INTRODUCTION
Some explanation, if not apology, is perhaps needed for
the numerous Latin, and occasional French, quotations made
throughout this work. In compassion to the weak-kneed,
however, the rule which I have laid down, and (so far as I
know) acted upon, is to introduce, or to follow, the passage
cited with its purport in English, so that the indolent reader
may skip all the Latin, or French, and yet lose nothing of
the sense in so doing. If a reason were wanted for these
citations, I might adduce that given by Dr. Brady,^ under
" Advertisements to the Candid Reader" : —
" That some particular Parts of the Citations in Latin and French,
are more frequent than they might have been, because many Men, with-
out the Words of the Authors themselves, are loth to understand or
believe such things as are delivered by them."
I have adopted that " useful method" (as Bishop Nicolson*
says) of giving " at large all those Original Evidences,
whereby the Author justifies his Narrative."
My debt to Blackstone for his admirable work, to which
such frequent reference has been made here and elsewhere
in this volume, is indeed great ; but that debt is made
greater by his counsel (which I have taken) as to the mode
of printing Latin records. It would be well if the promoters
of the " Rolls Series " acquainted themselves with his
system, and rejected the rule laid down for editors to alter
the words to what is called ** classical Latin." It is remark-
able that we should be still groping in the dark, when so
complete a rule was laid down for our guidance one hundred
and thirty-five years ago. Blackstone*s note is so excellent
that, in spite of having to add to the numerous quotations
from him and others, I copy exactly what he says (Intro-
duction, xvi. note m) : —
** The reader is also desired (once for all) to take notice that, in the
printing both of this and the rest, the originals have been literally and
scrupulously copied even where there was an apparent error. . . .
* -•/ Ci'nfsnu.t/s\*n s\f the Com/^U/e Hisforv o/ Kftx^'f^t/ , . . Edward I.
II. and 111. and RLhard tht Stcond London, 1700, folio. Sec page
preoMiinj; the Index.
* Tiu Eni^^isk //isron\\i/ /J^ntpy \\ 87\ by \\\ Nicolson, Bishop of
C;irlisle. London, 1714, folio.
INTRODUCTION XIX
The editor however hath made no scruple to express at full length all
such abbreviations in the originals, which are commonly known to those
who are conversant in records, or where the terminations of the words
were sufficiently ascertained by the grammar and sense of the context.
Where they could not be so ascertained he hath left them abbreviated
as he found them, by adding a comma or apostrophe at the end to
denote the elision."
I have followed the example of Blackstone also in another
impottant particular, that is, by discarding punctuation in
printing such documents. A point (other than the full stop at
the end) which has crept in here and there has been allowed
to stand in order to avoid making a needless correction of
the press. This system of leaving out the points is, so far,
a departure from the originals which are punctuated indeed,
but in a style peculiar to mediaeval writers, and one that
does not accord with our modern usage. The omission of
stops need cause no embarrassment whatever to the ordinary
student of records ; and, if I may judge from my personal
experience, their absence is a positive help towards under-
standing what is written. Another thing. The full point
usually placed after the heading of the pages I have dis-
allowed altogether ; and, in the text generally, I have
endeavoured to repress as much as possible the comma, that
" humble but useful soldier always ready to do his duty."
The danger of extending contracted Latin words has
been forcibly shown by the late Sir Thomas Hardy ;^ but
within the limits laid down by Blackstone, and quoted above,
any such risk is reduced to a 7»tinimum, There is always Mistakes
present the serious danger of misreading,- caused by hurry, "^ '**°i"S'
imperfect light, or some peculiarity of the scribe ; and, more
than all, by the fallibility of the individual reader. There
are real difficulties moreover in the writing. Certain letters Letters
are very much alike; 5 and M ; A and D : R and K : E ^^^'^^^\
^ f ^ '■ t '-^ one for the
and G ; H and N ; O and C ; may be taken, one for the other.
» Registrum Palatinum Dunelmcnse, iv. Preface, xiii.— xxiii. Record
Series, 1878, 8vo.
' In an official Repertory which belongs to the reign of James the Fiist
I have four times found Kane, written on the margin for Lane. ; the latter
county being clearly indicated by the hundred named ; Salford, Derby-
shire (for West Derby), &r.
XX IXTkODUCnOS
other. Thus from time to time have been printed such
errors as Sobbury for Modbur>" ; Mucton for Sutton, &c.
.So much for the capitals, of which more might be said.
With the small letters the same, or even worse, confusion is
frequently found Dotting of the / being usually omitted
by medieval writers, three strokes close together may stand
for m, in, or ni. Such a word as inimids (which I once
encountered in the inrolment of a charter to, I think, Exeter
Cathedral^, for example, when written without dots, is all
but undecipherable. There is great similarity between e
and o, a and o, I and b, and (at certain periods) x and /.
Again, the letters c and / are often written alike. Apropos
of this last-named difficulty, I may instance what happened
on one rKcasion when I was much puzzled with a contracted
word in a roll, from which I was extracting an important
letter of Henry III.' Application for assistance from the
^>cst rca^icrs in the Public Record Office led to a very
equivocal result. On my mentioning to the late Mr. E. C.
Thomas the varying versions given by persons, no two of
whom agreed, or would agree, he thought the particulars
sufficiently interesting for one of his Notes in the Library
Chronicle of Dec. 1885 (vol. ii. p. 175), as follows: —
** A curious illustration of the difficulty and uncertainty which so often
attcnrN th<: extension of the contractions found in mediaeval manuscripts,
has recently turned up at the Record Office. The contraction referred
to was found on one of the Close Rolls, temp. Henry III. Various
authorities all of them experts of the first water — after very careful
examination, proposed to extend the contraction in the following different
ways : A read it initiamentum ; B mutationem ; C interatim ; D
inatcriarn ; A' instantiam ; F mentionem ; G inde causam ; while three
authorities ^ave up the puzzle as insoluble. Several of the experts now
a^rec that imie causam is the right extension, though some of them still
(lefrnid their own several interpretations. It should be observed that
the diffirulty does not arise from any defective condition of the parch-
ment, which is ({uite clean, while the writing of the phrase is perfectly
distinct. - R. O."
The story of a misreading may not be out of place here.
' If any one rarcs to ** decide when doctors disagree," he may like to
have the exact reference, Close Roll^ 27 Hen, III. part i, w. 13 //. Dated
at Bordeaux, the ninth of January.
IXTRODUCTION XXI
In Rymer^s Fcedera (Hague edition, torn, ii., p. 83) occurs the
following : — *^ in quibus Diche Cyregrapluxrims JuiLtorum
nostrorum * esse consueveratr Hereupon Du Cange inserts
" Diche "in his Glossary,^ and cites Rymer as authority for
the use of the word. ** Dicha " (for Dica) he takes to bo a
schedule, and the Chirographer of the Schedule is the person
whose duty it is to set down anything to be noted, such as
taxes, or impositions. The editors of the new (or Rccon.1)
edition of Fcedera discovered the true reading to be Arche
and printed accordingly (vol. i. 543), " /// quibus arche-
cyregrapharius Judceomm nostrorum esse cousueverd/,^*
Tovey's version' is somewhat different ; for, in quoting the
king's writ at length from Patent Roll, 5 Edw, I. ;;/. 13 dorso,
he has — " in quibus Dicka [here a *, and on margin, *A Tally]
Cyrographaria Judaeorum nostrorum, esse consuti^erat^ The
proper reading is, " in quibus arche cyrographariorum ♦
Judeorum nostrorufn esse consueverant." This is seen by a
writ of Edw. I., directed to the justices assigned for custody
of the Jews, and commanding them to restore to two persons,
whose debts in Jewry had been pardoned by Henry III.,
any charters found in the chirographers' chest.* Here the
words, archa Cirograpltariorum are written at length.
Variations in the spelling of names are a constant source
of perplexity. The same man may be intended notwith-
* The context is printed elsewhere (page 173, note 2) in this volume.
* IT DiCHE, pro Dica, Schedula vel Talleola, si bene conjccto : uncle
Diche Cyreffrapharium eum existimo, qui curam habet in Dica notandi
quae sunt annotanda, ut tallias seu impositiones, &c. Charta Kdwardi I.
Regis Angl. ann. 1277. apud Rymerum to. 2. p. 83. Cum nufier pro-
videri feceritnus, quod Judcti re^ni nostri manerent in civitatihus Hr*
burgis nostris propriis, in quibus Diche Cyref(raphariu% Judtzorum
nostrorum esse consueverat — [L)u Cange, Glossarium, Paris, 1733, f'>li'> I
' Angiia Judaica, page 205. Oxford, 1738, 4to.
* Madox appears to have been in some uncertainty (Hist, nf Exuh
i. 243, note m) as to the correct extension in a parallel passage cited b/
him, for he has ^ quae in Archis Cyrograffar. seu alibi de pnufati^ debitii
inveniri contigerinL Hil. Commun. 18 E. i. Hot.— b/'^
* *•-£/ cartas indc si que in archa Cirographariorum invente ^int une
di/[sLdi}one eisdem IVitfo et Michaeli restituatis, Te%te rety npud
Wynd XX, die Febr."' {Close Roll, 3 Edw. I, w. 21.]
XXll
INTRODUCTION
Spellings
of
Surnames.
standing the fact that his surname appears in very different
forms. Mr. Thomas^ has given these instances : —
De la Chau
De la Shau
De la Shaw
De la Sauche
De la Soulche
De la Souch
La Chaux
Leschault
Lassaux
Scipperus
Skipperus
Deecke
D'Ecke
This is the same man, but his name
spelt differently by different persons
— probably according to their notions
of sound.
The same man ; sometimes called
by his surname, sometimes by his
title, Sieur d'Ecke, Mons. D'Ecke.
These are of course much later in date than anything
contained in the present volume. Here doubt is rather
caused by the '' de'' following the Christian name ; whether
it is territorial, or a mere adjunct to indicate birth, or
residence, in a town or village. Casual mention (p. 154,
n° 23) is made of Sibil, daughter of Remigius de Pokelinton,
She (with her father) should — I find now — have been indexed
in P under that surname. An inquisition,^ taken at Uluis-
thorp (perhaps Owsthorpnow) near Pokelington, on 31 May,
1297, after the death of Dionisia, who was wife of Remigius
de Pokelington, finds that she held (being jointly enfeoffed
with her deceased husband) of the heir of Isabella countess
of Albemarle lands in Pokelington ; and that Roger, her son
and heir, aged forty-five years, is also heir of his father
Remigius. By the like rule, in the same paragraph (p. 1 54,
n** 23) another name should probably have been indexed in
O, John son of Martin de Ottringham,
One is apt to think that a man himself is good authority
for the way in which his surname should be written. What
then are we to say when members of a family, signing their
names to a formal document, and sworn before a justice of
the peace, adopt different modes of spelling (as it seems)
' Historical Notes^ 1509-17 14. Compiled by F. S. Thomas, Secretary
of the Public Record Office. London, 1856, 8vo. (vol. i. Preface vii.).
* Chancery Inq,p,m. 25 Edward 1., n" 54.
INTRODUCTION xxill
out of perverse obstinacy ? Take these tor example. Sir
Edward Fitton, Alice his wife, and Edward their son and
heir apparent, are called upon to subscribe the Concord of a
Fine ;* and this is what is found : —
Ed : Fyton
A. Fyton
E. Phyton.«
So in like manner Thomas Wilbraham, esq., and Richard,
his son and heir apparent, write their signatures^ on the same
day (4 Oct 1602), thus : —
Thofhs Wylbram
Rich : Wilbraham.
Henry Tracy of Todington, co. Gloucester, esq., and
Elizabeth his wife sign a request* to purchase, dated 3 July,
36 Hen. 8 (1544) : — "harry trassy, Elizabeth traycy." Sir
Edmund Trafford, knt, one of the Commissioners in Salford
Hundred, signs (S May 1549) the certificate for the first
payment of the Relief * granted to Edward the Sixth : —
" Edmud Trayfort"
With regard to the " Octave " of a feast, the rule uniformly Octave of
adopted throughout this volume is to reckon it as the 8th ^^^^^*
day, including the day of the feast, i.e., the 7th day® after
the feast. Thus the Octave of S. John Baptist (24 June) is
the first of July ; the Octave of S. Michael (29 Sept.) is the
* Chester Fines ^ Autumn 40 Eliz, ;«. 85 ; Spring 41 Eliz, m, 20 ;
Autumn 43 Elis, m. 99 ; Spring 44 E/is, m. 96 ; Autumn 44 Eliz. nu
88. Sir Edward Fitton married Alice, daughter and heir of Sir John
Holcroft of Holcroft, Lancashire. Mary Fitton, the younger of their
two daughters, and some time maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth, is
believed to have been the " dark lady " of Shakspere's Sonnets. See
Diet, of National Biography for notices of father and daughter.
* The spelling " Pharam*' for Fareham is found in Feet of Fines^ co.
Southampton^ Hilary (1609-10), T fames I.
* Chester Fines y Autumn 44 Elizabeth, m. 81.
* Exchequer, Augmentation. Pat ticulars for Grants, Tracy (Henry),
grantee^ 36 Hen. 8.
* Exchequer, Lay Subsidies^ Lancashire, I3l/i73-
* See Bond's (John J.) Handy- Book for verifying Dales. 1875, 8vo.
J. V. Octave.
XXIV INTRODUCTION
sixth of October. Sir Thomas (then Mr.) Hardy lent the
sanction of his authority to a system of (what he calls)
" indefinity," which is not borne out by the Records of any
reign : —
•* When a date is described as in the octaves, it means any day within
the seven days next following the day of the feast ; in the quindismes,
in the instance of Easter, it means the eight days preceding and the
eight days folio wi'>g Easter day ; in all other instances the quindismes
begin on the feast day itself, and continue for 15 days after that feast;
and by the expression in three weeks, a month, or five weeks from any
feast, any day within such term is intended." [Rotult Utterarum
Patentium^ 1^35) folio. Introduction, xli. note i.]
Of the countless instances that might be adduced in proof
of the very contrary of what is here stated, take these : —
" Essonia capta apud Lanstaneton* die Lune proxima post
Ocuve festum Sancti Bamabe apostoli, scilicet, in Octabis ejusdem."
A precise (Essoins taken at Launceston on Monday next after the
feast of S. Barnabas Apostle, to wit, in the Octave of the
same.) This is the heading of a roll, formerly called Coram
Rege, [3] John, n®9; but now mdiA^ Assize Roll, n° 1171.
In the year 1201 (Sunday letter G), 3 John, S. Barnabas*
day (the eleventh of June) fell on a Monday, and the octave
is the following Monday (18 June).
** Inquisicio facta etc. apud Upsall die Dominica in octabis
Sancte Trinitatis anno regni Regis Edwardi sextodecimo de
terris et tenementis Gilbcrti de Luda" etc, (Inquisition
made &c. at Upsall on Sunday the Octave of Holy Trinity
in the i6th year of the reign of king Edward concerning the
lands and tenements of Gilbert of Louth, &c) Easter-day
falling on the 28th of March in 1288 (16 Edw. I.), Trinity
Sunday was the 23rd of May, and the Sunday following
(30 May) the octave of the feast.
The Accompt of Philip de Wilugby (Willoughby) for
arrears of the Thirtieth (quoted at p. 170) "a die Jovis in
Octabis Apostolorum Petri et Pauli anno xij« usque diem
Mercurii in vigilia Ascensionis Domini anno xvij®" (from
Thursday (6 July) the Octave of the Apostles Peter and
Paul (29 June) in the 12th year (1284) up to Wednesday
(18 May) the eve of Ascension-day (19 May) in the I7tli
year (1289) of Edward the First). Here again we have a
INTRODUCTION XXV
precise day, Thursday ^ for the octave. Nicolas^ attempts to
make a distinction between "in the Octaves," and the
"Octave," but nothing of the kind is known to the
Records.
It may be objected that Sir Thomas (or Mr.) Hardy
meant to confine his remarks to Fines levied in the King's
Court. Very well. To the Fines we will go. It should be
observed in passing that he follows the note before quoted
(xxiv) with another (2) on the same page (xli), in which he
cites a series of fines levied from 6 to 12 John (1204-1210),
each of which is dated on some day of the week ; Monday,
Tuesday, &c.
•First, in looking through a file, or bundle of Fines, frequent
instances are seen of days exactly named ; such as, the
morrow of Holy Trinity, the morrow of the Ascension, the
morrow of Souls, and so on. From analogy, therefore, we
should expect to find others dated on a specific day. Such
is the case, as may be shown by any file of Feet of Fines^ for
any count>% in the Michaelmas term of any year of Queen
Elizabeth's reign. Take Bedfordshire — any other county
would do equally well — for example, Michaelmas 41 and 42
Elizabeth (1599). Here these forms occur: — "in octabis
Sancti Michaelis anno etc, quadragcsimo primo" (in the
octave* of Saint Michael in the 41st year); "in octabis
Sancti Martini anno etc, quadragcsimo secundo" (in the
octave' of Saint Martin in the 42nd year). In the first we
are not able to test the date as we can in the second. The
octave of Saint Michael is here the 6th of October (1599),
41 Eliz. The feast of S. Martin (let us remember) is the
eleventh of November. Now Elizabeth's regnal year began
on the seventeenth of November ; and, as the 42nd year of
her reign is named, the Octave, so far from meaning " any
' The Chronology of History, &c. (ed. 1838), page 103.
' For an explanation of what is meant by ** Feet of Fines," reference
may be had to vol. iii. of the Record Society's publications (Intro-
duction, x).
• I am, of course, aware that the proper language of a Fine is " in
eight days of S. Michael," "in eight days of S. Martin," &c. Whether
it be *' octave," "octaves," or "eight days," the same thing is meant.
XXvi INTRODUCTION
day within the seven days next following the day of the
feast," must be either the 17th, or the i8th, for the i6th Nov.
and preceding days are in the 41st year. Hence it is certain
that the octave is the i8th of November; 11+7=18.
The same mode of reckoning is found in other records.
Take this from a Common Plea roll ^ : — " Ad hunc diem
scilicet in Octabis Sancti Michaelis" (At this day, to wit,
in the Octave of Saint Michael). This is an usual, in fact,
tJu usual form. It is impossible to consult the rolls of any
Court for any reign without finding repeatedly one day and
no more for the octave. Here is a roll casually in use by
one of the searchers at the Public Record Office. I examine
it and find on membrane i (repeated on mm, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9) the form : — " Ad hunc diem scilicet in Octabis Sancti
Hillarii isto eodem termino usque quem diem predicti . . .
habuerunt licenciam inde interloquendi " ^ etc. (At this day,
to wit, in the Octave of Saint Hilary this same term, up to
which day they had leave to imparl &c.) In the Memoranda
rolls of the Exchequer the same language is encountered.
The defendant is told to be in Court " in Octabis Sancte
Trinitatis " (in the Octave of Holy Trinity) ; and his appear-
ance is entered, " Ad hunc diem scilicet ad predictas Octabas
Sancte Trinitatis" (At this day, to wit, at the aforesaid
Octave of Holy Trinity). Why the mediaeval writers per-
sisted in writing "octabis" instead of "octavis" is one of
those things that no one can understand.
Next, as to the " quindismes," or quinzaine {quindena) of,
Quinatine or fifteen days after, a feast. Here again a precise day is
of a feast, intended. Beside the instance seen below (p. 116), and to
which attention is drawn by a note, that the quinzaine of S.
Michael is called the feast of Saint Edward {i.e,^ 13th of
October) in one of the Miscellaneous Rolls formerly at the
Tower, there are (among many others) these : —
" In quindena' Sancti Michaelis, videlicet in festo Sancti
Edwardi, consecratus est magister Thomas Bek apud Lin-
* De Banco Roll, Mich, 20 Ric, II. w. 346 dorso.
* Exchequer Plea Roily Hilary 9 Chas, I. (No. 149).
* Annates de Oseneia, Annates Monastici (ed. Luard), iv. 286.
INTRODUCTION XXVU
colniam in episcopum Menevensem " etc, (In the quinzaine
of Saint Michael, that is to say, in the feast of Saint Edward
(13 October) Master Thomas Bek was consecrated at Lincoln
bishop of St. David's &c.)
" In quindena Paschae quae ipso anno [1268] contigit sexto
id. Aprilis in ecclesia cathedrali Sancti PauH " etc. (In the
quinzaine (23 April) of Easter, which this year fell on the
sixth of the Ides of April {ix, 8 April), in the cathedral
church of Saint Paul &c.) This is what the Annals of
Oseney^ say, but Wykes* specifically names the day : —
" Eodem anno [1268] die Sancti Georgii Ottobonus lep^atus
generale celebravit concilium in ecclesia cathedrali Sancti
Pauli," etc, (In the same year on Saint George's day (/>.
23 April) Ottobuoni the legate celebrated a general council
in the cathedral church of Saint Paul &c.) In these cases
it is proved that the quinzaine of Easter is a positive date.
The Memorafida rolls abound with entries to the same
effect It is sufficient to extract one such, for any one who
chooses can satisfy himself of the truth. The sheriff of
Somerset was commanded to warn Edward Ludlowe and
Maud {Matilda) his wife, " quod essent coram Baronibus hie
a die Sancti Michaelis in xv"" dies hoc termino ad osten-
dendum "* etc, (that they should be here before the Barons in
fifteen days from S. Michael's day this term to show, &c.)
Their appearance at the day given is then recorded : —
" Et MODO scilicet ad predictam xv°*"* Sancti Michaelis hoc
termino venerunt " etc, (And now, to wit, at the aforesaid
quinzaine of Saint Michael this term came &c.) Here the
"quinzaine of Saint Michael" and "in 15 days from S.
Michael's day " are shown to be one and the same thing,
that is, the thirteenth day of October. It will be under-
stood, then, that throughout this volume the quinzaine
{quindena) is made Xhe fifteenth day, including the feast-day
itself; and further, that in such expressions as "in three
^ Annates de Oseneia, Ann, Mon. (ed. Luard) iv. 215.
' Chronicon Thomce Wykes. Ann. Mon. (ed. Luard) iv. 215.
* Exchequer, L.T.R. Memoranda (342), Michaelmas y^ Eli z. Ro. 132.
XXViii INTRODUCTION
weeks, a month, or five weeks," the calculation is (by mul-
tiples of seven) 21,28, or 35 days after (but always including)
the feast named.
It has been estimated with a fair degree of probability,
Exchequer that the value of money in the reign of Edward the First was
" *■ ■ twenty times that of our present currency. Be the pro-
^H portion what it may, it is instructive to learn the large sums
^^B received at the Exchequer for a certain period, day by day,
^H in preparation for the Scottish campaign of the year 1298
^H which terminated with the battle of Falkirk, fought on Saint
^H Mary Magdalen's day, the 22nd of July in that year. Here
^H are the receipts for three weeks of Easter-term, commencing
^^m on Monday the morrow of the close' of Easter : —
^H Bill of Easter Term, 26 Edw. I.
^ft A.D. 1298. £ s. d.
^^B April 14 Monday 902 o 10
^^H 15 Tuesday 1,162 14 6
^^^^^^^ 16 Wednesday 2,045 '5 ^
^^^^^^L 17 Thursday 2,636 \y 5
^^^^H 18 Friday 2,563 18 64
^^^^^^H 19 Saturday 2,633 3 9^
^^^^^^H 21 Monday 2,594 13 9^
^^^^^^H 22 Tuesday 2,534 '^ ^
^^^^^^H 23 Wednesday 2,558 18 7
^^^^^^^H 24 Thursday 2,209 3
^^^^^^H Friday 2,204 '^ n
^^^^^^^H 26 Saturday 2,201 2 10
^^^^^^^B 27 Sunday 2,049 4
^^^^^^H 28 Monday 2407 9 o
^^^^^^^ 29 Tuesday 2,204 4 2
^^F 30 Wednesday 2,128 3 s
^H Mav I Thursday 1,101 3 3
^^B 2 Friday 943 16 4
^H ■ 3 Saturday 549 "5 7
^^1 4 Sunday 481 14 9
^^F \Exckeqtier. Treasury of Receipt. Miscellanea ^.]
The close of Easter is the Sunday after Easter. In this year (1398):
Easter fell on ihe sixth of April.
1
\
^H INTBODL'CTION xxix
A sum of £^6^ was paid to John Abel and Nicholas de
Okham for the expenses of themselves, and others with
them, conducting the king's treasure, and the rolls of the
Exchequer and of the Bench {i.e., Common Pleas), and for
carriage of the same treasure and rolls from London to (
York about the feast of Holy Trinity (the first of June) in ^
26 Edw. I. The bill of Receipt above quoted (p. xxviii.) is
followed by a heading for Trinity-term :—" Billa de recepta
apud Ebor' in crastino Sancte Trinitatis ;" and the first item
for Monday the 2nd of June h,£2.og^ iSs. i{(/.
Again, among " things not generally known " is the
amount of Queen Elizabeth's annual revenue. In some 1
years it exceeded ^400,000, as shi>wn by the Pe//s Receipt ^
Books for the years hereunder mentioned. Two terms are 1
necessarily included in these half-yearly receipts; but, in
order to avoid a complicated mass of figures, the separate
amounts for Hilary and Trinity terms respectively are
omitted in the following Table, although they are duly
entered in the books before me.
KuBbcr. A.D. Ct.uuaKC\iic Half.Vesbi-v Reckipt Ahnual Rkvekuk
if
£ '■ d.
255.316 16 ui
165,401 I o\
1594 Mich. 36-37 Eliz.
1595 Easter 37 Eliz.
1596 Mich. 38-39 Elii.
1597 Easter 39 Elii.
1597 Mich. 39-40 Elii....
1598 Easier 40 Elii.
280,212
159.371
18
?l
232.272
145.303
7
16
;si
239,241
131,276
9
8
oi
241,483
i5'-936
6
3
.;l
318,729
250.764
8
6
3i
8
420,717 18 .
439,584 10
377.575 4
370.517 17 I
393.419 10
569493 14 I
» Exckequrr of Rtceipt. Issue Roll {Peih), 26 Eda/. I. Easier.
' As already seen (p. xxv.) Eliiabeth's regnal year began on Ihe 17th
of November, so that Michaelmas-term fell in two of her years. For
nample. Michaelmas-ierm in 1593 began 9 Oci. 35ih year and ended
38 Nov. 361I) year.
XXX
INTRODUCTION
Neglect
of Public
Records.
Seen by
J. Smyth
of Nibley
before
I6i8.
As found
by Prynne
in i66i.
That the Subsidy Rolls for Lancashire should frequently
be missing ; or, if existing, that they should be injured by
neglect rather than by time, is a result which might naturally
be expected to follow examination. How far back^ the
careless treatment of Public Records generally was first
observable there is no means of ascertaining. At least it
showed itself towards the end of the reign of Elizabeth,
seeing that John Smyth of Nibley (1567-1641) alludes to
the fact in his Lives of the Berkeleys^ (i. 290); for which
work, although written in 16 18, he had been collecting the
evidences during many years in which he had been steward
to the Berkeley family. Writing of Thomas lord Berkeley
(the third of that name), he refers to the inquisition taken
after the death of his father, Maurice late lord — mentioned
before (i. 273) in that lord's life as the only one " remaining
unperished in the King's Courts, And that also much
maymed " — in these terms : —
" The injuryes of time and worse keepers of Chancery records of this
nature [i.e. Inquisitions post mortem] have left to my time one only
Inquisition in the County of Somerset, which is also half tome and
maymed, found upon the 24th of the same month."
Then Prynne has graphically depicted what he found
when, immediately after he received the Royal Patent for
Custody of the ancient Records in the Tower, he proceeded
(as he says) to rescue the greatest part of them
"from that desolation, corruption, confusion, in which (thorough the
Negligence, Nescience, or Sloathfullnesse of their Former Keepers)
they had for many years by past layen buried together in one confused
Chaos under corroding, putrifying Cobwebs, Dust, Filth, in the darkest
corner of Caesar's Chappel in the White Tower, as mere useless Reliques,
not worthy to be calendred, or brought down thence into the Office
amongst other Records of use. In order thereunto, I imployed some
Souldiers and Women to remove and cleanse them from their Filthy-
nesse ; who soon growing weary of this noysome Work, left them almost
as foul, dusty, nasty as they found them. Whereupon immediately
after the Parliaments adjournment, I and my Clerk (in August and
' See the mention of "great defect in the roll from which this is
transcribed" {temp, Edw. II.), page 142, note 3.
' Edited by Sir J. Maclean, F.S.A. &c. for the Bristol and Gloucester-
shire Archaeological Society, 1883, 2 vols. 4to.
INTRODUCTION XXXI
September last) spent many whole dayes in cleansing and sorting them
into distinct confused heaps, in order to their future reducement into Their foul
method, the old Clerks of the Office being unwilling to touch them for ^^^j^ *°^
fear of fouling their Fingers, spoyling their Cloathes, endangering their
Eye-sight and Healths, by their cankerous dust and evil sent.
** In raking up this Dung-heap (according to my expectation) I found
many rare antient Precious Pearls and Golden Records, relating to the
High Court of Parliament, the Chancery, Kings Bench, Common Pleas,
Exchequer. . . . Negociations, Treaties, Leagues with & Letters to
France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Flanders, . . . with many Original
Bulls of Popes, (some of them under Seal) Letters to and from Popes,
Cardinals, and the Court of Rome, . . . besides other Records of more
private concernment ; All which will require Briarius his hundred hands,
Argus his hundred eyes, and Nestors centuries of years to marshall
them into distinct files, and make exact Alphabetical Tables of the
several Things, Names, Places comprised in them. ..." *
Prynne was at this time Member of Parliament for " the
most antient famous City of Bath," and also Recorder. He
publishes Returns of Writs relating to several counties (and
says, page 2) : —
'* least they should be re-interred in their former corroding rubbish,
dust and moths, which have totally devoured many of the Original Writs Many writs
and Retoms of these years [from 25 E. i. till 13 E. 4.], and so mutilated, J^^oHy
eaten out or obfuscated the Letters of sundry others of them, that they ^''°y^«
are little better than Vselesse Fragments^ it being almost a miracle that
so many of them were preserved intire, in that deplorable pickle wherein
I found them, and now rescued from the grave wherein they lay so long
interred."
To pass from Prynne's date to quite recent times, and to
the state of that class of Records which is included in the
general term " Subsidie;^." The Rev. Joseph Hunter, in Mr.Hunter*
reporting (under date, 25 March, 1841) upon the Documents 1^7^"^*"
relating to Scutages, Subsidies, &c., discovered among the
Miscellanea of the Queen's Remembrancer in the Exchequer,
described their condition. From his column of " Remarks "
the following extracts are taken : —
* Brevia Parliamentaria Rediviva. By William Prynne.
London, i66i,4to. The Epistle Dedicatory {^. 2) to Charles the Second,
which is dat6d "Lincolns-Inne, Jan; 24, 1661" [or 1661-2]. B.M.
Press-mark, 883. k. 5.
c
XXXll INTRODUCTION
Essex (143)* — 24 membranes. *' Eleven of the membranes rotted, and
repaired with tracing paper. . . . The membranes of this Roll have
been found at different times in detached portions."
Dorset (143) — 14 membs. " Much mutilated ; one end of the Roll
rotted away. . . ."
Wiltshire (144)— 33 membs. " Found in an extremely dirty and
decayed state."
Warwick (146) — 17 membs. "Found in a bad state ; a large hole in it
through several of the folds.*'
York, East Riding (146) — 11 membs. "This Roll was found in a most
wretched state, crumpled, faded, dirty and decayed, as if it had
been trodden under foot for years."
To return to the Subsidy-rolls remaining for Lancashire.
Throughout some reigns not a single document is to be
found, and it frequently happens that those still in existence
are much mutilated, or the writing is faint and illegible.
One main object of the volume yet to be printed is to state
in every case the condition of any roll, or other record,
consisting (it may be) of one membrane only. When names
occur, that fact will be duly noted in the margin. An
actual page is here set up (xxxiii) for the purpose of showing
how it is intended to deal with these subsidies hereafter.
Although the numbers extend to 363 only (see p. xxxix,
note i), there are about four hundred examined documents ;
for sometimes a single number covers several distinct frag-
ments, as seen in the case of 131/168 opposite (p. xxxiii),
which has thirteen detached portions of subsidies. Assuming
that (as here) two documents can be disposed of in a page,
and taking the figures (400) before mentioned, we arrive at
two hundred pages. Then some space must be allowed for
breaks caused by different reigns, and for a short statement
in each case, as to the parliament in which the tax was
granted, the rate of the levy, &c. ; so that with great difficulty
only can the projected volume be confined to 250 pages.
This plain statement proves how impossible it is to give any
names beyond those of collectors and commissioners ; and it
is made in order to avoid the creation of false and delusive
hopes in the future.
' Quoted from the Second Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public
RecordSy appendix ii. at the pages specified.
EDWARD THK SIXTH XXxHl
Hundred of West Derby
('assessed in two Divisions)
/\ SSCSSmcnt for the first payment of the Relief due 33i_
'^ ^ to the King in the third year of his reign, certified *72
4 May, 3 Edw. VI. (1549) by Sir William Norres, knight,
and Laurence Irlande, esquire, two of the Commissioners ^ ^*y»
within [parcel of] the hundred of West Derbye, who ap-
pointed Richard Bolde^ esquire, chief collector ; and he to make
payment of the money received in the King's Exchequer
before 6 May next (1549).
Sum — £yj, 12s, Names
Endorsement of delivery by the within named
IViUiam Norres^ knight, 22 May, 3 Edw. VI.
(1549).
[One membrane^ indented at the top {written on
both sides) and signed by the Commissioners,"]
IT Tlus portion contains the parishes of Chyldewall Walton^ Sefton
Alkarre* Northemeles, Hallsall, Aghton and Ormeskyrke.
r /\ SSeSSment for the same first payment, certified (as iji*
-^^^^ appears from their signatures) by Sir Thomas Butler^ 168
Sir Thomas Gerard, Sir Peres Legh and Sir John Atherton, %\ f^j
knights, being Commissioners for other parcel of the hundred ^
of West Derby. ] 1 549. ]
Sum — £, . I2J. 6\d. Names
[ Two mutilated mepnbranes; the second signed^
as above mentioned^
^ This division contains the parishes of Huyton, Prescot (mutilated),
Weryngton, Legh, Wygan and Wynwhike.
' Edmunde Gee is here named as mayor of Liverpool, and assessed on
;£4D in goods, beside £^z value in the City of Chester.
* This, described in the Official Slips as " a parcel of fragments,** is
detailed below under Documents undated^ or fragmentary.
C 2
XXXIV
A Topographical Index
ascertaining the situation
of the
Parishes, Townships, Hamlets and Villages
contained within the
County Palatine of Lancaster.
♦#* Parishes are distinguished by the prefix IT ; Seats of Families
and Mansions, by a star (*).
Place
Description Parish
Hundred Disttutce in miles from
Abbey Stbad
ancient site
Lancaster
Lonsdale
7 S.E.
Lancaster
Abbots in
hamlet
Coolton
Lonsdale, N.
7N.N.E.
Ulverstone
Coulton tnship.
Above Town. See
Hawcoat.
Abram
township
Wigan
West Derby
4N.N.E.
Newton in
Makerlield
Accrington, New
township
Whalley
Blackburn
5E.
Blackburn
Accrington^ Old
chapelry
Whalley
Bolton le Sands
Blackburn
5iE.
Blackburn
Addington in
Nether Kellet tp.
hamlet
Lonsdale, S.
6N.E.
Lancaster
Adgarley
AdUngton
township
Urswick
Lonsdale, N.
5 S.S.W.
Ulverstone
township
Standish
Ley land
4N.
Wigan
Admarsh Chapel in
chapel
Lancaster
Amoundemess
4 E.N.E.
Garstang
Bleasdale township
Agecroft in
Pendlebury tp.
hamlet
Eccles
Salford
4N.W.
Manchester
Aigbur^h or Aig-
hamlet
Childwall
West Derby
4S.E.
Liverpool
Inirth in Garston tp.
Aighton with Bai-
township
Mitton, Yorksb*
Blackburn
6 W.S.W.
Clitheroe
ley and Chaigley
Ainsdale in
hamlet
Walton
West Derby
8W.
Ormskirk
Formby chapelry
Ainsworth
chapelry
Middleton
Salford
3W.
Bury
Aintree _
township
Sefton
West Derby
Lonsdale, S.
6 N.N.E.
Liverpool
Alcocks in
hamlet
Melling
10 E.N.E.
Lancaster
Wray township
Aldcliffe
township
Lancaster
Lonsdale, S.
I S.W.
Lancaster
IfAldingham
parish and
township
township
Lonsdale, N.
6S.
Ulverstone
Aldjngham, Upper
Aldingham
Lonsdale, N.
S.
Ulverstone
Aldingham, Lower
township
Aldingham
Lonsdale, N.
S.
Ulverstone
*Alkincoates in
ancient man-Whalfey
Blackburn
i( N.W.
Colne
Colne chapelry
sion
Alkrington
township
Prestwich cum
Oldham
Salford
5 N.N.E.
Manchester
AllertOQ
lowDship
Childwall
West Derby
5S.E.
Liverpool
VXX'
.l.«t^
It would tn^niicscrf be s. izr. ■ -tr^rtri^yz z: "r*i : i: •j_-\: -
^ volunie itself & T zcin^^nz'—^zk, Iioix :■' i^. 7.i-■:^^ r
Lancashire, with :
' thcv are sitrcarr Tb
m
names of p c r sucs
bj- ascertaining the Jtndrsd rr:— ih-i I^iix :.— :: rJii
"Table of TaacatSoc'* arc fee ^ a ^ ir-:- s^ :-^ ^-rsiy-
rolls remaining for tfcar b:^ir^l Iii trri!-. .?. I r^ir
against the idea bcxrg carrlei :..t. Hi-s^s-.tr I h;r= ?>■:-- vi
sort of thing <pL xxxfv . adi.r^ :h^t ir.e >:cr:= :"-:— .-;-. :h :
is compiled is Clarke's
Uaeiul. indeed invaluable izr reKr=-::e.
For my part, I sbircld ver;.- rr.rh
Index made to comprefacr.i the T*h:Le :: rir.^'.ir.L 5-rs'y
in each of its fort>- coucrfes — " ^liir.t little Wili? :r.u?t be
allowed toha\*e an Index to fts^lf^there z::-ht re :":u".i rr.e
man who would be willing t:- cev:te hi:r.>e".f t: the ti^k .:!'
collecting the names of all "•"liases ar. i hirr.let^ ir. r. "^ ?-.vr.
county. He might get assistance zrzrr. rthers. £sre::Al'y the
clergy of the several parishes, s-j that the t:>:^riyh:v:d!
details might have the advantage ::" beir.^ rcv:<ei l:cAlly.
The whole, when collected. n;:^ht >j thr:*.vr. ir.t "» v^r.e
alphabet; and thus the rr^ost insi^r.:r.::ir.t ::lice :r. Kr.^'.Ai'.vi
would be recorded, and its situation exActlv a>certA:r.ejl. In
the meantime the Cauntj Ccurt A\;V.r.- printed i":r Her
Majest>''s Stationer)" Office, is useful >: far as it goos. It
gives the place, county, and distance in r:;:!es fron the Court
in this form : —
Township County Co..:r.
Forton Lancaster Gar>Mnj;. 4.
Beside this Topographical Index. I have compiled— also
for the assistance of the reader — a "Comparative Table
of Townships" (pp. xxxvi, xxxvii , in order to show the
* Tk£ New Lancashire GaMtUer, &c., by Stephen Reynolds Clarke.
Loodon, 1850, 8va
' Index to the Parishes^ Toumships, Hafftlets, iuui PLues, iV«A;//;c%/
Tithim the Districts of the seiferni County Courts in Knc/iin.i ii//./
H'eies. Founh edition. London, 1888, folio. Price 6.^-.
XXXVl
A Comparative
in the County
extracted from
and exhibiting the variations
at stated
from the
year 1237^
side by
>laces which are
named in Doi
th
e forms in
The I
mesday-book are added beneath
affixed
"30 ^ 130
130
237
Township and Hundred
I 2
6
67
A.D.
1894
I237«
1332
1440
Abram
West Derby
Adbuigham
Adbuiigham
Adburgheham
Adlington ...
Ley land
Adlyngton
Aighton, Bailey
Blackburn
Actone
Aghtone
Aghtone
and Cbaigley
Aintree
Aldcliff ...
West Derby
Lonsdale
Aintre
Aldeclif IB
Ayntre
iUdedife
Avntre
Aldeclyffe
Aldingham...
Lonsdale
Aldyngham
Aldjrngham
AUerton
West Derby
Alretone
Alretune IB
Allertone
Allertone
AUithwaite...
Lonsdale
Alyntwaite
Alynthayt
Alston
.. Antoundemess
Alsstone
Alstone
Alstone
Altham
Blackburn
AInetam
Alnetham
AInetam
Anderton ...
Ley land
Andretone
Andreton
Applrton ...
West Derby
Appletone
Appultone
Arbury
West Derby
Erbury
Erbury
Arkbolme ...
Lonsdale
Ergham
Erghum
Ergham
Ashton with Lea, .
.. Antoundemess
As.shtone
As^tone
Ingol & Cottam
Estun IB
Ashton in ...
West Derby
Astone
Asshetone
Asshtone
Makerfield
Ashton with
Stodday
Ashton under
Lonsdale
Astone
Esshtone
Es.shetone
Salford
Astone
Asshetone
Asshetone
Lyne
' The number of the Roll used is in every instance set at the head over
^ As explained below (p. 44), a small portion of one membrane is injured
13 names of places in this hundred.
XXXVll
Table of Townships
of Lancaster
the Subsidy Rolls
found in their names as written
btervals
to the year 1665^
side with
modern use.
those in the first column (1237), and further distinguished by the letter
to them.
! «3i
131
131
132
«93
250
287
352
Township
IS53
1589
1606
1 66s
A.D, 1894
, Abnrgham
Adburham
Abraham
Abram
Abram
Adljngton
Adlington
Adlington
Adlington
Adlington
Aghtone
Augbton, Bayly
Aughton
Aughton, Bai-
Aighton, Bailey
et Cbagly
ley, Chaidgley
and Chaigley
Ayntre
Aldedyfie
Aynctre
AwclyfTe
Aywtrec
Ulcliffe
Ayntrec
Awcliffe
Aintrec
Aldcliffe
AldjDghani
Aldinghamc
Aldingham
Aldingham
Aldingham
Alleitoiie
Allerton
Allerton
Allerton
Allerton
Alynthwyth
Allithwat
Alin^hwith
Alethwaite
Allithwaite
Alstone
AsAton
Alston
Alston
Alston
Alnetham
Altham
Alvetham
Altham
Altham
Andertone
Anderton
Anderton
Anderton
Anderton
Appletone
Apleton
Apleton
Appleton
Erbury
Erburye
E;ibury
Arbury
Arbury
Erghame
Erphain
Asnton
Arholme
Ark hoi me
Ashton
Ashton
Ashton with Lea,
.
Ingol & Cottam
Asshetone
Asheton
Asheton
Ashton in
MakerBeld
Ashton in
Makerfield
Eishetone
Ashton
Esbton
Ashton
Ashton with
Stodday
Assheton
Asheton
Asheton
Ashton
Ashton under
■s
1
Lyne
the year.
and wanting. The defects occur under " Aumundernes," and sacrifice 12 or
xxxviii INTRODUCTION
variations in the names written at sundry intervals in these
Subsidy Rolls. Manifest blunders in spelling are to be
indicated (where they occur) by italics. Thus Aywtree for
Ayntree ; Kshton for Alston ; E/^bury for Erbury (now
Arbury). Errors of this kind are due to misreading of an
earlier manuscript on the part of the transcriber. It is found
that the names of some townships (examples of which will
be given in due course hereafter) were mis-spelt, frequently in
the first, or Capital letter, by writers in the time of Hen. VIII.
who evidently read with difficulty the hands of Hen. VI. in
rolls from which they were copying at a distance of less than
a hundred years. Before printed books became common,
there was no general standard of orthography, and conse-
quently each man spelt in his own fashion according to his
idea of the sound. The very same process is going on now,
with regard to the names of persons and places; as the
following case will show. A friend of mine who lives in
Argyll-street, Regent-street, has preserved the envelopes of
certain letters which have been addressed to him, and duly
delivered by post. From these which are now before me I
find twelve ways of writing -^fg;^//; —
Argyll Argill Argel
Argylle Argle Argyyll
Argyle Arrquile Agyll
Argall Argyl Argil
For my own guidance I have compiled yet one more table
(alluded to before, p. xxxv), with the object of exhibiting
in due chronological order, and at one view, every roll now
remaining for the several hundreds of this county ; so that a
given township, or parish, can be readily tracked through-
out the entire series by following the column headed with
the name^ of the hundred in which it is situate. Many
rolls show places only, with sums assessed upon them to
Fifteenths and Tenths. By eliminating all these, there
^ The small space at command has compelled the abbreviation of the
Hundred named to its first two letters. Thus Am. for Amoundemess ;
Bl. for Blackburn ; and so on. In the first column (to your left) is the
regnal year ; in the second, the year of Our Lord.
INTRODUCTION xxxix
results an emended Table, strictly confined to those rolls
which contain Names of persons charged with money pay-
ments : as hereunder follows.
Table' of the Rolls
which contain Names of Persons charged
to Subsidies
in the County of Lancaster
A.R.
A.D.
1327
Edward III.
Twentieth of Goods'
A,.,.
... 5
BI.
Le.
5
Lo.
Sa
W.D.
;
6
133a
Fifteenth and Tenth
... 6
6
6
6
30
•m6
Aid for knighting th
It
16
16
16
16
16
kings eldest son ..
17
'7
17
17
17
Richard II.
2
'379
Poll-tax
...I361
28
27
4
1415
.380
1513
Poll-tax
Henrv VIII.
Subsidy for four year
29
rirsl year ,
Bi
ia
&>
90
79
96
Second yeat
... 8s
87
£6
83
84
Thitci year ...
... 94
&<i
92
237/57
9'
83
Fourth year
- 93
94
93
93
93
93
36
IS34
Subsidy pay'''' in moi
Second rooicly
98
J^
1540
Subsidy ] early fur 2 y
First yefli-...
Second year
.. 119
"S
117
114
113
34
1542
A Loan
121
1-31
131
121
121
142
Ui
141
142
142
\t
' In making application for any of the documents in this Table, the
Dumber of the Bundle should be written above the figures here given.
Bundle 130 includes numbers i to 169: therefore write 130 above, or
thus : 130/5. 130/6, 130/16 ; and so on, up to and including 169- Bundle
131 includes n" 170 to 335 ; Bundle 131 n"" 336 to 363 (the end). Con-
sequently you must write 131/170, and the intermediate numbers, up to
131/335 > t^o '32 '336, and numbers following, up to r3i,'363.
' For Salford Hundred see Rccord Socieit, vol. xii, p. 137.
INTRODUCTION
A. R.
A.D.
Am
BL
Le.
U.
Sa.
W.D,
34-35
'543
Subsidy pay''" in 3 yrs.
First payment ...
"4
135
116
123
123
166
.27
Third pa^eol...
130
i3g
'33
118
uid Aniicipalion
'3'
'34
140
13a
133
146
.35
337/68
'39
•A
36
37
"S4S
"545
163
'43
.45
'47
166
144
Subsidy pay"" in 1 yrs.
First payment . . .
'54
'S3 '53
'5S
'37
I3S
Second payment
'59
IS? 1560
162
156
158
161
160
38
■ 546
Contribution by free-will
Edward VI.
164
164
2-3
1549
Subsidy called a Relief
First pBymeot ...
'74
.73
170
171
193
'73
168
17a
Second payment
'77
• 78
'79
iSo
183
Third payment.,.
18?
18s
i5i
18G
191
1 84
Fourth payment
iSi
190
iSg
193
166
188
ELIZABETH
263
'559
Subsidy in two paym'*
First payment' ...
■563
Subsidy in two paym"
First payment ...
Second payment
209
209
311
'3
157'
Subsidy in two paym"
First payment ...
Second payment
119
221
219
23
1S81
Subsidy in two paym"
First payment ...
234
235
234
33s
33s
334
28
'587
Subsidy in two paym"
First payment ...
^3
248
247
35
'593
Three Subs, in 4 paym"
Second subudy...
358
39
'S97
Three Subs. In 3 paym"
First subsidy ...
267
262
264
265
363
Second sutisidy...
2(^
271
270
26S
266
272
Third subsidy ...
ill
274
275
276
278
373
43
i6ot
Four Subs.' in 7 paym"
3
1605
James I.
Three Subs, in 6 paym"
First suUidy. isl paym'
zSg-
389
289
' See Stale Papers. Doitustic. ElUabefk. Vol. ix.
' For Third Subsidy, first payment, see Harl. MS. 3113.
* One membrane only. Summary of AccompL Very few names.
INTRODUCTION
A,R.
A.D.
Am.
Bl.
Lc.
Lo.
Sa.
W.D.
7
T.
Subsidy in two paym"
294
296
Second payment
29s
291
393
393
to
16I3
Aid for marrying the!
King's eldest dau. /
397
297
397
i8
1621
Two Subsidies.
Fint autsidy' ...
Second Mto., and paym'
298
302 299
301
31
i6J4
Three Subs, in 3 paym"
] y^
ThitdmbMdy ,,,
310
306! 307
309
308
Charles 1.
1
1635
Two Subs, in 3 paym"
Firttiubody ...
3'3
311
Second sub«idy...
3'6
3'7
3'4
313
Wl
3'9
3
1637
Five Subs, in 4 paym"
Finrt Md Second
321
333
yti
334
Thiid subsidy ,.
326
325
Fourth subsidy...
330
337
339
338
333
Fifth subMdy
331
330
i6
1640
Four Subs, in 2 paym"
First *nd Second
333
335
334
Third and Fourth
336
338
344
34<w
337
339
340
D.d.
Loan
343
346
343
345
Charles II.
13
1660
Poll-money'
3/5
■ 3
1661
Free present' to the King
2/23
2/23
a '33
3/33
i/33
2;33
'5
1663
Relief of the Army in 1
Ireland /
Four Subs, in 2 paym"
347
347
347
347
347
347
■ 5
1663
First and Second
349
Third and Fourth
350
35'
348
>7
166s
Hearth-tax
352
352
352
353
353
353
24
1673
Hearth-tax
360
360
356
J5-J6
1673
Hearth-tax
35S
3S5
355
355
3SS
355
' For Salford Hundred see Record Society, vol. xii. p. 147-
= See Record Society, vol. xii. page 164 eisej,
» See this Introduction, pp. xlv, xlviii ; where extracts are printed.
xlii
INTRODUCTION
Out of the foregoing list, certain rolls which seem for
various reasons desirable to print,^ are commended to the
notice of the COUNCIL. The first place might be given to
the second of two entire Subsidies granted in the Parliament^
which began its session i8 June i Chas. I. (1625). Of the first
subsidy nothing remains • for Lancashire, except a return
(131/311) for the Hundreds of Leyland and West Derby,
furnished by James Rivington, sub-collector of the same, who
came before the barons of the Exchequer 1 1 Feb. 1625-6, and
took his corporal oath, that certain persons — one in Leyland,
and eight others, beside thirteen recusants charged Sd. by
the poll, in West Derby hundred — had no goods or chattels
whereon he could levy the sums taxed to the king's use,
" although he have done his best endeavour to have levyed
" the same."
Of the second Subsidy there is an entire set of rolls for
the six hundreds of this county, and in the condition par-
ticularly described in the table printed below. The two
subsidies were to be taxed at the same rate, viz. on goods
from the value of £3 upwards, 2s, Sd, in the Pound ; on
lands from 20s. yearly value, 4s, in the Pound. Aliens and
Recusants to pay double rates ; or Sj*. 4//. on goods, and Ss.
on lands. Aliens and Recusants, not contributory to the
tax, to pay 8-pence by the poll. This second subsidy, as
laid down by the Act, was to be assessed before 3 1 March
1626, and the particular sums to be certified before the 20th
of April following.
Second Subsidy granted i Chas. I.
No.
A,D. 1626
Hundred
Membs.
Comments
316
May I
Amoundemess
10
Beautifully written,
and symmetrically
arranged.
* In vol. xii. pp. 133-189 (Misceilanies^ vol. i.), of this Society's
publications there are printed three Subsidy Rolls ; two (dated 1541 and
1622) for Salford Hundred ; and one (dated 1628) for Leyland Hundred
with a Recusant Roll, attached and of the same date.
' Statute 1 Car. I. c. 9. Sec Statutes of the Realm^ v. 9.
INTRODUCTION
xliii
No.
A,D. 1626
Hundred
Membs.
Comments
317
May..
Blackburn
II
Upper part much dis-
coloured, and next
membrane some-
what pale ; the re-
mainder in excel-
lent condition.
313
May II
Leyland
4
In good condition
throughout.
319
Apr. 23
Recusants ...
7
In good condition.
3M
Apr. 29
Lonsdale
II
In excellent con-
dition.
312
Apr. 20
Salford
6
In very good state.
315
May 12
West Derby ...
9
Remarkably clean
and perfect.
318
Apr. 25
Recusants ...
24
"A remarkably fine
roll.''
Some of the rolls, it should be observed, keep the word of
promise to the ear, and break it to the hope. For instance,
from the Table (p. xxxix) it is seen that a complete set of
rolls exists for each of the third and fourth payments of the
Subsidy, granted 14-15 Hen. VIII.; but, as the assessment
for the former of these is on £^0 and upwards in lands,
there are very few persons named in any hundred, while
by the latter on ;^so and upwards in goods, there are two
hundreds — Amounderness and Blackburn — in which there is
no person inhabiting " whyche ys of the said valo*" in goodes
" of 1 /i. or above."
The earliest return (130/5) for this county with names
of persons assessed is that of a Twentieth, granted in Twentieth
I Edward III. It is contained in a roll of 16 membranes, '^^^-^^I-
written (except one) on both sides. Part of Derbyshire
(now West Derby) hundred is much injured, particularly one
membrane (2nd) comprising ten parishes, out of which eight
names only of persons are legible. Lonsdale hundred also
has three or four parishes defective. The other four hundreds
are in a good state. Total amount, £162 lu. o\d.\ of
which £'j 6s, received from the boroughs, viz. Wygan, 36.^. ;
Lyverpulle, 30J. ; Preston, 40J. ; and Lancaster, 40J. : thus
leaving for the rest of the county, ;^I55 5j. o\d. Having
r^ard to the somewhat defective state of this roll, it would
be well perhaps to pass it over, and go to the next (130/6),
xliv
INTRODUCTION
Fifteenth
and Tenth
6£dw.III.
giving a FIFTEENTH in the county, and a TENTH in the
boroughs, granted 6 Edw. III. This is a roll of 19 mem-
branes, written on both sides, and in a fine state of
preservation ; but on the first membrane a portion is
illegible, affecting six names under Wygan and three names
under Liverpool. The Fifteenth produced the sum of
£2^7 13J. 8^., and the TENTH, ;^ii 3^. 8rf. ; the total amount
being £2^^ lys, 4^/. On the dorse there is a memorandum,
that the rolls were received 14 July 7 Edw. III. (1333) by
the hands of Robert de Shirburne and John de Radeclyve,
taxors and collectors of the isth and loth in the county of
Lancaster. The taxation of the goods of the collectors was
made by the barons of the Exchequer on the previous day
(13 July), and the goods of each were assessed to the tax at
20J., or 40J. for the two. Herein is a standard by which to
estimate the relative value of the other assessments. Next
to seeing the roll itself, the following extracts give the best
idea of the nature of its contents, keeping here and now the
contracted forms of the original.
Fifteenth and Tenth,
granted 6 Edw. III.
Crosseby Magna
D'lRico Fillesone
Ulj. 5.
D' Robtole White
llj. 9.
D' Alan fit Rogi
llj. s.
D' Witto fit Rogi
...» _.
Ulj. S.
D' Johe Saumon
llj. 5.
D' Rogfit Ade
llj. 5.
Sm*. XX
. s.
Knouselegh'
D' Rico de Rome
. • •
uj. §. iiij. a.
D' Robto de Wirhale ...
. . •
IJ. 5.
D* Adam le Sire
UJ. s.
D' Wittode Wyndhutt...
xvj. d.
D* Rico Fabro
xvj. d.
D' Adam de Moselegh ...
xvj. d.
D' Johe del Ryddegate...
llj. s.
D' Rico de Moselegh ...
ij. g. viij. d.
D' Rico de Stokelegh ...
IJ. 5. viij. a.
* Contraction for De meaning ** of," or "from."
INTRODUCTION
D' Rico fit Pymne
ij. g.
D' Rico de Snellestoii
llj. g. viij. a.
D' Johe de Stokkelegh
iij. g.
D* Johe Fox
ij. s.
D' Rico le Riche
iiij. g. iiij. a.
D' Robto Pye
«... •••• •
iiij. g. iiij. a.
Sm*. xl. g.
[ExcA, Lay Subsidies (Lancashire) 130/6]
xlv
The return which in point of fulness, and representation
of the entire county, exceeds any other, is one that belongs
to the year 1661, and is entitled (by an endorsement) " The
** free present money." This is a roll of eighty-eight large
membranes, generally in very good condition, though in parts
dirty and discoloured. The king's commission (crumpled
and dirty) thereto attached is tested at Westminster
8 August 13 Chas. 11. (1661), and directed to Francis lord
Seymour, chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Sir George
Middleton, Sir Richard Houghton, and many others. After
recital of the Act^ entitled " an Act for a free and voluntary
" Present to his Majesty," they are commanded to appoint
places to which persons may resort, in order " to make such
** oflTers or present to us as their own hearts shall prompt ;"
Provided that no person, not being a peer, shall exceed the
sum of two hundred Pounds, with other details which it is
not necessary to specify here more exactly. Hereunder
follows an extract which serves to show the character of the
entries.
[Endorsed] The free present money
SI XXMZ and perfect accompt of all such sommes of Money
as are paid or subscribed to bee paid towards the supply of
bis Ma**** pressing occasions Received by vertue of a
Comission to us whose names ^ are subscribed and others
directed under the great Scale of England in pursuance of
an Acte of Parliament Intituled an Acte for a free and
voluntary present to his Ma*^*^ according to the severall Dayes
and times they were paid and subscribed or taken before us
' Statute 13 Car. II. c. 4. See Statutes of the Realm, v. 307.
* These are : Thomas Norres, Cuthbert Ogle, Henry Codes.
I
xlvi INTRODUCTION
/ Comissioners for parte of the Hundred of West Derby as
followeth Anno R.R. Domini nostri Caroli secundi Dei gratia
Angliae &c. Decimo tertio Anno Domini 1661.
^3] LiVERPOOLE
ii"* i66i Henry Corles Maior of Liverpoole
Thomas Blackmore Alderman tenne shillings
Thomas Williamson Alderman tenne shillings
Raph Massam Alderman tenne shillings
Edward Williamson Alderman tenne shillings
Thomas Andoe Alderman tenne shiUings
Gilbert Formby Alderman tenne shillings
Rich : Peircivall Alderman tenne shillings
Alexander Greene Alderman tenne shillings ...
M^ John Chandler tenne shillings
M' Fogg Minister ten shillings
M'" : Strangewayes two shillings sixe pence
M" Walker five shillings
M" Byrd vid. five shillings
M' John Sturzaker three shillings
M" Williamson vid. two shillings sixe pence...
M*" William Bushel seaven shillings
M*" John Lurting two shillings
M' Edmond Lewesley one shilling sixe pence
* * * *
How general the contribution was may be seen by the
additions (or callings) of persons who subscribed in Tyldesley
with Shackerley the sums set against their names : —
Subscriptions taken at Leigh 26^^ Octob' 1661.
TiLDSLY cum Shakerley
Jennett Marsh vid. One shilling sixpence O: 1:6
Alice Smyth widow One shillinge ...'... ... o : i : O
John Parre husbandman One shillinge o : 1:0
Thomas Gellibrand husb' Two shillings O : 2:0
Henry Younge husband* sixpence O: 0:6
Will'm Partington yeoman One shilling sixpence o : i : 6
John Hurst laborer sixpence o: 0:6
Hughe Mokant Webster sixpence o: 0:6
Richard Wallwork Webster sixpence O: 0:6
Will'm Oliverson husbam sixpence o: 0:6
£
s.
d.
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
10
00
00
02
06
00
OS
00
00
05
00
00
03
00
00
02
06
00
07
00
00
02
00
00
01
06
*
INTRODUCTION
xlvii
Hi^he Parr chapman One shilHnge o
Edmund Cowper yeoman sixpence o
Issabell Maw widow One shillinge o
Alice Smyth widow sixpence o
Richard Lithgoe Webster sixpence o
Will'm Mather webster sixpence o
John Pendlebury Webster sixpence o
Mai^ery Mather widow sixpence o
John Marsh husb' One shilling o
Richard Meanley webster One shillinge o
John Woarke husb' sixpence o
Will'm Hoape shoemaker sixpence o
Richard Astley yeoman Three shiUings o
Thomas Mather bricklayer One shilling o
John Parr Juni' webster One shilling o
Thomas Battersby naylor One shilling o
Charles Dam port yeom' o
Will'm Vernon of Shakerly gentl* Tenne shillings o
I
o
I
o
o
o
o
o
I
I
o
o
3
I
I
I
I
lO
o
6
o
6
6
6
6
6
o
o
6
6
o
o
o
o
o
o
Totall
The totall
of this Roll is
oi : 14 : o6
/. s. d,
40 : 18 : 6
The sums of money thus given are entered in this order
for the several hundreds : — - /•
s.
Salford Hundred ...
Lonsdall Hundred
Amoundernes Hundred
Ley land Hundred...
Blackebome Hundred
Darby Hundred ...
[Signed]
II
4
8
6
8
3
399 19
456 14
167 19
94 2
381 I
262 15
George Middleton vie* com'
Tho. Grenehalgh
Nich. Penington
Seth Blackhurst
Nich. Mosley
John Bironi
Alixander Norres
[^Land ReTCuue (1872 Removal), ^^g-.]
d
xlviii INTRODUCTION
In the previous year (1660) under an Act,^ entitled "An
" Act for the speedy provision of money for disbanding and
" paying off the forces of this Kingdome both by Land and
" Sea," a scale of contributions was ordered to be made
by all persons, according to the ranks and degrees therein
specifically mentioned, from a duke downwards. Every
person with an estate in lands, leases, or otherwise, of ;^ 100
yearly value, to pay 40s, ; and so, proportionably at that
rate, but not to be charged under £^ yearly. The return
thereupon made for Blackburn Hundred is contained in a
large roll of 95 membranes, written on both sides : and, as
the charge upon every person, being single and above 16
years of age was 12-pence, and sixpence upon every other
person of what estate or degree soever, not named in the
Act, not receiving alms, and above 16, there is a long list of
names in each parish. The following extract is made from
the uppermost, or first membrane of the roll : —
September the 24**^ 1660
ACKRINGTON VETUS in the hundred
of Blackburne and County of Lane'.
John Kenion Grave
Edward Croston ) Assistants & Collect'
Henry Worsley )
The said Gnive and Assistants accordinge to the Charge
given at Padiham the 9^*^ Day of September instant of Divers
of the Comm" mentioned in an Act of Parliament made in
the 12*** yeare of the Raigne of Charles the Second Kinge
of England &c : Entituled an Act for the speedy provision
of money for disbandinge and payinge off of the forces of
this Kingdome both by Land and Sea doe Certifye touchinge
all the persons in the said Towne Chargeable by the said
Act as followeth —
Estates per annum
/. s. d.
/.
s.
d.
William Kenion
10
4
Ann his wife
••• •■• ••• •••
6
John Kenion
15
6
Isabel his wife ...
•*. ... ••• .•*
6
* Statute 12 Car. II. cap. 9. See Statutes of the Realnty v. 207.
INTRODUCTION
xlix
25
rdward Croston Gent ...
Elizabeth his wife
Richard Ay tough his servant ..
Estates per annum
/. s. d, L
o o
• • • • • •
>hn
800
800
yies
enry
imes
... 5
■ • • • •
... 5
• • • • a •
his house
o o
o o
X ^*jf sV^A ••• ••• ••• •••
Dorrothy his wife
/iddow Cunliffe
Nicholas her Sonne
Elizabeth her Servant
Richard Ken ion her Servant
and another man Servant . . .
Whitakar
Isabel his Servant
Worsley .
Elizabeth his wife
and Grace a singlewoman in
eorge Hargreves Clothier * .
Lettice his wife ...
James Roth well ... .
George Walmsley
Thomas Walmsley
and Ellen Fish his Servants
athaniel Ay tough
Elizabeth his wife
Hargreves Clothier .
Alice his wife ... .
Roger Riley
Henry Grimshaw his Servants
James Worsley a single man in his house
JL/Q>II13 Lv»I ••• ... ••• ••• ••• ...
Mary his wife
*****
*****
*****
Worthington Milner
Katherin his wife
and Isabel his mother in Law
imes Browne
Jennet his wife
d 2
• • • • • ■
obert
obert
o o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
J.
10
o
I
3
o
3
I
I
I
I
2
I
2
o
I
o
o
I
I
I
I
o
o
o
o
I
I
I
o
o
• • t « • •
o
o
o
o
o
d.
o
6
o
2
6
2
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
6
o
6
6
o
o
o
o
6
6
6
6
o
o
o
6
6
o 6
6
1 o
2 o
o 6
1 INTRODUCTION
/. s. d.
EdwardeMilner
006
Marie his wife
006
[This goes to the bottom of the skin, and on the dorse, as
follows]
The totall sum Charged vpon the Inhabitants £, s. d,
of Accrington vetus is Three poundes
thirteene shillings and Foure pence ... 313 04
The general summary (not keeping strictly to the form
or spelling of the original) is to this effect : —
Blackburn Hundred
£, s, d.
Poll-Money rolls, amounting in the total to the ^
^Ulil Ul ... ... ... ... *•. ... •*• » % » J t
Deducted for Collectors and Commissioners' 'i
clerks, according to the Act of Parliament,
two-pence per ;£^i sterling
Residue paid to George Chetham [here '
Cheetum] esq., sheriff of the county, " on
" and before the Nynteenth day of No-
" vember, 1660," by us
7 17 8
...
938 15 6
Com"
[Signed] Ric : Shuttleworthe '
Ric. Townleye
John Starkie
Tho : Braddyll
John Cunliffe
Ric. Waddington
Delivered by the hands of John Taylor of St Lawrence,
Lancashire, at the sign called the White horse
22 Dec. (1660) 13 Chas. II.
[Land Revenue (1872 Removal), f.]
Here then is matter sufficient for several volumes, if there
were any reason to suppose that the members of this
Society would care to have in print such details as are
above indicated. In the meantime, every one with the aid
INTRODUCTION li
of the foregoing Table (p. xxxix) may see — as before
remarked — what rolls to search, with a reasonable pro-
bability of finding the name of a family, known (or believed)
to have lived in a given place in any hundred at a particular
date, so far, of course, as any documents remain for that
period, or, if in existence, are now legible.
It is difficult to recall the stages, by which this volume has
attained to its present dimensions. In the first instance, Gcnciisof
when the examination of the entire set of documents was yoiume,
completed, a casual remark, made by the late Mr. Walford
D. Selby of the Public Record Office, upon the excessive
dryness of a mere table — for such and little else it will be,
see page xxxiii — of Subsidy-rolls, led me to consider the
possibility of attempting a general survey of the taxation of
this country from the granting of Magna Charta by king
John down to the end of the reign of Edward the First ; by
which time not only had parliaments been developed, but
the principle had been firmly laid down, that no tax should
be imposed upon the nation at large, without the assent of
the lords spiritual and temporal, and of the knights, citizens
and burgesses assembled in parliament. With a simplicity,
which I now acknowledge to have been fatuous, I gradually
accustomed myself to the idea ; and more easily, because
it happened that I was then engaged upon a work,^
requiring exhaustive search to be made of all records
belonging to the 26th year of Edward the First. By this
means, in addition to the special objects of inquiry, there
were brought to view details of taxation which would other-
wise have escaped notice ; and hence the inference was
naturally drawn that the like records of other years might
be equally productive. Here at once was opened a wide
field of investigation. Search of the Pipe Rolls followed
with the results to be seen at pp. 180, 187, 197, &c. More-
over there was always before me Blackstone's master-piece,
in which that eminent lawyer with admirable lucidity of
* Scotland in 1298. Documents relating to tlu campaign . . . ///
that year^ and especially to the Battle of Falkirk, Edited by Henry
Gough. Paisley and London, 1888, 4to.
Hi INTRODUCTION
method, and with an absolute wealth of references, had
traced the Great Charter from its original grant at Runimede
down to its lasting settlement.
In such manner as this the thing grew, and its growth was
stimulated by the task entrusted to me of searching, year by
year, all the Chancery rolls, with certain other records,
appertaining to the twenty-one concluding years of the reign
of Edward the First, in order to prove that king's itinerary.^
And all this time — for the years were running on — my
ordinary professional engagements caused me to be employed
at frequent intervals in searches connected with the previous
reign, when the official calendars of Patent and Close Rolls
of Henry III. were constantly in use. As dealing with this
period also, there was the history of Matthew Paris, supple-
mented by other chroniclers, as well as by the monastic
annalists ; all whose works have been printed in the series
of " Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland!^
It may be open to question, however, whether events, but
remotely connected with the title of this work, have not
been sometimes detailed at too great length, notwithstanding
that they invariably led up to, or proceeded from taxation.
Yet, when I look at the mass of notes and extracts which
steadily accumulated, and of which portions only were, or
could be, actually used, I am ready to apply the words of a
sometime Governor-General of India, and to avow that I am
" amazed at my moderation."
Two considerable digressions were caused by the alleged
grants of (i) a thirtieth, and (2) a fifteenth ; both upon
authority which at first sight appeared to be unimpeachable.
For the first of these (p. 55), Carte^ unreservedly states that
Matthew Paris was " grossly mistaken " in his narrative of
certain transactions in parliament, and quotes the Patent
Roll of the year 1242 (26 Hen. III.) to prove that " this very
Thirtieth " parliament made the king a grant of the thirtieth of all
" moveables throughout the realm." For the second (p. 78)
* Itinerary of King Edward the First from . . . 1286 to , . , 1307
&c. Edited by Henry Gough. [In the Press, and nearly ready for issue.]
" A General History of England (ii. 74) by Thomas Carte, an English-
man. London, 4 vols. 1747-1755, folio.
INTRODUCTION liii
the editors of Statutes of t/ie Realm are responsible, having
printed (vol. i. 28-31) the text of a Charter of Liberties
(supposed to have been) granted on the eleventh of February
37 Hen. III. (125 1-2) ; in return for which grant the arch- Fifteenth
bishops, bishops, earls, barons and others gave to the king a
fifteenth part of their moveable goods.
The section (217-224) assigned to the Statute de Tallagio^
non concedendo (concerning the not granting of tallage) may Sutute <&
perhaps be considered to lie outside the scope of " Lay '^^^^*
Subsidies." I have nevertheless inserted it, because the
question whether this is or is not a statute, has been left in
a very unsatisfactory state of doubt Mr. Dowell,^ on whom
was laid the necessity of ascertaining the last word that had
been said on the point, has this (vol. i. p. 57) : —
" Tallage now [in 1 332] fell into disuse. The articles usually known
as the * Statute de Tallagio non concedendo ' were, for a long time,
considered to have suppressed this form of levy [i.e. tallage], but are
now held to be an abstract, imperfect and unauthoritative, of the
Regent's act of confirmation of the pardon of Humfrey de Bohun and
Roger Bygod, the earls of Hereford and Gloucester."
Dr. Stubbs (now bishop of Oxford) is inclined — if I under-
stand him rightly^ — to regard as an Act the articles in Latin
beginning iV////«;;/ tallagiiim &c. (see p. 219), whereas they
can be proved to have been neither more nor less than
clauses, intended by the carls and their party to have been
added at the end of the Great Charter of 9 Hen. III. They
were sent with this end in view to Edward (who was then at
Ghent) for his confirmation, but, as the result shows, were
evidently rejected ; and the French form, known now as
Confirmatio Cartariim (p. 207), was employed in their stead.
' Here " tallage ' is used in a general sense for tax (see p. 1 14),
Tallage, properly so called, was a levy imposed by the king at will upon
his own demesnes, and upon cities and boroughs of the realm (see
p. 106).
- A History of Taxation and Taxes in England from the earliest
times^ &c., by Stephen Dowell. Second edition (4 vols.), London,
1888, 8vo.
• Tfie Constitutional History of England (vol. ii. p. 155) by William
Stubbs, D.D.Oxford, 1888, 8vo. I recognize here the source of Mr.
Doweirs information above-quoted.
liv INTRODUCTION
However, I need not inflict the story upon the reader a
second time. It comforts me to know that there is no need
for him to read it even in its place (217-224).
After stating the amount received from each tax in
Compara- LANCASHIRE, it occurred to me that it would be well to
^^P^f"^^ compile (what I have called) a " Comparative Table of
ceipts. Receipts," showing the sums raised at the same time in
other counties ; and for this purpose it seemed convenient
to adopt the boundary line common to early records, and
to form the counties into two groups, North and South,
respectively, of the river Trent. And, as in every instance
a plain reference is given, it is obvious that a county which
does not appear in this table can be readily found, and its
separate receipt ascertained without delay or difficulty.
It is probable enough that the belief which I have dared
Carucage to express (p. 1 32) as to carucage having been — at least in
the reign of Henry the Third — a tax laid upon the plough^
will be derided as inherently absurd, and so forth. Perhaps
my omniscient critic will at the same time explain in what
other sense is to be understood the testimony of Ralph
Coggeshall who says, of a carucage levied in (1200) the
beginning of John's reign : —
There' went forth an edict by the king's justices throughout the
whole of England, that every plough actually working {quc^libet caruca
arans) should pay three shillings. No wonder that this grievous
exaction very sorely weakened the people of the land, when it had been
shortly preceded by a burdensome levy of scutage ; for two marks
[26s. MJ] were paid, whereas never before had been required more than
twenty shillings on a knight's fee.
It has always been a wonder to me that writers should be
so sensitive about reviews of their works. When they reflect
upon the persons who may sit in judgment upon them, they
ought to take courage. Why even I — if I dare imitate a
^ Exili ergo cdictum a justitiaris regis per universam Angliam^ ut
qucclibet caruca arans ires persolveret solidos : qua nimirum gravis
exactio valde populum terrce extenuavit^ cum antea gravis exactio
scufagii pnecessisset. Nam ad scutum duce marcce persoivebantur^ cum
nunquam amplius quam viginti solidi ad scutum exigerentur. \Radulphi
^^ Coggeshalc Chronicon Anglicanum (ed. Stevenson), London, 1875,
8v'o. ; pp. loi, 102.]
INTRODUCTION Iv
well-known pressman I may say, moi qui vous park — have
been a reviewer, and I remember on one occasion to have
received instructions from my editor to notice a particular
work. This I proceeded to do upon its merits, or rather
demerits. Thereupon the author wrote to the editor: —
' Really your review of my book transcends the bounds of
" legitimate criticism " ; and, after proceeding in that strain,
he wound up by saying : — " But there, I suppose I must
" forgive you because, being Ascot week, you probably
" wanted to produce a racey article.**
It would be, indeed, ungrateful of me to conclude what I
have had to say here, without adding in brief a warm and
most hearty acknowledgment of the help afforded by Messrs.
Wymans' representative, Mr. Leonard, whose acquaintance
I made when engaged upon vol. iii of this SociKTV's publi-
cations. Under severe trials which I have given him of
fussiness and peculiarity, now in type, now in punctuation,
now in arrangement, his unruffled serenity and unvarying
^[ood temper have been absolutely beyond praise. Through
him that, which otherwise has been a most laborious and
burdensome task — self-imposed, no doubt to a great extent,
as I have already admitted (p. li)— in very deed, the plague
and worry of my existence for many years, has been
materially lightened, and rendered possible of endurance.
Finally, all language fails to express a tithe of my thank-
fulness at being able to write the last words to this
Introduction.
J. A. C. V.
6i, Lincoln's Inn Fiklds,
15 A fay 1894.
Ivi
Index of Names
*J^ The italic letter h after the page signifies tt^e ; thus xxm = page xx na/^.
A'Beckett, G. A- ; viif
Abel, John ; xxix
Albemarle, Isabella countess of ; xxii
Alianor, dau. of king John ; xvi
Andoe, Thomas ; xlvi
Anne, Queen ; vii«
ap Gweynor, Owen ; xvii
Astley, Richard ; xlvii
AthertOQ, Sir John ; xxxiii
Aytuugh, Nath. & Elizabeth ; xlix
Aytough, Richard ; xlix
Banastre, Richard, Robert, Warin &
Thurstan ; xvii
Banister, Robert & Mary ; xlix
Battersby, Thomas ; xlvii
Beckett. See A'Beckeit
Bck, Tho. (bishop) ; xxvi, xxvii
Berkeley family : Maurice and Tho.
lords Berkeley ; xxx
Birom, John ; xlvii
Blackhurst, Seth ; xlvii
Blackmore, Thomas ; xlvi
Blackstone, Sir Wm. ; viw, viii, ix«,
xii, xiv, XV, xviii, xix, U
Bohun, Humfrey de; liii
Bolde, Richard ; xxxiii
Bond, John, J. ; xxiiiw
Braddyll, Thomas ; 1
Brady, Dr. ; xviii
Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeologi-
cal Society ; xxx n
Browne, Tames & Jennet ; xlix
Bushel, William ; xlvi
Butler, Sir Thomas ; xxxiii
Bygod, Roger ; liii
Byrd, Mrs. ; xlvi
Canoe, Du ; xxi, xxi n
Caesar's Chapel ; xxx
Carte (Thomas) ; xv ; Hi, lii h
Chandler, John ; xlvi
Charles I. ; Subsidies ; xli
Charles II. ; xxxlir ; Subsidies, xli,
xlii ; Free Present Money, xlv j
Tax in 1660, xlviii
Chau, De la ; xxii
Chetbam, George (sheriff) ; 1
Clarke (Stephen R.) ; xxxv, xxxvn
Coggeshall, Ralph; xiiii», liv, \iv h
Corbould, H. ; vi
Corles, Henry (mayor of Liverpool) ;
xlv If, xlvi
Cowper, Edmund ; xlvii
Creasy, Sir Edw. S. ; xiv, xv
Croston, Edward ; xlviii
Croston, Edward & Elizabeth ; xlix
Cunliffe, John ; 1
Cunliffe, Widow ; Nicholas her son,
Elizabeth her servant ; xlix
Damport, Charles; xlvii
D*Ecke (Deecke) Mons. ; xxii
De la Chau (Shau, Shaw, &c.); xxii
Dowell, Stephen ; liii, liii n
Du Cange ; xxi, xxi/f
Durand (ed.) ; xiii
Edward the First ; xv, xvii, xviii n,
xxi, xxi n ; Exchequer in 1 298,
xxviii, li ; campaign in 1298, Mn^
his itinerary, lii, lii n ; at Ghent,
hn
Edward II. ; xviii n
Edward III. ; xviii m; Subsidies, xxxix;
20th, xliii ; 15th & loth, xliv
£xiward VI. ; first pa)mient of relief,
xxxiii ; Subsidies, xl
Elizabeth, Queen ; xxiiiif ; her regnal
year, xxv, xxixn ; her annual reve-
nue, xxix ; Subsidies in her reign, xl
Faber, Ricardus ; xliv
fil. Ade, Rogerus ; xliv
fil. Pymne, Ricardus ; xlv
fil. Rogeri, Alanus et WilPmus ; xliv
INDEX OF NAMES
Ivii
Pillesone, Richard ; xliv
Fish, Ellen ; xlix
Fitton (Fyton), Sir Edw. & Alice ; xxiii
Fitton <Phyton), Edward ; xxiii
Fitton, Mary; xxiii «
Fogg, Rev. [John] ; xlvi
Formby, Gilbert ; xlvi
Fox, John ; xlv
Gee, Edmund (mayor of Liverpool) ;
xxxiiiif
Gellibrand, Thomas ; xlvi
Genurd, Sir Thomas ; xxxiii
Gloucester, carl of ; liii
Goldsmith (Oliver) ; xv
Gough, Henry ; li «, lii n
Grace a single woman ; xlix
Green, J. R. ; vi, xiii, xv
Greene, Alexander ; xlvi
Grenehalgb, Thomas; xlvii
Grimshaw, Henry ; xlix
Guala, Cardinal ; xiv
Gweynor, Owen ap ; xvii
Hardy, Sir Thomas ; xi, xi/f, xiiiff,
xix, xxiv, XXV
Hardy, W. J. ; v«
Harengod, Stephen ; xii n
Hargreves, Geo. & Lettice ; xlix
Hargreves, James & Alice ; xlix
Henry III. ; his Great Charter, xiv,
XV, liii ; his father*s body laid
(1232) in a new sarcophagus, xvi ;
bis letter, xx ; Patent and Close
Rolls, lii ; carucage, liv
Henry VHI. ; Subsidies, xxxix, xliii
Hereford, earl of ; liii
Hoape, William ; xlvii
Holcroft, Alice dau. of Sir John ; xxiii »
Houghton, Sir Richard ; xlv
Hume (David) ; xv
Hunter, Rev. J. ; xxxi
Hurst, John ; xlvi
James the First; \\xn; Subsidies in
his reign ; xl, xli
John, king; he did not sigfi Maj;na
Charta, v ; his arms, vi ; his seal,
ix ; his Itinerary, xi ; his tomb, xv ;
Great Charter, v-xv, li, lii ; car-
ucage, liv
Irlande, Laurence ; xxxiii
Keightley (Thomas) ; xv
Kenion; John, xlviii; John and Isabel,
xlviii
Kenion, Richard ; xlix
Kenion, William & Ann ; xlviii
La Chaux (Lassaux, Leschault) ; xxii
Lancaster, Duchy of ; xlv
Lardner, Dr. ; vin
Legh, Sir Peres; xxxiii
Leonard, Mr. ; Iv
le Riche, Ricardus ; xlv
le Sire, Adam ; xliv
Lewesley, Edmond ; xlvi
le White, Robertus ; xliv
Llewellyn (the elder) ; xvii
Lingard (John) ; xv
Lithgoe, Richard ; xlvii
Louth, Gilbert of; xxiv
Luard, Dr. ; viiiif, xiin, xiiiii, xxviif,
xxviiif
Ludlowe, Edw. & Maud ; xxvii
Lurting, John ; xlvi
Lyitleion, G. C. ; v, xv
Mackintosh, Sir Jas. ; vi«, xv
Maclean, Sir John; xxx«
Madox, Thomas ; v, v«, xxi«
Mareschal, Wm. ; earl of Pembroke ;
viii, xiv
Marsh, Jennett ; xlvi
Marsh, John ; xlvii
Martene, (ed.) ; xiiin
Massam, Ralph ; xlvi
Mather ; Margery, Tho. & Wm. ; xlvii
Matthew Paris; vi«, vii, viii/f, xvii, lii
Maw, Isabel ; xlvii
Meanley, Richard; xlvii
Michael [de Hispania] ; xxiif
Middleton, Sir George ; xlv. xlvii
M liner, Edward & Marie ; 1
Mokant, Hugh ; xlvi
Moselegh, Adam de ; xliv
Moselegh, Richard de ; xliv
Mosley, Nicholas ; xlvii
NicousoN, Bishop ; xviii, xviii n
Norres, Alexander ; xlvii
Norres, Thomas ; xlv«
Norres, Sir William ; xxxiii
Ogle, Cuthbert ; xlv«
Okham, Nicholas de ; xxix
Oliverson, William ; xlvi
Ottobuoni (papal legate) ; xxvii
CXtringham, John son of Martin dc ;
xxii
Owen ap Gweynor ; xvii
Paris. See Matthew Paris
Parker, James ; xv, xvi
Parr, Hugh ; xlvii
Parre (Parr), John ; xlvi ; John junior j
xlvii
Partington, William ; xlvi
Peircivall, Richard ; xlvi
Pembroke, Wm. Mareschal earl of;
viii, xiv
Pendlebury, John ; xlvii
Penington, Nicholas ; xlvii
Phyion (Fitton), Edward; xxiii
Plantagcnct arms ; vi
Iviii
INDEX OF NAMES
Pokelington, Remigius de ; Dionisia
his wife, Ro^er his son, and Sibil
his dau. ; xxii
Prynne ( Wm. ) ; xxx, xxxi, xxxi n
Pye, Robert ; xlv
Pymne, Ric fil. ; xlv
Radeclyve. John dc ; xliv
Religious Tract Society ; v«
Riclurd I ; (in the Holy Land) xvii
Richard II. ; his signature the earliest
of any English sovereign, vii ;
xviii H ; Poll-tax, xxxix
Riche, Richard le ; xlv
Riley, Roger; xlix
Rivington, James ; xlii
Roger of Wendover ; vi n
Rome, Ricardus de ; xliv
Rothwell, James ; xlix
Ryddegate, John del ; xliv
Rymer, xiin, xv, xxi, xxi n
Saumon, John ; xliv
Scipperus, Skipperus ; xxii
Selby, W.D. ; li
Seymour, Francis lord ; xlv
Shakspere ; xxiii/t
Shau (Shaw), De la ; xxii
Shirbume, Robert de ; xliv
Shuttleworthe, Richard ; 1
Sire, Adam le ; xliv
Smyth, Alice ; xlvi, xlvii
Smyth, John (of Nibley) ; xxx
Snellestone, Richard de ; xlv
Soulche, Souche, Sauche, De la ; xxii
Starkie, John ; 1
Stevenson (ed.) ; liv n
Stokelegh, Richard de ; xliv
Stokkelegh, John de ; xlv
Strangewayes [William], Mr. xlvi
Stubbs, Dr. ; liii, liii n
Sturzaker, John ; xlvi
Taylor, John ; I
Taylor, John & Dorothy ; xlix
Thomas, E. C. ; xx
Thomas, F. S. ; v, v», xxii, xxiiff
Tovey ; xxi
T«iwnleye, Richard ; 1
Tracy, Henry He Elizabeth ; xxiii
TrafTord (Trayfort), Sir Edmund ; xxiii
Turner, Sharon ; xv
Vernon, William ; xlvii
Waddington, Richard ; 1
Walker, Mrs. ; xlvi
Wall work, Richard ; xlvi
Walmsley, George & Thomas ; xlix
Wendover, Roger of ; vi «
Westereis, or Welshmen of Wsurin
Banastre ; xvii
Whitakar, Giles ; & Isabel his servant ;
xlix
White, Robertus le ; xliv
William [le Poure] ; xxi«
Wilbraham, Thomas & Richard ; xxiii
William the Conqueror ; vii«, xvii
Williamson, Tho. & Edw. ; xlvi
Williamson, Mrs. ; xlvi
Willoughby, Philip de ; xxiv
Wirhale, Robertus de ; xliv
Woarke, John ; xlvii
Worsley, Henry ; xlviii ; Henry &
Elizabeth, xlix
Worsley, James ; xlix
W*orthington, Robert ; Kalherine his
wife and Isabel his mother-in-law;
xlix
Wykes, Thomas ; xxvii, xxvii n
Wylbram, Thomas ; xxiii
Wyman, Messrs. ; Iv
Wyndhull, William de ; xliv
YoUNGE, Henry ; xlvi
lix
Table of Taxation
Henry the Third
Anno Anno
Domini Rkgni
I217 2
2 A Fifteenth of Moveable Goods
Charter of Liberties granted .
Charter of Liberties renewed
Fifteenth given in return
1224-5 9 A Fifteenth of Moveable Goods
Charter of Liberties regranted
Amount received in Lancashire
Total Receipt in England
1232 16 A Fortieth of Moveable Goods
Amount received in Lancashire
Total Receipt in England
1236-7 21 A Thirtieth of Moveable Goods
Total Receipt in England
Amount received in Lancashire
Alleged grant of a Thirtieth
Summary of Taxes in this reign
1269 53 A Twentieth in aid of the Holy Land
A supposed Charter of Liberties
Aid for knighting king's eldest son
Accompt of the Twentieth
Amount received in Lancashire...
Total Receipt in England
Tallage defined
Tallage in Lancashire, 23 Hen. H.
II Hen. Ill
45 Hen. Ill
Tallage of the Jews
SCUTAGE defined
Of the Honour of Lancaster
Aid due to the king of right
Other lords had Aid from tenants
Carucage defined
Carucage of 1220 ...
Carucage of 1 224
FAGB
I
2
6
7
9
10
16
18
30
41
41
44
49
50
55
70
71
78
87
100
101
104
106
108
107
no
III
115
120
126
127
129
132
138
^ This serves also as a Table of Contents. For more details of each
;'« reign, turn to the General Index under the name of Henry (p. 285),
or of Edward (p. 278).
TABLE. OF TAXATION
Edward the First
1294
I29S
1275 3 A Fifteenth of Moveable Goods
Accompt of Fifteenth
Amount received in Lancashir<
1277 5 SCUTAGE OF WaLES
Return made for CHESHIRE
Honour of Lancaster exempt
1282 10 ScuTAiiE Of Wales
Honour of Lancaster exempt
1282-3 '• A Thirtieth of Moveable Goods
Expenses of Welsh CNpedition
Thirtielh received m Lancashire
1290 r8 A K(FTEENTH of Moveable Goods
Banishment of the Jews ...
Their houses, rents, &c. sold
Accompt of the Fifteenth
Amount received in Lancashire
Comparative Table of Receipls.
22 Tenth and Sixth of Moveable Goods
Amount received in Lancashire
Comparative Table of Receipts...
Eleventh and Seventh of Moveable Goods
Amount Received in Lanc.ishire
Comparaiive Table of Receipts,
1296 25 Twelfth and Ejghth of Moveable Goods .
Extracts from Receipt-roil
Amount received in Lancashire
Comparative Table of Receipts...
1297 3S A Ninth of Moveable Goods
Eighth and F fth revoked ...
King's expedition to Flanders ...
His dispute with the two earls, &c.
Statute, Confirmalio Cartarum...
Insi'KXImus of the two Charters
Ninth received m Lancashire
Comparative Table of Receipts
1 297 25 Statutk de lallagio non conceiUnda ...
Not found upon any authentic roll
1300-1 29 A Fifteenth of Moveable Goods ...
StaAalt, ArtKuli super Cartas ...
NSPEXiMus of the two Charters
The Charters finally confirmed
Fifteenth received in Lancashire
Comparative Table of Receipts...
238
TABLE OF TAXATION 1x1
Ajtfvo Amvo
Domwi RacMi pagb
1502 31 Aid to marry the king's eldest daughter 239
Estreats of Knights' fees in Lancashire ... 241
Comparative Table of Receipts 248
'304 32 Tallage in Cities, Boroughs and Royal demesnes... 249
Extracts from Receipt-roll 250
Accompt of Tallage in divers counties 252
Same in the City of London 253
1306 34 Thirtieth and Twentieth of Moveable Goods ... 253
Aid for knighting the king's son 254
Extracts from Receipt- roll 258
Accompt of the 30th and 20th 259
Amount received in Lancashire 261
Comparative Table of Receipts I. 262
Scutage of the Army against the Scots 262
1300 28 General Muster at Carlisle 262
Levy in Lancashire 263
1302 31 General Muster at Berwick 263
Levy in Lancashire 263
1306 34 General Muster at Carlisle 263
Knights made with the Prince of Wales ... 264
Levy in Lancashire 266
1307 35 Edward's death 266
Ixii
CORRECTIONS
Page 52, line 12 from bottom, for Torond^ read Toroud^
95, line 4 from bottom, for sacrameniam^ read sacramentum.
117, line 21 for satisfaciant^ read satufaciat.
125, line 2 for Dancastt^^ read Lancastt^,
126, line 15 from bottom, for 30 -fi'^w. ///. read 20 -fft/w. ///.
128, line 4 for eJffUat^ read efficax.
137, line 14 from bottom, for Minnyel^ read Mimmes.
137, line 15 from bottom, for BilUg\ read Bisse^,
183, line 16 from bottom, for effaciter^ read eJffUaciter.
216, line 5 from bottom, for Hereford^ read Hertford,
236, line II for ii^^, read a/>.
254, line 8 of notes, for ejse^ read esse,
255, line 1 1 of notes, after to have^ insert been.
3Lanca0i)ire
Henry the Third
(28 October 12 16-16 November 1272)
6 Nov.
1217.
^ j^itttmW of Motttahle <Boo2r0
(*)
In a Great Council holden 6 Nov. 1 2 17 at Saint Paurs, a«»2»
London, the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, ^^"; ^^^"
barons, free tenants and all others {libere tenentes et omnes
de regno) granted to the King a Fifteenth of their move-
able goods, in return for the Confirmation of the liberties
granted in the Great Charter and the Charter of the Forest.
Magna Charta extorted from \iVCi%John was inwardly regarded by
that monarch as a temporary measure, the obligations of which he never
intended to fulfil ; and he in a short time procured the issue of a papal
bull (24 Aug. 121 5), which vacated the whole document and prohibited
its observance by either party. This act led to open war ; and the king
having by means of foreign troops obtained great advantages over the
barons, these called to their aid Louis the dauphin of France^ who landed
in England on the 21st of May 12 16. While the country was rent with
these quarrels, y^?^/! died (not without suspicion of poison) 19 Oct. 12 16
at Newark ; and his body was carried to Worcester and buried' within the
* No documents found for Lancashire.
' The altar-tomb, now in the middle of the choir, is of a date long
subsequent to his decease, and supposed to have been made at the time
that the chantry-chapel and tomb of Prince Arthur (who died 2 April
B
..i-.
2 LANXASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
cathedral at its eastern end. This done, the few notable persons who
rallied round the young king, at the head of whom were Guala^ the pope's
legate and William Mareschal earl oi Pembroke, assisted at his coronation,'
which took place at Gloucester on the feast-day of SS. Simon and Jude
the 28th of October ; from which date the reign of Henry the Third began.
The first thought was to obtain a renewal of the liberties granted by the
late king. Within as short a time as possible a Council was summoned
by Guala} the legate, or (as Blackstone^ says) by the earl of Pembroke^
to meet at Bristol on the feast of Saint Martin following (11 Nov. 12 16).
A minute and interesting account of these proceedings is furnished by a
letter (not dated), written as from the young king himself to his justiciar
oi Ireland} After relating the death and burial of his father and his own
1502), eldest son of Henry V 11, , vf ere erected. The slab with effigy is
alone original, and must have been removed with the body from the
former place of interment. [See Stothard's Monumental Effigies of Great
Britain^ Plate vi.] The date of this part can be assigned with certainty
to the year 1232, from a passage in the Annals of Tewkesbury {Ann,
Mon. ed. Luard, i. 84) to this effect : — The body of king fohn was put
into a new sarcophagus {Johannes rex Anglie ponitur in novo sarcofago
die Sancti Dunstani) on Saint Dunstafis day (19 May) in the presence
of king Henry his son, Alianor his daughter (then widow of William
Mareschal the younger earl of Pembroke\ Hubert de Burgh and many
others j among whom was Robert (late prior) abbot-elect of Tewkesbury^
who was presented by Henry at Worcester to the bishop on the following
day (20 May) being Ascension-day \Monasticon (new ed.), ii. 81]. The
itinerary of the king, proved by the Chancery rolls of 16 Hen. III.,
confirms the statement that he was on those very days in that year
(1232) at Worcester.
^ Guala Bicchieri. See a note by Dr. Luard {Matt. Paris. Chronica
Majora, vii. Preface, xxi.), that "to the money obtained [by him] in
England the great church of St. Andrea, Vercelli, is due. To this day
the street by that church is called * Strada Guala Bicchieri.' " See also
Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia (Chronicles and Memorials &c.),
"• ZZlt^ note 2.
' He was crowned a second time on the day of Pentecost (17 May)
1220 in the presence of Pandulf the legate. Stephen archbishop of
Canterbury^ surrounded by his suffragans and other prelates with very
many magnates in S. Peter^s church, Westminster, having received the
oath of Henry to guard the church, and to keep the peace and good laws
of the kingdom, crowned him diademate sanctissimi regis Edwardi, the
young king (bom i Oct. 1207, p. 35) being then in his 13th year {tertio
decimo non tunc ex toto completo). [ Walter of Coventry (ed. Stubbs),
ii. 244 ]
' " nee multo post Gualo legatus concilium celebravit apud BristoW
infestivitate Sancti Martini in quo^^ etc. [Annal. WaverL A.D. 1216.]
* The Great Charter &c. (1759) Introduction, xxvii.
* Close Roily I Hen, 1 1 1, w. 25 dorso ; printed in Rymer's Foedera^ i. 145.
HENRY THE THIRD
coronation, and expressing a firm resolve on his part to extirpate all
evil customs, and by renewal of liberties and free customs to recreate
the happy days of his progenitors {dies nobilium patrum nostrorum
refortnare graciosos\ bestowing on every one that which he can in reason
demand, the king proceeds : —
^^ Ad hoc sdatis quod ceUhrato nuper concilio apud BristolP ubi con-
venerutU umversi Anglie firelati i£un episcopi abbates quam priores et
mulH tarn comites quam barones qui eciam universaliter fidelitatem nobis
PupUce facienUs concessis eis libertcUibus et liberis consuetudinibus ab eis
prius postulatis et ipsis approbcUis prompti et proni ad mandatum nos-
trum in partes suas cum gaudio sunt reversi Speramus quidem etc.
Retinuimus adhuc nobiscum Radulphum de Norwid ut de hits et aliis per
ipsum voluntatem nostram pienius vobis significemus Volentes ut eisdem
vos et ceteri fideles nostri Hibemie^ gaudeatis libertatibus quas fidelibus
nostris de regno Anglie concessimus et illas vobis concedemus et conjirm-
abimus Teste etcJ*
In order to show the connection between the Charter oi John and
that oi g Hen. III. which was finally incorporated in the Statute-book,
one must begin with the Articles first agreed upon, and then embodied
in the form of a charter ; but extracting only such clauses as relate to
taxation. «
Articles
[Clause 32] " A^^* scutagium vel
auxiliumponatur in regno nisi per
commune consilium regni nisi ad
corpus regis redimendum et primo-
genitum Jilium suum militem faci-
endum etJUictm suamprimogenitam
semel maritandam et ad hoc ficU
rationoMle auxilium Simili modo
fiat de taillagiis et auxiliis de civi-
tate Londori et de aliis civitatibus
que inde hcdfent libertates et ut
civitas Londofi plene habeat anti-
qu€U libertates et liberas consuetu-
dines suas tarn per aquas quam per
terrasi*
Magna Charta
[12] ^^ Nullum'* scutagium vel
auMium ponatur in Regno nostro
nisi per commune consilium Regni
nostri nisi ad corpus nostrum redi-
mendum et primogenitum Jilium
nostrum militem Jaciendum et ad
Jiliam nostram primogenitam semel
maritandam et ad hec nonjiat nisi
racionabile aujdlium Simili modo
Jiat de auxiliis de Civitate London^
Et civitas London^ etc. Dat^ per
Manum nostram in prato quod
vocatur Ronimede^ inter Windleso-
rum et Star^es\ Quinto decimo* die
Junij Anno Regni nostri Decimo
SeptimoP
* This promise was fulfilled by the grant of the charter mentioned
below (p. 5).
* Copied from the original in the British Museum.
* Runing^ed'. Blackstone,
* The Great Charter was dated on Monday 15 June 121 5, although
the conference between the king and the barons was not concluded till
Friday 19 June.
B 2
4 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
One very important provision which does not appear in the Articles
was inserted in the Charter. By this the king undertook ; that for the
assessment of any aid or scutage, other than in the three cases before
laid down [cl. 12], a General Council should be summoned after ample
notice given ; that such summons should include not only the prelates
and great barons but all those who held of the king in chief; and that
the assembly should be held at a certain day and place to be definitely
appointed beforehand. The tenor of it runs thus : —
[14] Et ad habendum commune consilium regni de auxilio assidendo
aliter quam in tribus casibus predictis vel de scutagio assidendo sum-
moneri faciemus archiepiscopos episcopos abbates comites et majores
barones sigillatim per littered nostras et preterea faciemus summoneri in
generali per vicecomites et bcUlivos nostros omnes illos qui de nobis tenent
in capite ad cerium diem scilicet ad terminum quadraginta dierum ad
minus et ad cerium locum et in omnibus litteris illius summonicionis
causam summonicionis exprimemus et sic facta summonicione negocium
ad diem assignatum procedcU secundum consilium illorum qui presentes
^fiierint quamvis non omnes summoniti venerint,
, In the words here quoted may be traced "the clear original of our
Upper House of Parliament, consisting of lords spiritual and temporal,"
and further, ** the principle of representation," as afterwards developed
in the House of Commons.^
In the first Great Charter of this reig^, granted at Bristol, and
dated 12 Nov. 12 16, certain matters which could not then be decided
were postponed till further deliberation could be had. Amongst these
was the mode of levying scutages, &c. ; and the concluding sentence
runs thus : —
" Quia^ vero quedam capitula in priore carta continebantur que gravia
et dubitabilia videbantur scilicet de scutagiis et auxiliis assidendis
de debitis fudeorum etc. placuit suprcuiictis prelcUis et magnatibus ea esse
in respectu quousque plenius consilium habuerimus et tunc faciemus
plenissime tam de hiis quam de aliis que occurrerint emendcmda que ad
communcm omnium utilitatem pertinuerint et pacem et stcUum nostrum
et regni nostri Quia vero sigillum nondum hzbuimus presentem cartam
sigiliis venerabilis patris nostri domini GucUonis tituli sancti Martini
presbiteri cardinalis apostolice sedis legati et Willielmi Mariscalli comitis
Penbro/^ rectoris^ nostri et regni nostri fecimus sigillari Testibus omni-
bus prenominatis et aliis multis Daf per manus predictorum domini
legati et Willielmi Mariscalli comitis Penbr* apud Bristollum duodecimo
die Novembris anno regni nostri primo,
* Creasy (Sir Edw. S.) — Rise and Progress of the English Constitution,
Fourth edition (1858), 186-188.
' Printed by Blackstone from the original in the archives of Durham
cathedral. The Great Charter^ &c. 35.
' The earliest date, on which the form " rectoris^ &c. is used in the
HENRY THE THIRD 5
There can be little doabc that the sittings of the council lasted for
several dayis foUowing the feast of Saint Martin^ and that the charter
was antedated 12 November, as had been before done m'xih Johns Great
Charter (page 3, note 4) ; for William Maresckal is st>-led ^justiaarii
nostri^ on the Patent Roll (i Hen, III. m. 16) from the first to the
fourteenth of November. After this latter date only is found on the
Chancery rolls, as already pointed out (page 4, note 3), the form " rectoris
nostri et regni nostril which is enplo>'ed above in the words relating to
the charter being put under seaL
A Charter of Liberties bearing the same date and of similar tenor
was granted to Ireland, and is yet on record in the Red Book of the
Exchequer^ at Dublin. The writ which relates to it, dated 6 Feb. 12 16-
17, is inroUed on the Patent Roll (i Hen, III. m. 13), and wills that the
Irish people shall enjoy for ever the same liberties as had been granted
to the realm of England {Jibertatidus regno nostro Anglie apcUre et nobis
concessis) by the king's father and by himself
On the 23rd of June foUowing (121 7) writs were issued to the several
sheriffii in England, commanding them to have the chsuter of liberties
read publicly at some day and place in the county to be appointed, and
to cause those liberties to be firmly observed by all the king^s lieges.
The form is addressed to the sheriff of Worcestershire and runs thus : —
^^ Precipimus tibi quod die et loco comitatus tui legi facias cartam liber-
tatum quas Baronibus et omnibus aliis de regno nostro per commune
consilium regni nostri concessimus et quam dominus legatus sigillo suo
confirmavit et libertates in carta ipsa contentas omnibus Jidelibus nostris
firmiter facias observari in Balliva tua. Quia vero nondum etc,
T, Comite apud Certe^eye\ xxiij iie Junii anno regni nostri primo^^
{Close Policy I Hen. III. w. 15 dorso; printed in Pot. Litt, Ciaus. i. 336.]
When the earl of Pembroke^ as the young king's guardian and
governor' of the realm, by moderation and well-timed concessions had
gradually won the refractory barons over to their allegiance, the party of
the French prince became so weakened by their desertion, and also by
serious reverses in the field, that their leader was glad to come to terms
Patent Roll of this year, is 19 November (/«. 16); and in the Close Roll^
20 November (m, 25).
* Printed in Historic and Municipal Documents of Irelcmd^ edited by
J. T. Gilbert (1870), p. 65.
' Of this roll there are awkwardly said to be parts i and 2. The
fact is that the roll exists in duplicate, as stated in a contemporary hand
on the dorse of the membranes : — ^^pars unica dupiicataJ^
• Rector being Englished "governor." Thus the Patent Roll
(36 Hen. VIII. part 8, m, 12) : — " T. Katerina Anglie Regina ac generali
Rcctrice ejusdem apud Hampton^ Courte quarto die Augusti*^ " Witnes
our derest and most entierly beloved wyffe Kateryne Quene of England
and generali Govemes'se of the same at Hampton' Courte the fourth day
of August**
6 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
in September 12 17 {Foedera^ i. 148). Peace being at length concluded
between Henry and LauiSy and those special internal troubles allayed,
further deliberation (as before promised) was had on the questions left
open by the former council. The king renewed at Saint Paui\ London,
the Charter of Liberties, and granted also a Charter of the Forest, each
bearing date 6 Nov. 1217. Several ancient 'copies of these remain, but
no two are literally and exactly alike. After careful comparison of
several manuscripts in XiiQ Harietan oollection, the text of No. 11 20 is
chosen for use in the subjoined extracts : —
Henricus Dei gracia rex Anglie dominus Hibemie dux Aquitanie et
fformannie comes Andegavie archiepiscopis episcopis abbatibus prioribus
etc. salutepn Sciatts quod intuitu Dei et pro salute anime nostre et anima-
rum antecessorum et successorum nostrorum ad exaltacionem sancte
ecclesie et emendacionem regni nostri spontanea et bona voluntate nostra
(oncessimus et hac presenti carta nostra confirmavimus pro nobis et
heredibus nostris inperpetuum de consilio venerabilis patris nostri GucUP
tituli sancti Martini presbiteri cardinalis et apostolice sedis legati domini
WcUteri Ebor^ circhiepiscopi et aiiorum episcoporum Anglie WilPi
Marescalli Comitis PenbroU rectoris nostri et regni nostri et aiiorum
fidelium comitum et baronum nostrorum Anglie has libertates subscriptas
tenendas in regno nostro Anglie inperpetuum
In Primis concessimus Deo et hac presenti carta nostra confirmavimus
pro nobis et heredibus nostris inperpetuum Quod Anglicana ecclesia libera
sit et habeat jura sua Integra et libertates suas illesas Concessimus eciam
omnibus liberis regni nostri pro nobis ft heredibus nostris inperpetuum
omnes libertates subscriptas habendas et tenendas eis et heredibus suis de
nobis et heredibus nostris inperpetuum Si quis comitum vel baronum
nostrorum etc.
ScUtagium decetero. capiatur sicut capi consuevit tempore H. regis etui
nostri salvis archiepiscopis episcopis abbatibus prioribus templariis hospi-
talariis comitibus baronibus militibus et omnibus aliis tarn personis eccle-
siasticis quam secularibus libertatibus et liberis consuetudinibus suis quas
prius habuerunt Omnes autem istas consuetudines predictas [et libertates\
quas concessimus in regno nostro tenendcu quantum ad nos pertinet et
erga heredes nostros omnes de regno nostro tarn layci quam clerici obser-
vent quantum cut se petiinet et erga suos Pro hac autem donacione et
concessione libertatum istarum et aliarum contentarum in cartis nostris
de libertatibus et forest e^ archiepiscopi episcopi abbates priores comites
baroncs milites et libere tenentes et omnes de regno nostro dederunt
^ "in carta nostra de libertatibus foreste." HarL 4975. This is the
reading also of an ancient manuscript in the library of Lambeth palace
(No. 166, f. 7).
HENRY THE THIRD 7
nobis quinieundecimam partem omnium bonorum suorum mobilium
\Qjuia} vero sigillum* nondum habuimus present em cart am sigillis
venerabilis patris nostri G, tituli sancti Martini presbiteri cardinalis
aposiolice sedis legaii et JV, Marescalli comitis Penbroc^ rectoris nostri
et regni nostri fecimus sigillari^ Testibus prenominatis et multis aliis
Datum per manum venerabilis patris domini R. Dumholm^ episcopi can-
cellarii nostri apud sanctum Paulum London* vj die Novembris anna
regni nostri secundo,
l^pltnt :0Uisnx Carta ^t lAertattbuit ^nfilU
As to the date of the council in which the two charters were granted,
it must have lain between the 21st of October at the earliest and the 6th
of November, the day of ensealing and delivery. Witness the following
table, which exhibits from day to day the teste of the earl of Pembroke^
on behalf of the king, so far as recorded in the Chancery rolls of the first
and second years Qi Henry III., from 6 September to 1 8 November 1217: —
* This clause is found in Hart. 746, and somewhat differently worded
in Hcurl, 946. The Lambeth MS, 166 (above referred to) after mobilium
continues thus — Concessimus eciam eisdem pro nobis et heredihus nostris
quod nee nos nee heredes nostri aliquid perquiremus per quod libertates in
hcLC carta contente infringantur vet injirmentur Et si de aliquo aliquid
contra hoc perquisitum fuerit nichil valcat el pro nullo habeatur Testi-.
bus (as in the text), etc.
* The king's seal was ready at the beginning of his third year only.
It began to be used on the fourth or fifth of November 1218; for, on the
Close Roll {2 Hen. III. m, 14), below several inrolments of 3 November
and before an entry dated 5 November, is a marginal note : —
" Hie incepit sigillum domini Regis currereP
It was specially provided by a general council, at which were present
cardinal Guala^ the two archbishops, the regent and justiciar with many
prelates and barons, that no charters or letters patent of confirmation,
alienation, sale or gift, or of any thing that might endure in perpetuity,
should be sealed with this new great seal until the king should attain his
full age {JPat, R, 3 Hen. III. m. 6). Up to this time Henry had used
the seal of William Mareschal, which was small in size, and displayed
an armed knight on horseback, brandishing ^ sword, Thus it appeared,
impressed in green wax, and hanging by a strip of parchment to letters
patent, dated at Westminster, 8 Nov. in the 2nd year of the reign (12 17),
by which, at the prayer of cardinal Guala, and with the consent of Robert
then bishop-elect of Ely^ in whose diocese it was, the king granted for
ever in frank almoigne the church of "Cestretune" (Chesterton) in the
county of Cambridge to the canons of S. Andrea^ Vercelli, towards their
support. " Sigillum parvum e cera viridi pendens a funiculo membranaceo
repraesentat bellatorem insidentem equo, et gestantem dexstra ensem :
circum autem haec Epigraphes = sigillum marescalll" [Gualae
Bicherii . . . Vita 8lc. a Philadel/o Libico,^. 100, \\oiQ\r).'\
8
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Itinerary of Henry III,
Figure i
= Close Roll,
n 2
= /7«^ Roll,
» 3
= Ptf /^«/ ^<7//.
The Text letter SI denotes Sunday,
SEKI'EMBER A,D, 12
117.
October A.D. 12 17
>
6 Chertsey
I
6 Westminster
1,3
7 Chertsey
1,3
T^mbeth
iJ Chertsey
I
7 Lambeth
i»3
9 Chertsey
1,3
Westminster
fl[lo Chertsey
1,3
fl[8 Westminster
1,3
II Chertsey
1,3
9 Westminster
1,3
12 Chertsey
3
10 I-ambeth
1,3
13
•
II Lambeth
14 Kingston
1,3
Westminster
15 Kingston
1,3
12 Westminster
1,3
1 6 Kingston
1
Lambeth
%\^ Kingston
», 3
13 Lambeth
18 Kingston
1
Westminster
19 Kingston
I
14 Lambeth
1,3
Merton
3
€[ 1 5 Caversham
1,3
20 Lambeth
I
16 Caversham
21 Lambeth
I
17 Caversham
1,3
22
18 Caversham
1,3
23 Westminster
1,3
19
I^^mbeth
1,3
20 Caversham
f[24 Giirmgham
1,2
21 London
25 Gillingham
3
€[22 London
26 Canterbury
3
23 London
27 Canterbury
I
24 London
28 Ewell
i»3
25 London :
29 Canterbury
1,3
Westminster ]
Dover
3
26 London ]
1,3
30 Canterbury
1,3
27 London i
t,3
28 London i
f, 3
October A,D. 121 7.
?|[29 London ]
SKI Rochester
1
30 London 1
2 Lambeth
1,3
Westminster i
i3
Westminster
I
31 Westminster i
,3
3 Lambeth
«, 3
4 Lambeth ]
hZ
November A.D. 121:
' •
Bermondsey ]
[
I
5 Lambeth i
1,3
2 Westminster i
,3
Westminster :
1,3
3 Westminster i
,3
HENRY THE THIRD
I^OVEMBER A.D. 121 7.
November A,D, 1217.
4 Westminster i, 3
II Caversham 3
SI 5 Westminster i
SI 1 2 Caversham i,
Lambeth 3
13 Caversham 3
^F 6 London i, 3
Charters dated Oxford i
7 London i
14 Oxford I
Westminster 2, 3
15
8 Westminster 3
16
9
17 Gloucester i
10 Caversham i, 3
18 Gloucester i,
In the following year (22 Feb. 12 17-18), letters were sent to every
sheriff^ commanding him to have the two charters publicly read in full
county-court, the barons, knights, and all free tenants of the shire being
called together, and made to swear fealty to the king ; and further, that
he should cause thereafter the several points of both charters to be
strictly observed. [Close RoU^ 2 Hen, III. m. 11 dorso.]
payable in moieties
25 May and 29 Sept. 1225.
(*)
In a Great Council, holden at Westminster in the ninth a»9«»
year of his reign, the king regranted the Charter of ^^''- ^^^'
Liberties and Charter of the Forest, each bearing date {224%*.
II February 1224-5 ; and the archbishops, bishops, abbots,
priors, earls, barons, free tenants and all others (libere tenentes
et atnnes de regno) gave to him in return a Fifteenth part
of their moveable goods.
The king being now in his eighteenth' yc^i & renewal of the two
charters was demanded from him as a condition precedent to granting
money, of which he stood greatly in need, for the defence of the realm
against invasion by the king of France^ and also for the recovery of
' No documents found for Lancashire.
* For the day of his birth, see p. 35.
10 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
the provinces wrested from him by Louis, He at once showed that
readiness to make promises which characterized his whole reign, while
intending to keep them only if compelled. In this frame of mind he
confirmed the charters granted in the second year, all the time inwardly
believing, indeed knowing, them to be invalid by reason of his nonage.
This fact is thrown into strong relief by a letter on the 23rd of May 1225,
from the king to the bishop of Durham^ in which Henry openly avows,
and invites the prelate himself to witness, that as yet nothing can be
granted in perpetuity under his great seal ;* as laid down by the resolu-
tion of a general council, which he now puts forward as a reason for
holding in suspense the grant of certain liberties named in a petition of
the bishop. After recalling the spontaneous manner in which this
Fifteenth had been granted, and affecting to rely upon the bishop above
others for prompt payment of the money due from his own lands and fees,
the king makes the avowal above mentioned in these words {Close Roll^
9 Hen, III, par/ 2, w. la dorso) : —
"nee vos nwveat vel molestet suspensa ad presens facta nobis ex parte vestra
peticio de libertaiibus vobis concedendis cum necesse sit sic adhuc fieri ex
vestro et aliorum magnatum et fidelium nostrorum prestito sacramento
quod a sigillo nostro nondum quicquam perpetuum emanabit Verunta-
men promptam gerimus voluntatem ea vobis super hiis et aliis liberaliter
annuere reperta temporis opportunifate que vestra dileccio cum graciarum
actionibus grata gerat et accepta Teste ut supra [i.e. rege apud Westmo-
nasterium xxiij die Maij anno nono\
Yet on the 6th of July following he writes to the sheriffs of Yorkshire
and Cumberland; and, after particularly emphasizing the clause, Et
salve sint etc. (p. 11) — saving to all his subjects the liberties and free
customs which they had before had — he orders both within their respec-
tive jurisdictions to see to the strict observance of all liberties which had
been used in the reigns of his ancestors, and chiefly in the time of his
father, unless such had been expressly stated in the two charters now
granted to have been withdrawn. \Close Roll? 9 Hen, III, part 2, m. 9.]
The following copy of the Charter of Liberties is made from the
Red Book of the Exchequer (foL 183), the extracts being, as before, con-
fined to those clauses which mediately or immediately concern taxation.
Carta de libertatibus concessis Magnatibus Anglie
Henricus Dei gracia Rex Anglie Dominus Hybemie etc, Archiepiscopis
Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus etc. salutem Sciatis quod nos in-
tuitu Dei \et^'\ pro salute anime nostre ft animarum antecessorum et
* See page 7, note 2. ' Rot, Litt, Claus. ii. 48 b, 49 d.
' Supplied — with other words inserted below in brackets [ ] — from
Blackstone's edition of this charter, being an original deposited at the
period in Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire, and afterwards (1759) in the possess-
ion oijohn Talbot esquire. [The Great Charter^ Sec, 47-58.]
HENRY THE THIRD II
succissarum nostrorum ad exaltationem sancte ecclesie et emendationem
regfd nostri spontanea et bona voluntate nostra dedimus et concessimus
Archiepiscopis etc, et omnibus de regno nostro has libertates subscriptas
z tenendas in regno nostro Anglie inperpeiuum In primis concessimus
Deo et hacpresenti carta [nostra^] conjirmavimus pro nobis et heredi-
dus nostris inperpetuum quod Anglicana ecclesia libera sit et habeat
lomnia^]jura sua integra et libertates suas illesas Concessimus eciam
et dedimus omnibus Hberis hominibus regni nostri pro nobis et heredi^
bus nostris inperpetuum omnes lib^o,t§s subscriptas habendas et ten-
endas eis et heredibus suis de nobis et heredibus nostris [inperpetuum *]
2 Si quis Comitum etc
9 Civitas Londor^habeat omnes libertates antiquas et liberas consuetu-
dlnes suas Preterea volumus et concedimus quod omnes alie civitates
et Burgi et ville et barones de quinque portubus et omnes portus
10 habeant omnes libertates et liberas consuetudines sucls Nullus dis-
tringatur ad faciendum majus servicium de feudo militis nee de alio
11 libero tenemento quam indedebetur Communia placita non sequantur
13 curiam nostram set teneantur in aliquo loco certo Recognitiones etc.
37 Scutagium decetero capiatur sicut capi consuevit tempore H, Regis
avi nostri Et salve sint archiepiscopis episcopis abbatibus prioribus
Templariis Hospitalariis Comitibus Baronibus et omnibus aliis tam
ecclesiasticis personis quam secularibus libertates et libere consuetudines
quas prius habuerunt Omnes [autem^] istas consuetudines predictas
et libertates qucLS concessimus in regno nostro tenendas quantum ad
nos pertinft erga nostros omnes de regno nostro tam clerici quam laid
observant^ quantum ad se pertinet erga suos Pro hac autem dona-
tione et concessione libertatum istarum et aliarum contentarum in carta
nostra de libertcUibus forest e archiepiscopi episcopi etc. et libere tenentes
et omnes de regno nostro dederunt nobis Quintamdecimam {partem *]
omnium mobilium suorum Concessimus eciam eisdcm pro nobis et
heredibus nostris quod nee nos nee heredes nostri aliquid perquiremus
• P^^ quod libertates in hac carta contente infringantur vel infirmentur
* Supplied — with other words inserted below in brackets [ ] — from
Blackstom^s edition of this Charter, being an original deposited at the
period in Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire, and afterwards (1759) in the posses-
sion oifohn Talbot esquire. [The Great Charter ^ &c. 47-58.]
' Rightly observent^ as in the Lacock charter.
12 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
et si ab aliquo aliquid contra hoc ferqutsitum fuerit nichil valeat et
pro nullo habeatur} [Hits testibus domino S, Cantuar^ archiepiscopo
E, London' J, Bathot^ P, Winiote H, Line" B. Roffen' etc. Daf apud
Westmori undecimo die Februarii anno regni nostri nono.]
In letters patent,^ dated 15 Feb. 1224-5 ^^^ addressed by the king
{Patent Roll^ 9 Hen, III. m, 8 dorso) to William Basset and others,
whom he named his justices to assess and collect the Fifteenth of
moveables in the counties of Nottingham and Derby, the form of levying
this tax throughout England is clearly laid down ; and by another entry
on the same roll {m, 7 dorso) it is shown that the persons appointed for
Lancashire were William Pincema (or Butler\ William Blundell^
Geojffrey Balistarius (or Arblaster) and Jordan of Chester clerk.
The form, applied to Lancashire and turned into an English abstract,
is as follows : —
The sheriff of Lancashire to bring together, before the justices
appointed at Lancaster on the morrow of Mid- Lent (/>. 10 March 1224-5),
all the knights of the county. For every hundred or wapentake four
knights (more or fewer according to size) then to be chosen who are to
assess, levy and collect a Fifteenth of all moveable goods :
Except, nevertheless, from this Fifteenth : —
all manner of books, ornaments of
As to archbishops, bishops, abbots,
priors and other religious men ;
earls, barons, knights and free
men (who are not merchants) ;
As to merchants (traders) ;
As to villains ;
churches and chapels, riding horses,
cart horses, sumpter horses, and
arms ; all manner of jewels, ves-
sels, utensils, larders, cellars, hay
and com bought for garniture of
L castles ;
arms,' riding horses, domestic
utensils, cellars and larders for
victuals ;
" arms,' utensils ; such flesh, fish and
drink, and also hay and forage as
are not for sale.
' The entry in the Red Book stops at habeatur. The remainder is
added from the Lacock exemplar.
' Printed by Brady in his History of England^ i. Appendix, n» 1 50 ;
also in Rymer's Foedera, i. 177.
" Arms to which they are sworn. The rates at which persons were
sworn to arms {jurati ad arma) for keeping the king's peace are set out,
under date 20 May 1242, in the Close Roll, 26 Hen. III. fart 2, m. 10
dorso. See the particular reference made thereto below (p. 68), and also
to an assize of arms, directed to be made in June 14 Hen, III. (1230),
when it was enjoined that arms were to be sworn and assessed as in the
time of kingyic?^/! {jurariet assideri per totam ballivam tpsius vicecomiiis
HENRY THE THIRD 13
The knights chosen not to go into the hundreds or wapentakes in
which they reside, hut into those neighbouring. Every one (except
earis, barons and knights) shall swear as to the number, quantity and
value of his own moveables, and likewise of those of his two nearest
neighbours ; and if, perchance, any disagreement arise between him
whose the goods are and his neighbours concerning the same, the
knights themselves, by the oath of twelve (or as many as seem enough)
honest and lawful men of the neighbours, shall inquire into the truth of
the matter, and take a Fifteenth according to the result. The Serjeants
and reeves {Servientes vero et prepositt), or reeves only (if there be nq
Serjeants), of lands belonging to earls, barons and knights, shall swear in
like manner as to the moveables of their lords in the several towns.
One moiety of such Fifteenth shall be paid at the feast of Holy Trinity
m the ninth year (25 May 1225) ; the other, at the feast of Saint Michael
next following (29 Sept 1225). Which said Fifteenth those knights shall
receive by the hands of four lawful men and the reeve* of the several
towns by tallies thereof made between them ; and so bring the money
received to the Taxors [the Justices named by the king as above said]
who are to put it in some safe place — be it a cathedral church or abbey or
priory — under their seals and the seals of the knights, until provision be
made whither it is to be sent Those knights shall give up to the Taxors,
immediately after the Fifteenth shall have been assessed, the writings
and their rolls therefirom made, reserving to themselves transcripts. The
four knights (more or fewer) chosen as aforesaid shall swear taciis
sacrosanctU in presence of the Taxors that they will execute all these
things faithfully and diligently, and not omit to do them for love or hate
or any thing in the world. The Taxors shall swear before the sheriff
and the assembled knights that they will faithfully and diligently to the
best of their power observe this form in all things by themselves and
others. If any of the chief Taxors, cleric or layman, cannot be present
when these things are being done for some manifest, reasonable and
necessary cause, then the remaining persons shall have power to choose
m his stead another, who shall take the same oath as to faithful execu-
tion. The same shall be done with regard to the fees of archbishops,
bishops, priors and other religious men, their own demesnes and villains
sicut jurata fuerunt tempore domini J, regis patris nostri). Of a yet
earlier assize, ordered by Henry II. in July 1181, details then follow
(p. 70), to which may be added here some of the restrictions placed upon
those so sworn. No one, when once he has these arms, shall sell, or
pledge, or lend them, or in any other way alienate them from himself.
No lord shall take them from his man by forfeiture, or g^ft, or pledge, or
otherwise. If any one having arms shall die, they shall remain to his
heir. If the heir be not old enough to use arms, then his guardian shall
have them in charge, and shall find a man to supply his place until the
heir reach the age to carry arms, and then he shall have them.
» See SeUci Charters (ed. Stubbs), 345.
14 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
excepted, of whom and which the archbishops and bishops shall cause
the Fifteenth to be assessed and collected in form aforesaid, and shall
answer for the same to the king at the terms above mentioned. Dated
at Westminster the 15th day of February [1224-5].
It was provided by the king's council (de consilio fidelium nostrorum
nobis apud LomP nuper assistencium) sitting at London that, of the whole
Fifteenth collected from clerks as well as laymen, one half should be put
for safe custody in Winchester castle under the charge of Richard bishop
oi Salisbury^ and the other half in the castle of Devizes in charge of
Jgcelyn bishop of Bath,
Minute instructions were sent in writing, not only to the chief
Assessors in every county, but also to the archbishops, bishops, sheriffs
and bailifTS) laying down in detail the routes and times of arrival ; and
safe conduct was ordered^ to be provided by all sheriffs and bailiffs
through whose districts or jurisdiction those carrying the )<*ifteenth
might pass. As to Lancashir^^ all the money collected for the first
(being Trinity) term in the ninth year was to be brought to Nottingham,
so as to be there in three weeks from Trinity Sunday
Trinity Term (,5 jy^g ^^^^^ y^der the conduct of William earl of
^* Ferrers^ Robert GresUy^ William of Lancaster ^ and the
sheriff of the county. Thence two of the justices (appointed for the
assessment of the tax) and one of their clerks, in company with the
bailiffs of the archbishop of York and bishop of Coventry bringing the
Fifteenth collected (as much as appertained to the archbishop and
bishop in Lancashire) by them, were to carry that money as quickly as
possible {sub qua poierunt festincuione) to Winchester, and there deliver
it to the bishop of Salisbury ^ or his bailiffs assigned cui hoc^ and before
him or them render an account of their receipts. Reasonable expenses
were allowed to those so taking the money to Winchester, Witness the
king at Westminster 14 May 1225.
As to the moiety of the king's Fifteenth for Michaelmas term of the
same year (1225), since the money could be more conveniently received
at Winchester, where provisions were plentiful and the
Michaelmas Term \^^^ g^fe {ubt copia est victualium et securitas hospici-
^* orum)f than at Devizes, which was deficient in both
these points (ubi defectus est victualium et hospiciorum\ the sums ob-
tained were ordered to be taken thither. All the money of the Fifteenth
collected in Lancashire for Michaelmas term together with the arrearages
of the first term, and including the amount forthcoming from the arch-
bishop of York and the bishop of Coventry as before, was to be taken
under the conduct of the persons named (for the first term) to Nottingham,
so as to be there in one month from Michaelmas-day (27 October 1225);
and thence to Winchester by two justices and a clerk in company with
the bailiffs of the two prelates abovenamed, who were to deliver the
same to the bishops of Bath and Salisbury^ or their bailifis assigned
* Close Roily 9 Hen, III, part 2, m. 13 dorso.
HENRY THE THIRD 15
ad hoc, and before them render an account of their receipts ; reasonable
expenses being allowed as before. Witness the king at Westminster
20 August 1225. [Close Roily 9 Hen, III. part 2, m. 5 dorso.]
The Fifteenth of certain counties, namely; Norfolk and Suffolk,
Surrey, Bedford and Buckingham, Cambridge and Huntingdon, Kent,
Essex and Hertford, Middlesex, was ordered to be delivered at the New
Temple, London.
The specific mention of these eleven counties, and of the place
appointed for delivery of the sums collected, serves to identify an account
of a Fifteenth on a Foreign Roll^ with the tax now under notice, and
the receipt of the second moiety.
First, to extract in the actual words — some contractions being ex-
tended — so much as relates to Lancashire, and the adjacent counties of
Ciunberland and Westmoreland : —
CoMPOTUS R. episcopi Sar' de Quintadecima Anglie
apud Wint[oniam] tain de viris [religiosis] quam de
aliis per ipsum recepta»
Idem episcopus Walterus de Saresbir' clericus pro eo
reddit compotum de D. et quater xx. et iij. li. et
xvij. s. et viij. d. de Quintadecima de Berkesir'
Et de D. et liij. li. de Quintadecima Comitatus Lancastr*
Et de CCCC. et Ixv. li. et x. s* de Quintadecima Comitatus
de Cumberland'
Et de CC. et Ixxix. li. et x. s. de Quintadecima Comi-
tatus de Westmeriland'
{Foreign Roll (n^ i), Ro. S]
Then, the Account, in itself of high interest and value, though too
lengthy to print in the form entered on the roll, may be drawn into a
general table that, following the order of the original, exhibits the relative
proportions borne by the levy in the several counties.^
^ Exch, L, 7". R. Foreign Accounts, Roll n° i. Referred to below, as
Foreign Roll (n° i), or Foreign Roll, simply.
' The counties here enumerated (37 in all) agree exactly with the list
given in one of the Miscellaneous Books of the Exchequer (n' 7) —
Cheshire being reckoned with Wales — which gives the several accounts
of a Fifteenth and Tenth granted in Parliament 4 Nov. 3 Hen. V. (141 5),
and levied throughout England.
i6
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
[A.D. X226] Account by Richard bishop of Salisbury of the Fifteenth
received at Winchester.
County
I. 5,
d.
County
;£.
s.
d.
Berks
583 17
8
Worcester ...
... 278
10
—
Somerset
601 —
—
Salop and Stafford... 880
—
Sussex
911 4
7
Cornwall
... 400
—
Wilts
722 —
—
Devon
... 464
: —
Northampton
1,190 8
7
Gloucester ...
... 1,134
9
6i
Rutland
154 19
3
Hereford
... 315
12
8
Oxford
800
—
I^ncaster ...
... 553
—
Nottingham and
• ••
1
921 —
Cumberland...
... 465
10
Derby
Westmerland
... 279
10
Leicester
596 5
York
...2,319
6
8
Warwick
528 —
—
Dorset
-. 394
10
Southampton
648 10
—
Northumberland
... 600
Lincoln
2,905 —
Sum Total
^£18,646
13
i«i
Fifteenth received at Winchester
by Richard bishop of Salisbury
from religious men.
See
Salisbury ...
Bath^
Chichester...
Winchester
Worcester
Chester
Exeter
Carlisle
York
£, s, d,
1,189 5 9i
284
275 8 I
304 6 8
487 10 —
329 I 9i
136
22 — 3i
915
Sum jt3,942 12 7i
14 I
Fifteenth received* at London
by /ocetyn bishop of Bath from
the following counties.
^^^'^^^^ £. s. d,
Norfolk and Suffolk 3,05 1 1 1 1 1
Kent 1,274 15 — a
Cambridge and J .
Huntingdon ) "
Bedford and
Buckingham
Essex and Hertford 1,247
Middlesex 248 5 6^
Surrey 539 9 9
[Omitting small
amounts, apparently
arrearages of Trinity
Term] ... ... ^ ^ :i^
I ... 1,524 6 10
Sum ;C9,244 9 3i
* The bishop oi Bath received beside, and accounted for ;£i42 4^. 9a.
of the 15th collected from the episcopal demesnes, and from religious
men in the see of Bath. [Foreign Ro/l]
HENRY THE THIRD 1 7
Summary of Receipt
Richard^ h\sho^ oi Salisbury^ Ttc^vf^v, f s d
Counties ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18,646 13 i\\
Religious men 3>942 12 j\
£22,s^9 6 7
focelyn^ bishop of Bath^ receiver. I. s d
Counties (including sundry small sums) 9)244 9 3}
Religious men 6,099 9 5
;£ 1 5,343 18 '6 J
The date of this Account does not precisely appear, but therein is a
reference to Thursday before the feast of All Saints in the tenth year
(30 Oct. 1225); on which day a sum of ;£8,5oo out of his own receipt at
the New Temple, London, was consigned by the bishop of Bath^ in
accordance with the king's letters patent of that date, to Thomas de
Haya and Reginald de BemevalUy that it might be carried by them to
Winchester for delivery there to the bishop of Salisbury, who duly
acknowledges the payment of that sum beyond the other moneys above
set down in his account, making a gross total of ;£3 1,089 ^- 7^
Further, there are entries on the Close Roll^ (10 Hen. III.) which show
payments made for the transfer of treasure from London to Winchester.
A sheriff of London to receive (30 Oct. 1225) 8j. td, for 17 barrels
wherein the treasure is to be deposited. Thomas de Haya receives five
marks for hire of carts ; and he and Reginald have three marks and two
marks, respectively, allowed to them for the expenses of their journey in
company to Winchester, under date, 2 Nov. 1225.
^ This bishop included in his account a further sum of ;£8,5oo,
received by order of the king from the bishop of Bath, who takes credit
for that amount ; but I here give the separate receipt of each bishop,
as extracted from this Foreign Roll,
' He died 19 Nov. 1242, and was the last bishop who had the single
title of Balh, His successor, Roger (some time precentor of Sarum\ to
whom the temporalities were restored 10 May 1244, on his accession to
the see, used the same style ; but, by ordinance of pope Innocenl the
Fourth, made 3 January 1244-5, and peremptorily renewed 14 May
1 245, he took (subsequent to the latter date) the double title of Bath and
Wells, which has continued from that time to be the style of all bishops
of the Somersetshire see. This subject is discussed at length in a paper
contributed by me to the Genealogist^ New Series, ii. 161.
* An error in the casting for ;£ 15,343 i8j, Z\d,
* Printed in Rot. Utt Clous, ii. 84 a.
C
1 8 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
By an order of the king made 14 December 1225 {Close Roll,
10 Hen. III. m, 26 dorso), the justices before named (p. 12) are directed
to diligently audit the account of the whole money collected ; which
done, two of them, one layman and one clerk, are to proceed without
delay to Westminster, and there to render, in five weeks* from the Purifi-
cation following {j.e, 9 March 1225-6), before the bishops oi Bath and
5a/r>^r)^ (or their assigns), a final account of all receipts of the Fifteenth,
bringing with them at the same time all arrearages.
The total amount of this Fifteenth, assessed and collected throughout
England, is shown by the Red Book of the Exchequer (f. 180) to have
been 86,758 marks and two-pence; or ^nfi'fi 13^. td. Witness the
entry itself in these words : —
" Summa xv™** assise per Angliam anno regni Regis Henrici
filii Regis Johannis octavo ^iiij"vj.mil.DCClviij. mar. ij. d."
Naturally, in the course of the levy, questions arose which required
to be dealt with on their merits ; and thus there were some exemptions
beyond those named in the king's letters patent (p. 12). So the justices
of the Fifteenth in the county of Bedford were ordered (11 April 1225)
not to assess or collect the tax from the goods of Isabel de Beauchamp,
or of any person who deceased before the day on which it was granted
to the king's use; and those appointed for Sussex were directed (12 April
1225), in dealing with ships or boats voyaging by sea, not to levy the
Fifteenth on their cordage or nets.'
Matthew Paris^ is certainly wrong when he says — in a passage*
* Printed in Rot. Litt. Claus. ii. 147 b.
' This is, of course, an error for nono. The grant and assessments
were made in the ninths and the final accounts rendered in the tenth
year of the king's reign.
' Printed in Rot, Litt. Claus. ii. 27 a, 27 b.
* Now I am quite aware that the history from the hand of Matthew
Paris himself begins at the year 1235, and that before this date the work
long known by his name is now universally believed to have been written
by Roger of Wendover. I know also that Paris, by adopting Wendover^s
history, and by adding interpolations to the text and marginal notes,
made that history his own. I consider myself justified, therefore, in
speaking here and elsewhere of Paris only. After all, I am dealing with
^^ facts stated, not with the person who wrote them.
* Anno Domini MCCXXV. Rex Henricus ad Natcde tenuit curiam
suam apud Westmonasterium^prcesentibus clero etpopulo cum magnatibus
regionis. SolennitcUe igitur, ut decebat, compieta, Hubertus de Burgo
etc Petiit ergo ab omnibus consilium pariter et auxilium etc. ad hoc
quoque plene perficiendum, regi sufficere credidit, si ei quintculecima pars
omnium rerum mobilium totius regni Anglia tarn apersonis ecclesiasticis
quam a laicis donaretur. His in hunc modum etc. [Matth. Paris.
Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iii. 91.]
HENRY THE THIRD I9
which has been quoted over and over again ^ — that Henry kept his
Christmas at Westminster in 1224; or, as he makes it, beginning the
year on Christmas day, 1225.
It is clearly shown by the Chancery rolls that the king must have
celebrated Christmas at Oxford, for on the 24th of December his teste is
found at Brackley, and on the 27th at Oxford. But we are not left to
what would be a very reasonable conjecture, for I have been fortunate
enough to discover an entry {Close Roll^ 9 Hen. III. part i, m, 11),
which directs a sum of 25 shillings to be paid to ceitain persons who
sang Cf)rtiEftUjE( fitnctt before the king at Oxford on Christmas-day in the
ninth year of his reign (1224). The words, interesting in themselves,
are especially valuable as setting the monkish historian right on a matter
of fact : —
Rex E, Thesaurario et Camerariis suis salutem Liberate de thesauro
nostra etc. Liberate eciam Johanni de Alatrio etc. et Waltero de Lens et
sociis suis xxv solidos pro Cf)r(l(tui( l)incit' quern cantaverunt coram nobis
apud Oxori die NataP Domini anno etc. nono Teste ut supra anno eodem
[i.e. apud IVestm. xviij die Februarii\ Per justiciarium.
^ Take for instance : — Dr. Brady's Introduction to the Old English
History^ 126; Hody's History of English Councils^ 305; and Parr/s
Parliaments^ 26.
- See Du Cange {Glossarium &c.) under Laus^ 2 ; where, after giving
explanations and illustrations of Laudes, the author quotes a very ancient
Litany from a manuscript preserved in Aries cathedral, beginning
Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus imperat,
three times by the priest, and repeated by the clergy. Then the saints
are invoked to aid by their prayers the pope, king, queen, royal family,
judges [or magnates] and the whole army of Christians. After which : —
Christus vincit, Christus reg^nat, Christus imperat.
Rex noster : Christus vincit.
. . . ia nostra : Christus vincit. 1
Auxilium nostrum : Christus vincit. :
Liberatio et redemptio nostra.: Christus vincit
Victoria nostra : Christus .viocit.
Arma nostra invictissima : Ctiristus vincit.
Murus noster inexpugnabilis : Christus vincit.
Defensio et exaltatio nostra : Christus vincit.
Lux, via et vita nostra : Christus vincit.
Ipsi soli imperium, gloria et potestas per immortalia ssecula saeculorum,
Ameij^
Ipsi soli honor et jubilatio per infinita saecula saeculorum, Amen.
Ipsi soli virtus, fortitudo, et victoria per omnia saecula sseculorum. Amen,
C 2
20
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Itinerary of Henry III.
Figure i «= Close Roll.
2 = Fine Roll,
3 = Patent Roll,
»i
»
The Text letters, JT, C, denote Sunday in the respective years.
December A,D, 1224.
January A,D, 1224-5.
20 Geddington
I|2
II
Rochester
I
21
Faversham
I
if 22
Canterbury
1,2
23 Northampton
1
C 12
Brackley'
1,2
13
24 Brackley,
1,2,3
14
Dover
1,3
25 Oxford
1
15
Dover
2
26
16
27 Oxford
I
17
Dover
I
Wallingford
3
Romney
I
28 Wallingford
1,2
18
df 29 Reading
1,2,3
C 19
Winchelsea
2,3
Windsor
I
20
Winchelsea
I
30 Windsor
2
Rye
1,3
31 Westminster
2,3
21
Rye
1,2
January A.D, 1224-5.
23
I Westminster
1,2
24
Battle
1,3
2 Westminster
I, 2
25
Robertsbridgc
5 1,3
3 Westminster
^ 3
^ 26 Sutton
1,2
4 Westminster
1,2,3
Rochester
3
C 5 Westminster
1,3
27
6 Westminster
I, 2
28
7 Westminster
I
•29
Westminster
1,2,3
8 Westminster
1,2,3
30
Westminster
1,2,3
9 Westminster
I
31
10 Rochester
1,3
^ Brackley had a weekly market on Sunday until the king, by writ
dated 16 March 12 17-18 and addressed to the sheriff of Northampton-
shire^ ordered it to be held in future on Wednesday. By other writs of
the same date the markets of Leominster (Herefordshire) and Thatcham
(Berks) were removed from Sunday to Thursday. \Close Roily 2 Hen, III.
part 2, m, 9.]
HENRY THE THIRD
21
February A,D, 1224-5.
I Westminster i, 2, 3
February A,D. 1224-5.
1,2,3
I
I
I
1,3
1,2,3
12 Westminster
1,3
13 Westminster
1,2,3
14 Westminster
15 Westminster
1,3
C 16 Westminster
I, 2
17 Westminster
1,3
18 Westminster
1,2,3
19 Westminster
New Temple
1,2,3
20 New Temple
I, 2
»e2
3 Westminster
4 Westminster
5 Westminster
6 Westminster
7 Westminster
8 Westminster
e9
10 Westminster
11 Westminster 3 Charters dated 21 New Temple i
A like payment of 25 shillings' was made Waltero de Lenche et sociis
suis clericis de capella nostra for singing Cf)r(i(tui( btnctt on other great
festivals before the king, who was then at the places following': —
A.D, 1225.
Easter (30 March), at Reading ;
Pentecost (18 May), at Waltham ;
Christmas (25 Dec), at Winchester.
The inaccuracy here pointed out, like others elsewhere noted, may be
thought by some too trifling for comment. The same indifference can
scarcely be shown to an error pointed out by Blackstone} Matthew
Paris, supposing that no charter of liberties had been granted by king
Henry before the ninth year of his reign, mistook a circumstance, which
happened in the latter end of the year 1222 (or beginning of 1223);
"as if it were productive of the grant, which was made about two years
afterwards. This was the issuing of writs to all the sheriffs in England,
to make an enquiry by the oath of twelve knights in each county, what
were the liberties used in England in the reign of king Henry the second :
which enquiry he supposes to have arisen from a demand of the prelates
and barons, that the young king should confirm the liberties for which
the war was begun against his father. But the writs themselves, when
inspected, import nothing less than what he has distorted them to prove ;
being only a command to enquire what customs and liberties king John,
not the people, had enjoyed before the commencement of the barons*
war ; which rights of the crown had probably fallen into disuse and
oblivion during those intestine commotions."*
* This, according to Walter of Coventry (ed. Stubbs, ii. 256), was the
day for which the council was convoked — In Purificatione beatce Marice
convocantur apud Londonias proceres Anglice,
' At Pentecost in the ninth year of his reign (10 June 1207) C^rtiftttif
bin fit was sung at Woodstock before king John, who made a similar
order for 25 shillings to be paid.
* Rot, Litt. Claus, ii. 33 a, 41 a, 98 b.
* The Great Charter^ &c. Introduction, xliii. xliiii.
22
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
The points of difference between the account given by the historian,
and the terms of the king's writ, can be best shown by printing the two
versions, side by side : —
Cotton MS. Close Roll
Nero D.v. fol. 221.
Anno^ Domini M*'CC»xxiij* rex
Henricus ad Natale tenuit curiam
suam apud Oxeniam Et postmo-
dum in octavis Ephiphanie^ apud
London^ veniens cum baronibus ad
colloquium requisitus est ab archie-
piscopo Cantuariensi et magnatibus
aliis ut libertates et liberas con-
suetudines pro quibus guerra mota
Juerat contra patrem suum con-
firmaret Et sicut archiepiscopus
ostendit evidenter idem rex diffu-
gere non potuit quin hoc faceret
cum in recessu Lodowici ab Anglia
juraverat et tola nobilitas regni
cum eo quod libertates prescriptas
omnes observarent et omnibus
traderent observandas. Quod au-
diens IVilPs Briwer • * . *
Videns autem rex archiepiscopum
in iram comotum dixit Omnes
libertates illas juravimus et omnes
astricti sumus ut quod juravimus
observemus Et rexprotinus habito
super hoc consilio misit litteras suas
ad singulos vicecomites regni ut
per milites xii vel legates homines
uniuscujusque comitatus per sa-
cramentum facerent inquiri que
7 Hen. III. part i, m. 20 dorso.
Brevia de Rex^ vicecomiti
libertatibus Sussej^ salutem Pre-
cipimus tibi quod
. diligenter inquiri facias in plena
comitatu tuo per sacramentum xij
de legalioribus et discretioribus
militibus comitatus tui per quos
rei Veritas melius sciri poterit quas
consuetudines et quas libertates
dominus J, rex pater nosier habuit
in baillia tua die qua guerra in-
cepit inter ipsum et barones suos
Anglic de terris et forestis et aliis
infra burgos et extra et quas con-
suetudines et libertates ipsum regem
patrem nostrum tunc hcUfuisse didi-
ceris per inquisicionem predictam
clamari et firmiter nobis observari
facias in comitatu tuo et inquisicio-
nem illam et nomina inquisitorum
nobis scire facias apud Westni in
crastino Clausi Pasche distincte et
aperte sub sigillo tuo et sigillis
eorum per quos inquisicio ilia facta
fuerit et hcUfeas ibi hoc breve Teste
H, etc. apud JVestm' xxx^ die
fanuarii [1222-3].
Eodem modo scribitur omnibus
vicecomitibus Anglie.
fuerunt libertates in Anglia tem-
pore Henrici regis avi sui etfactam inquisitionem apud London^ mitterent
ad regem in quindecim dies post Pasca.
* Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iii. 75 . Rather — as we should say —
1 222. Paris began the year on Christmas-day ; a fact to be constantly
borne in mind throughout that writer's history, but one which Dr. Luard^
in editing Chronica Majora^ has never once cautioned the reader to
remember, even when there is as well manifest error in the number of
the regnal year.
' Printed in Rymer's Feeder a^ i. 168 ; and Brady's History ^ &c. i.
Appendix, 168.
. ' See some remarks on the king's return to London, p. 23. *
HENRY THE THIRD
23
Whatever may be the truth about the council and its deliberations, it
is certain that the king, having spent Christmas at Oxford, took several
days' journey, and did not return to London, or rather to Westminster,
for a week after the octaves of the Epiphany, which latter date answers
to the thirteenth of January. Here is the record of his progress : —
Itinerary of Henry III.
Figure i = C/ose Roll.
2 = Fine Roll,
>»
»
3 = Patent RolL
The Text letters 3B, Sf, denote Sunday in the respective years.
December A.D, 1222.
24 Oxford
3B25 Oxford
26 Oxford
27 Woodstock
28 Woodstock
29 Oxford
I
I
I,
2,
I
2,
3
2,
3
3
30
31 Hungerford
I
January A.D, 1222-3.
% I Marlborough i
2 Marlborough i
3 Amesbury i
4 Wilton I, 2
5 Shaftesbury i
6
7 Sherborne i, 3
2
I
I
I
I
I
January A.D. 1222-3,
^ 8 Ilchester
9 Ilchester
10 Ilchester
1 1 Ceme
Charminster
12 Charminster
13
14 Blandford
Wilton
%\l Wilton
16
17 Winchester
18 Alton
19 Guildford i
20 Westminster \
21 Westminster i
^22 Westminster 2
I,?
I
3
2,3
1,2
Soon after (9 April 1223), sending new writs to all the sheriffs in
England, the king with the advice, of his council ordered, that nothing
further should be done at present than to return, as heretofore directed,
the inquisition concerning the customs and liberties of lands, forests and
other things, which his father had on the day that war began with his
barons ; adding that he had no wish whatever to initiate or to cause the
observance in the realm of any evil customs, but only to have the result
of their inquiries made known on the octaves of the Holy Trinity then
next ensuing (25 June 1223). The form (Close Roll^ 7 Hen. IW.part i,
24 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
m. 14 dorso) is addressed to the sheriff of Berkshire^ and recites the very
terms of the former writ, dated 30 January : —
Brevia de inquisi- ^ Rex vtcecomiti BerX^ saiuiem Precepimus tibi alias
cione libertatum I quod diligenter inquiri /aceres in plena comitatu
domini regis J tuo per sacramentum xij de legalioribus et dis-
crecioribus militibus comitatus tui per quos etc
et inquisicionem illam etc. in crastino Clausi Pasche distincte et aperte
etc. per quos inquisicio ilia facta Juisset Nunc autem de consilio Jidelium
nostrorum tibi precipimus per litteras nostras quas in plena comitatu tuo
legi facias quod inquisicionem predictam predicto mode penitus diligenter
fieri facias in baillia tua eo excepta quod libertates et consuetudines illas
nee clamari nee abseruari ad presens facias occasione illius inquisicianis
Sciturus eciam quod in voluntate nan habemus consuetudines malas
levari vel observari facere in regno nostra set eandem inquisicionem et
nomina inquisitorum nobis scire facias apud Westn^ in actabis Sancte
9 April Trinitatis distincte et aperte per quos inquisicio ilia facta fuerit et luibeas
1223. ibi hoc breve et aliud breve Teste H, etc. apud WestnC ix die Aprilis.
Eodem modo scribitur omnibus vicecomitibus Anglie,
In the previous year (1222) an aid, very urgently needed for the Holy
Land, was granted in a general council at Westminster by the common
will of all present, including the archbishop of Canterbury^ bishops,
earls, barons, and magnates. This took the form of a poll-tax ; and the
king's writ concerning it, addressed to all the sheriffs in England, was
25 June dated at Westminster 25 June' in the sixth year of his reign (1222). For
1222. some reason the project was not carried into execution at once; and
therefore, five months afterwards, it was provided anew and granted {de
novo provisum est et concessum) in another general council, at which
were again present the king, prelates and barons, that the tax should
now be assessed and collected. The terms before used were repeated in
very nearly the same words, and directed to the several sheriffs with a
new date, as here follows in detail.
24 Nov. The contribution in aid of the Holy Land was to be made to the king
oi ferusalem^ and thus gradated. Every earl to pay three marks; a
baron, one mark ; a knight, twelve-pence ; every cultivator
Aid for Qf land' {quilibet terram excolens\ one penny ; every one
Holy Land. ^^^''^S ^o land, but chattels to the value of half a mark
(6j. 8//.)) 3S well within as without cities and boroughs, also
one penny — whosoever wished to give more was bidden to do so in the
name of the Lord — all those being excepted who held only of religious
houses or ecclesiastical persons. This tax to be assessed in every town
' Printed in Rot, Utt. Claus. i. 569 a.
' Printed in Rot. Utt. Claus. \. 516 b.
'In the former writ the words are: — quilibet libere tenens j.d. et
quilibet qui terram fion habet et catalla habeat ad valenciam dimicT marc*
similiter j. den. [Rot. Utt. Claus. i. 516 b.]
1222.
HENRY THE THIRD 2$
before (tn/ra) the feast of S. Thomas^ the Apostle in the seventh year
(21 Dec 1222) by two honest and lawful men and the serjeant, or Ser-
jeants (if more lords in that town), and collected before (infra) the feast
of S. Hilary following (13 January 1222-3). The money from every town
to be laid up in every county in a house of the Temple, or Hospital (if
there be no Templar^ house in that county), in a bag by itself sealed,
with the sum written inside the bag and ag«iin on the outside, with the
name of the town. Then the money to be conveyed to London within
15 days after (27 Jan. 1222-3) l>y ^ Templar^ ox Hospitaller^ of the house
in which it had been meanwhile kept ; and the sheriff of the county to
give assistance and safe conduct for conveying the money to London,
where it was to be deposited in the house of the New Temple by the
view of those assigned by the magnates for this purpose, that they might
know what and how much issued out of every one's land, and the sum of
the aid throughout the kingdom. Every sheriff was ordered to do all in
his power towards the assessment, collection of the tax (power of dis-
traint being given if necessary), and its safe conduct to London. Dated
at Westminster, 24 November 1222.
A similar order, and of the same date, was given to the bailiffs of
cities and boroughs, among which Lancaster is included; a proviso
being added that the money was to be placed in some religious house in
any town, if no Templars or Hospitallers existed there, and taken thence
to London by some member of such house, under the safe conduct of the
sheriff, and with other detail as above laid down. \Close Roll^ 7 Hen, II L
i>art I, m, 27 dor so.]
Tyrrell alludes {History of England^ ii. 845) to this " Poll-Tax," as
recorded by Walter of Coventry^ and, after specifying the details, re-
marks — " I take the more notice of this, because it is mentioned in no
other author." He should have cited —not that writer but — the Annals
of Waverleyf as the sole chronicler of this aid for the Holy Land in the
following passage, which will be seen to agree exactly with the records
above cited : —
M.CC.xxii.
Hoc anno concessit rex Henricus de tola Anglia per consilium domini
S. Cantuar^ archiepiscopi et aliorum magnatum terre in subsidium Terre
Sancte adquirende de quolibet comite iii. marcas de quolibet barone
j. marcam de quolibet milite xii, denarios de quolibet libero homine^
;'. denarium de quolibet homine habente catallum ad vcUentiam dimid*
* The former arrangement was for the assessment to be made before
I August, the collection on Michaelmas day, and the delivery of the
money in London not later than the feast oi All Saints (1 Nov. 1222).
' Printed in Rot. Litt, Claus. i. 567 a, b.
' Annates Monastici (ed. Luard), ii. 296.
*• The writer is evidently quoting from the earlier writ of 25 June
1222.
26 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
mardj. denarium Set concessio ista parum out nichil profitit quia did
postea contradictum est et ad effectum minime perductum, {Cotton MS.
Vespasian A. xvi. f. 113.]
Returning to the Fifteenth, attention may be called to what Carte^
has somewhat too hastily asserted : —
''It was still apprehended, that the sum proposed to be raised by the
fifteenth would not be equal to the charge of the great armament, for
Guienne : and an order was issued for all laymen of full age, that held
a knight's fee, and had not yet been knighted, to come, under pain of for-
feiting their lands, and receive knighthood before the close of Easter."
It happens, however, that the order in question was made 16 Nov.
1224, three months before the Fifteenth was granted, and could in no
way, therefore, be the supplement to a tax which had then not even been
projected. The writ, referred to by the historian and addressed to all
-the sheriffs, runs thus :—
16 Nov, De militibus "1 Rex vicecomiti Lancastt^ salutem Precipimus tibi quod
1224. faciendis J sine dilacione clamari facias per totam Bailliam tuam
quod unusquisque laicus plene etatis qui feodum unius
militis V el plus tenet in Baillia tua et miles non est quod arma capiat et
se militem fieri faciat citra clausum^ Pascha anno ix* sicut feodum vel
feoda sua que tenet diligit. Teste ut supra [i.e. rege apud Westm^ xvi die
Novembris\ [Close Roll^ 9 Hen, III, part i, »f. 17 dorso.]
Not only the tenants of the king in capite^ but also those who held
under them were in like manner compelled to come and take knighthood.
In proof whereof take the following from the Close Roll* (11 Hen, III.
m, 18): —
20 Feb. De militibus "1 Mandatum est vicecomiti Ebor' quod distringat omnes illos
1226-7. faciendis J in baillia sua qui tenent de W, comite Albemarlie per
servicium militare et plene etatis sunt quod circa 'clausum
Pascha anno regni nostri xi* arma capiant et se milites fieri faciant.
Teste ut supra [i.e. rege apud IVestm* xx die Februarii anno regni
nostri xi*\.
These entries throw a strange light on the " age of chivalry." It is a
general and popular belief that in those early days some act of personal
valour, or at least some experience in the field, was needed before an
aspirant to military honour could win his spurs. If we are to believe the
records before us, no other qualification was needed than to hold one or
more knight's fees of the king in chief. Nay, to be a tenant of the
king's tenant entailed, as we have seen, the same obligation which after
all was only a device adopted by Henry to raise money, of which
throughout his long reign he always stood greatly in want. Whether
* A General History of England^ ii. 29.
' 6 April 1225. • Printed in Rot, Litt, Claus. ii. 69 b,
* Printed in Rot, Litt. Claus, ii. 172 a.
HENRY THE THIRD 2J
his tenant did or did not accept knighthood, there was always a fine to
be paid. Any reluctance led only to a temporary respite which in its
turn was an excuse for exacting a money payment.
Such respites are frequently inrolled in some such form as follows : —
De respectu "I Dominus rex dedit respectum Hu^oni de Chastillun de se
militie J militefaciendo usque adfestum Sancti Michaelis proximo 4 May
futurum et mandatum est Galfrido de Say quod eum non ^225.
distringat ad se militem faciendum citra terminum ilium. Teste ut
supra [i.e. rege apud Westni iiij die Maii anno regni nostri nono\
Mandatum est vicecomiti Bu^ quod occasions precepti quod dominus
rex fecit de omnibus illis militibus faciendis ante PascfC Clausum anno
etc. nono qui feodum j. militis vel plus tenent in ballia sua non distringat
Hugonem de Chastillun ad se militem faciendum citra festum Sancti
Michaelis anno eodem quia usque terminum ilium ei respectum inde con-
cessit. Teste uf supra. [Close Roll^ 9 Hen, III. part 2, m. 14.]
Similar respite is given (8 April 1225) to IVilliam de Stafford and
Geoffrey Lestraunge.
In 1254 the names of those who held lands of ;^2o yearly value in
the several counties were returned under the following circumstances.
While the king was in Gascony, whither he had gone in the pre-
ceding August, he issued his writ to all the sheriffs in England, tested
II February in his 38th year (1253-4) by the queen and Richard t,2xl of
Cornwall^ at Windsor.' Reciting that, whereas the earls, barons and
other magnates had promised to be at London in three weeks from
Easter-day, ready and well-equipped with horses and arms to go to
Portsmouth, and there embark for Gascony in order to assist him against
the threatened invasion of that country in the ensuing summer by the
king of Castile^ and every sheriff had been commanded to distrain for
the same all those in his bailiwick who held lands of ;£20 yearly value of
himself in capitCy or of those under age and in ward to the crown ; the
king now further ordered that, beside all these, the sheriff should cause
to come before the council, at Westminster in the quinzaine of Easter,
two knights of his county, who should be elected as representing all its
inhabitants, in order to provide, together with other knights similarly
summoned for this purpose, what aid should be granted to the king in
his necessity. The sheriff was further enjoined to explain the matter
fully, so that the two knights elected might answer to the council for
every person in their own county concerning the proposed aid.
Paris records (ed. Luard, v. 440) the failure of the application for
money, because the barons discovered that the king's statements were
absolutely false. Although Henry pretended to be in danger, he had
come to an agreement with Alfonso^ who not long after (22 April 1254}
released by charter all his rights in Gascony to the king of England SLud
* Printed in Rot. Litt. Claus. ii. 36 a.
' Close Roily 38 Hen. III. x^ 13 dorso.
28 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Edward his son,' and gave to the latter in marriage Eleanor^ his half
sister, daughter of Ferdinand III. king of Castile by his second wife,
Jane countess of Ponthieu}
The shmff oi Zjincashire made his return in answer to the king*s writ,
as follows ; —
Lancaster*.
Nomina' eorum qui tenent viginti libratas terrae in capite
de domino rege in comitatu Lane'.
t Wiirm's le Butiler
If Robertus de Stokeport
t Wiirm's de Clifton'
^ Johannes filius Galfridi tenet terram Theobald! le Butiler
in com. Lane' qui est in custodia.
^ Ben [ed ictus] Gerneht.
[Cotton MS, Claudius C. ii. fol. 17 b.]
Two years later the royal net took a wider sweep, and enmeshed for
knighthood all those throughout England who held lands to the yearly
value of ;^I5. The king's writ* complains of having many times {Cum
pluries tibi fireceperimus) commanded the sheriff (of such a county) that
he should distrain all those in his bailiwick who have £1$ of lands, and
hold by knight's service (no matter of whom), and are not knights, to get
themselves made knights, or to fine with the king for having respite of
the same. The names of all such persons with the quantity of land each
one of them holds, and its yearly value, are to be returned. Manifest
negligence has been shown herein, because so few come forward in order
to gain such respite. The sheriflf of every county in England is now,
therefore, strictly enjoined to execute the king's commands without
delay, so that the names of all those who hold land to the yearly value
of;^i5 or more by knight's service may be returned in writing before the
coming feast of the Assumption B. V. M. f 15 Aug. 1256). Witness the
king at Bristol 15 July in the 40th year of his reign (1356).
* Faidera^ i. 300. Edward was then nearly fifteen years old, having
been bom at Westminster on the 17th {Paris^ ed. Luard, iii. 539) or i8th
{Annates Monastici, i. 112, 257; ii. 88, 121, &c.) of June in the year
1239, and named after Edward the Confessor. He was knighted at
Burgos 30 Dec. 1254 by Alfonso, [See Add. Charter 24,804.]
' Carte ^ ii. 102. See also Foedera^ i. 304, 306, 310.
* I have not succeeded in discovering the original return, and so
content myself with quoting the manuscript, which is written in the
beautifully neat hand q{ Robert Glover^ Somerset Herald.
* See Cotton MS. Claudius C. ii. fol. 25, for copies of this writ and of
the returns made.
HENRY THE THIRD 2g
This is the answer of the sherifT of Lancashire : —
Nobili viro^ et discrete ac domino si placet reverendo
domino H. de Weyngeham cancellario domini regis suus in
omnibus devotus P.* de Ulnesby^ vicecomes Lancastr^ salutem
et paratam ad obsequia voluntatem Dominationi vestre noti-
ficetur me mandatum domini regis suscepisse quod omnes de
balliva mea qui habent quindecim libratas terre et amplius et
tenent per servicium militare de quibuscunque teneant et
milites non sunt destringerem ad se milites faciendos vel ad
finem cum domino rege faciendum pro respectu habendo de
milicia sua etc, Hinc est quod nomina eorum una cum valore
terrarum suarum qui xv libratas terre et plus habent ut pre-
dictum est de balliva mea per latorem presencium vobis
inscriptis transmitto videlicet Nomen Roberti Banastre qui
xl libratas terre habet et plus Will'i le Molineus qui xv
libratas terre habet et plus Petri de Bumhul qui xv habet
ut dicitur Johannis de Hacomshow qui xx libratas habet et
plus Benedicti Gernet qui xx libratas terre habet et plus
Walteri de Lindeshey qui tenet de domino rege in capite in
baronia Alani de Coupland qui xx habet et plus Johannis
de Kirkeby qui xx libratas terre habet et plus Unde omnes
isti destringuntur ad se milites faciendos in balliva mea
Quare dominationem vestram exoro quatenus si placet super
hiis et aliis voluntatem vestram mihi significare dignemini
Valeat dominatio vestra.
Nor were these mere idle threats, which were not intended to be
carried out to their due end. Brady mentions^ an illustrative case, in
every way remarkable, considering the rank of the person concerned.
After stating that Roger de Sumery had in 2^ Hen. III. one and fifty
Knights' Fees, he adds : —
"In the Seventeenth of the same King, all his Lands in Worcester-
shire were seized, for neglecting upon Summons to take the Honor of
Knighthood."
• Tower, Misc. Roiis, 19, iw. 11 (13); Cotton MS. Claudius C. ii. f. 31.
• This initial is indistinct I was disposed to read it " H," but the
sheriffs name is Patricius on the Pipe Roll. [Record Society, vii. 145.]
• Or Ulvesby. You have Ulneswalton as now written, but formerly —
sometimes, at all events — Ulveswalton.
« Introduction to the Old English History^ 36.
30 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
This statement as to the seizure of the lands is borne out by an entry
(i2 Aug. 1233) on the Close Roll ol this year (17 Hen, III. m. 6) : —
Pro Rogero de Mandatum \est\ Waltero de Bello campo quod ex quo
Sumery Rogerus de Sumery liberaverit ei in obsidem filium et
heredem Sim* de FrankeP vel filium et heredem alterius
miliiis sui qui de eo teneat de quo constet quodfilius ejus sit omnes terras
ipsius Rogeri quas per preceptum regis in manum regis cep{it] ei reddat
cum bladis et omnibus aliis in ipsis terris inventis Teste ut supra [i.e.
rege apud Ottinton^ xij die Augusti\
Sometimes the sheriff in his officious zeal proceeded to the length of
distraining for knighthood a clerk in holy orders. An instance of this
kind occurs in a Patent Roll of this reign (40 Hen, III. x^. 6},. which is
made in consequence the subject of a special order by the king : —
Pro WilPo Rex omnibus etc, salutem Quia WilVs Gereberti clericus
Gereberti est in sacris ordinibus constitutus nos ad instanciam GcUfr^i
de Caus constabularii BristoW concessimus ei quod ad arma
militaria capienda decetero non distringatur In cujus etc. Teste rege
apud BristolP xvj diejulii [1256].
This digression may be closed with a mandate concerning " neces-
saries " for knighting to be sent to the king at Marlborough : —
De necessariis Mandatum est IVilPo de Plessetis quod sine dilacione
ad militem fac- mittat regi contra instans festum Nativitatis beate
iendum Marie usque Merleberge unam robam de serico duas
robas de panno capam tectum etalia necessaria adunum
militem faciendum. Teste ut supra [i.e. rege apud Merleberge iiij die
Septembris\ [Close Roll, 32 Hen, III. »r. 3.]
^ dfottiett)' of illotoeable eooti^
(*)
A» le** I n a Great Council, holden at Lambeth on the feast of the
Hen. III. JL Exaltation of the Holy Cross in the sixteenth year of
'^232!^' the reign (14 Sept. y32), the archbishops, bishops, abb9ts,
priors and clergy having lands not appertaining to their
/
* No documents foupd (or Lancashire.
HENRY THE THIRD 3 1
churches, earls, barons, knights, free men and villains^ of the
realm {liberi homines et villani de regno nostro) granted to the
king a FORTIETH part of their moveable goods, in aid
towards payment of the debt which he had contracted to the
Duke of Britany.*
According to Matthew Paris (ed. Luard, iii, 121), the king spent
Christinas of the year 1226 — the historian's 1227 — at Reading, whence
he came to London. Having called a council at Oxford in the month of
February following (1226-7), Henry openly declared himself to be of full
age, and announced that, being rid of a guardian,' he should henceforth
manage his affairs in person. At the same time he cancelled and quashed
all Charters of the Forest in the several counties, after they had been in
use throughout the kingdom for two years ; on the pretence that those
charters had been granted, and the liberties written and sealed, when he
was a minor and had no power over himself or his seal. Thereupon
great murmuring arose, and all believed that the justiciar was the real
author of this disturbance. Further, it was announced that all, who
wished to enjoy the liberties heretofore granted to them, must have them
renewed under the new royal seal, because the king deemed their ancient
charters to be of no effect For which renewal fines were exacted, not
according to the ability of the grantees ; but, whatever sum was imposed
by the justiciar, that they were compelled to pay. So Paris j but again he
is not strictly accurate as to the movements of the king, which (as before)
can be gathered with certainty from the Chancery rolls. Henry was at
Reading from 24 to 26 December. On the latter day he went to Walling-
ford, where he remained till 30 December. The last day of the year he
was at Oxford, then at Woodstock from i to 7 January inclusive, next at
Oxford from the 8th to the loth. Then he returned by Wallingford and
Reading to Windsor, which he reached 13 January and where he was on
the following day (14), but at Westminster on 15 January. Here he
remained uninterruptedly up to 20 February, if not later. Next, the
king is found at Canterbury 26 February, and at Rochester 3, 4i 5 and 8
March ; from which point his journeying need not be pursued.
* In the king's recital {Close Roll^ 21 Hen. III. w. 7 dorso) of the
Thirtieth (p. 48), granted 20 January 1236-7, the words are — milites et
liberi homines pro se et suis villanis,
' So Paris^ who calls him "count" {fomiti\ in Chronica Majora (ed.
Luard), iii. 224. Peter de Dreux was at this time duke of Britany and
earl oi Richmond. He was so styled by the kiMj. when he wrote (i i Jan,
1232-3) dilecto etfideli suo P. dud Britant^ etcmniti Richetf^ ^ asking for
a loan of ;^2oo. [Patent Roll, 17 Hen, III, m, 7,]
• He first had (as before stated, p. 5) IVilliam Mareschal as his
guardian, or governor ; and after his death (which happened in 12 19),
Peter des Roches (.'^^ Rupibus) bishop of Winchester.
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Itinerary of Henry III.
Figure i — Clost Roll,
„ 2 — Fine Roll.
„ 3 - Palenl Roll.
The Text letters, B, tf, denote Sunday in the respective years.
December A.D. 1336.
B 30 Westminster i, 3
31 Westminster 1, 3
23 Westminster 3
33 Windsor i, 2
34 Reading I
25 Reading t, 2, 3
26 Reading i
Watlingford i, 2
C17 Westminster 1,3
18 Wesiminsler 1, a, 3
19 Westminster I
20 Westminster 1, 3, 3
31 Westminster 1
January A.I>. 1336-7.
22 Westminster 3
23
C24 Westminster 1,3
25 Westminster I
26 Westminster 2, 3
27 Westminster I, 3
28 Westminster 1, 2
B27 WalUngford
I
30 Westminster i, 3
28
C31 Westminster 3
29 WaUingford
30 Wallingford
1.3,3
3
FEBRUARY A.P. 1226-7.
31 Oxford
«. J
I Westminster 1,2,
3 Westminster i
January A.D. 1226-7.
3 Westminster 1
I Woodstock
1.3
4 Westminster I, 2,
5 Westminster I
6 3 Woodstock
[
6 Westminster 1
4 Woodstock
3
e 7
5 Woodstock
1.3,3
8 Westminster I
6 Woodstock
1.3,3
9 Westminster I, 2,
7 Woodstock
1.3
10 Westminster I
8 Oxford
1.3
11 Westminster 1
9 Oxford
1,3
12 Westminster )
C 10 Oxford
I. a. 3
11 WaUingford
1.3
€ 14 Westminster I
Reading
2.3
IS Westminster i
12 Reading
1,2.3
16 Westminster 1
13 Reading
1.3
17 Westminster 1
Windsor
■ 8 Westminster I
14 Windsor
1
15 Westminster
I
20 Westminster 1
16
€31
36 ConteibuTy 3
HENRY THE THIRD 33
The Annals of Worcester and of Tewkesbury^ in words of suspicious *
resemblance, and reading like the account of one writer only, say that
the king put off his guardian on Saturday after the Epiphany* (9 Jan.)i
on which day we see that he was at Oxford. So the general council
recorded by Paris must have been held there' in this month, and not in
February. To pass from this point to the other — that Henry pronounced
himself of full age. Whatever may have been the extent of this assump-
tion, as a cover for his arbitrary acts so soon to follow after throwing off
all semblance of the control under which he had hitherto lived, there is
undeniable evidence that grants of markets and fairs were made to cer-
tain religious houses at this very time, in terms which expressly restricted
their being held up to the full age of the king {usque ad etatem domini
regis) \ and, by a coincidence, one of these grants was tested at
Oxford, the very place where Henry is alleged to have proclaimed his
majority.
De feria Prior^ de SnelleshaV habet usque ad etatem domini regis unam 29 Nov.
habenda feriam apud prioratum de SnelleshcU^ duraturam in vigilia '^^^*
et in die Sancte Marie Magdalene nisi etc. Teste ut supra
[i.e. rege apud Westm^ xxix die Novembris\
De mercato Abbas^ WestnC habet usque ad etatem domini regis unum i Dec
mercatum apud manerium suum de Morton^ singulis ***^*
septimanis per diem Veneris de concessione domini regis Et mandatum
est vicccomiti Glouc' etc. Teste rege apud Westm^ j die Decembris,
De mercato Prior^ de Wudebrige habet usque ad etatem domini regis i Dec.
habendo unum mercatum apud Wudebrige manerium suum singulis ^^^*
septimanis per diem Mercurii nisi etc, Et mandatum est
vicccomiti SuJP etc. Teste ut supra [i.e. rege apud Wcstm^ j die Decern-
bris].
Pro abbate Dominus^ rex concessit abbati Westm^ quod mercatum quoa g Jan.
Westm' ei prius concessum fuit tenendum usque cut etatetn domini 1226-7.
regis apud manerium suum de Morton^ singulis septimanis
per diem Veneris de cetero teneatur ibidem per diem Martis nisi etc, Et
mandatum est vicccomiti Glouc^ etc. Teste rege apud Oxon^ viij die
Januarii,
* Anncdes Monastici (ed. Luard), i. 69 ; iv. 419.
2 The subject is again mentioned by Paris later in the year (1227)
when, a quarrel having arisen between Henry and his brother Richard^
the latter was joined at Stamford by many great carls, who (among other
things) insisted upon the king's restoring without delay the charters of
the forest which he had lately cancelled at Oxford — **i// cartas^ quas
nuper apud Oxoniam cancellaverat^ de libertatibus forestce sibi absque
dilatione restitueret sigillatasP [Chronica Majora {t^ Luard), iii, 125.]
' Printed in Rot, Litt, Clous, ii. 159 b, 160 a, 165 a,
D
34 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
The form used in the instances above cited is similar to that em-
ployed in other grants of a similar kind, at a time when the king was
widoubtedly yet a minor. Witness the following : —
27 Jan. Dereb* Abbas de Cestr^ dat unum palefriduTn} pro habendo uno mercato
1222-3. usque adetatem domini regis apud manerium suum de Westut^
singulis septimanis per diem Mortis nisi sit ad nocumentum etc, Et
mandatum est vicecomiti Dereby quod capiat securitatem etc. Teste H,
etc, ut supra [i.e. apud Westm* xxvij die Januarii\ [Fine Roll^ 7 Hen, III.
part I, m, 9.]
12 Aug. Pro Osberto Dominus rex concessit Osberto Giffard* quod habeat usque
1 225. Giffard* ad etatem domini regis unum mercatum singulis septimanis
per diem Veneris apud manerium suum de Wyltot^ et
quod habeat ibidem singulis annis unam feriam per duos dies duraturam
scilicet in vigilia Beati Petri ad vincula et ipso die Nisi mercatum illud
velferia etc, Et mandatum est vicecomiti Norf^ quod fnercatum illud et
feriam predictam sicut predictum est clamari facial et teneri sicut
predictum est Teste rege apud Westm^ xij die Augusti, [Close Roll^
9 Hen, 111. part 2, m, $; printed in Rot, Litt, Claus, ii. 57 a.'
If Henry had power to declare himself of age, although not yet
twenty-one years old, it is hard to understand the need for direct inter-
ference by pope Gregory the Ninth who, in a bull addressed to the earls,
barons, and other the king's lieges, urged upon them, as an incentive to
their obedience, the consideration, that what their ruler wanted in years
he made up in discretion ; and that, consequently, he was no longer
to be debarred from governing the realm and handling state affairs.
The bishop of Winchester^ Hubert de Burgh the justiciar, William de
Briwere and the earl of Chester were ordered by other apostolic writings,
not only to let Henry have free disposal of the kingdom, but themselves
to give up without demur all lands and castles of which they had charge,
and to procure from others the resignation in like manner of all other
castles and lands held by them. The bishop-elect of Chichester ^ who had
custody of the royal seal, was further enjoined by the pope to use it only
at the king's will, while striving personally always to incline him to good
by faithful counsel and sound advice. All these several instruments
were dated at the Lateran on the Ides of April in the first year of the
pontificate' (13 April 1227).
However much one may be disposed to rely upon the historian, it
cannot be denied that the pope deserves fully as much credit, because
contemporary, and more, a chief actor in the events related ; and yet he
* Madox quotes entries from the Pipe Rolls (3 and 5 Hen, III.) of
palfreys given — by the bishop of Salisbury (one), and by the abbot of
Burton-upon-Trent {V^o) — for having markets up to the full age of the
king. [History of the Exchequer^ i. 415.]
* Red Book of the Exchequer ^ fol. 121. See Rymer's Foedera^ \, 190.
HENRY THE THIRD 35
writes, at a date two (if not three) months later than the council held at
Oxford, in terms which expressly admit the then nonage of the king.
The whole and sole motive of the papal letters is this. Although still a
youth, if his years were counted, Henry's mind had outstripped his age
and was that of a grown man in foresight and discretion ; therefore his
subjects were to exhibit towards him the same reverence and honour,
and to render the same loyal and prompt obedience that would be his
due, if of full age.
As the king so frequently found it convenient to plead minority, it
may be well to record the exact date of his birth. There are few historical
events that can be proved with such absolute certainty as this, although
Henry's age is occasionally mis-stated by a year.* The fact may be
taken from the Annals of Winchester^ the city in which he was bom : —
M.CC.vij. Hoc anno assisa de terciodecimo facta est ad opus regis
universaliter a clericis et laicis et per vim laicalcm Electus
Magister Steph^ de Langeton^ in archiepiscopum Canf a monachis illius
ecclesie et quia rex eorum eleccioni non concenciehat etc.
H. rex iij. natus. Hoc anno natus apud Wyntoniam Henricus fUius Henry^
regis fohannis de regina Isabella kal, Octobris voccUus Yvn^Tohn
nomine avi sui H\enricus\ born
Thus also many other monastic' annals. Paris has with his own *,j2*^'
hand exactly particularized the date by adding to IVendover's text the
Sunday Letter (G), the Golden Number (XI), and the day of the week
(Monday), in the following passage : —
Eodem anno in die sancti Remigii Isabel Anglorum regina peperit
Johanni regi filium suum primogenitum et vocatus est nomine avi sui
Henricus litera Dominicali existente G. luna vero XI. die Lune.*
All these— saint's-day, letter, number and week-day — answer, and
answer only, to the first of October in the year 1207.
King fohn was hovering about Winchester all that summer, being
there two days in June, six days in July, and five days in August, leaving
on the 30th for Clarendon ; and, making a progress through the counties
of Dorset, Somerset and Wilts, was back again at Winchester, in time to
welcome the heir to the throne, on the ist, 2nd and 3rd of October.
Then, paying a flying visit to Lambeth and Westminster, by way of
1207.
* Sandfordy for instance, in his Genealogical History^Scc, (ed. Stebbing),
Sjy says that he was " bom at Winchester upon the Feast of St. Remigius^
being the first Day of October^ in the eighth Year of His Father's Reign,
An. 1206."
' Cotton MS, Domitian A. xiii. fol. 42 b, ; printed \n Annates Monastici
(ed. Luard), ii. 79, 80.
3 See A nnales Monastici (ed. Luard), i. 29 {Margan\ ^Z{Tewkesbury\
209 {Burton) ; ii. 259 ( Wavef^ey) ; iii. 29 (J)unstaple\ 451 {Eermondsey) ;
jv. 395 {Worcester),
< M^l^f P(V^s, Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), ii. 520.
D 2
36 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Marlborough, Malmesbury and Easton, back at Winchester on the 17th,
1 8th and 19th October.
Thirteenth As the thirteenth exacted from laymen in 1207 has been alluded to
"^vP* above, passing notice may be taken of its origin and mode of assessment.
'* In a general council, holden by prorogation at Oxford 9 Feb. 1206-7, an
aid was granted to the king for the defence of the kingdom, and towards
the recovery of Normandy and other his lands by inheritance.* The
method of collecting this thirteenth is laid down in the king's letters
patent. Every layman to give 12-pence out of every mark's (13^. 4^.)
worth of annual rent, or out of such moveable chattels of like value as he
had on the Octaves of the Purification (9 February), being the date of
the council. Every man — except earls and barons, for whom their
stewards and bailiffs are to be sworn — to swear concerning his own
rents and chattels. Any one convicted of avoiding the tax by fraudulently
removing his chattels, concealing them anywhere, putting them in the
hands of another person, or appraising them below their real value, to
forfeit the whole, and his body to be committed to prison. Every hun-
dred and every parish to be set down separately, so that every township
may be answered by itself. When the justices deputed by the king for
any county have assessed that aid in every hundred, city or town, they
shall cause all the particulars to be transcribed from their rolls, and
delivered to the sheriff for collection fortnightly (^per terminum quindene
in quindenam)y the justices keeping the rolls safely by them until they
carry them to the king. All concerned in this business shall swear to
17 Feb. discharge it faithfully to the utmost of their power in every thing as
1206-7. appointed. Dated at Northampton' 17 February 1206-7.
The statement as to the compulsory renewal at this time of all
charters granted by previous kings, is corroborated by the Fine and
Close Rolls of this year (11 Hen, III.), which record sums of money paid
for this purpose by religious men and others. Among these the abbot of
Fumess paid a fine of 400 marks ; and, of towns in Lancashire, the men
of Lancaster fined with the king in five marks, and the men di Preston in
five pounds ; that they might respectively continue to enjoy the liberties
granted to them by the king's predecessors.
In February and March 1226-7 such entries are frequent.' The
Templars and Hospitallers obtained their confirmation 17 February ; the
priors of Coventry and Dunstable 17 and 20 February; the abbots of
Cokersand and Fumess, 16 March ; the abbot and monks of Vaudey
(de Valle Dei) 18 March ; and so on.
* The words in the Patent Roll (fi John, m. 3 dorso) are ^^ €id defensionem
regni nostri et recuperacionem juris nostriJ^ The Annals of Waverley
(f. 93) declare the object to be " ad recuperandam hereditatem suam in
Normannia et in aliis terris suis,^^ [Ann. Afon. (ed. Luard), ii. 258.]
2 Rot, Litt. Pat. i. 72 b. » Rot. Litt. Clous, il 1 71-176.
HENRY THE THIRD 37
The following extract from the Pipe Roll (i i Hen, III. Rot. i) shows
what is entered of this kind under Lancashire.
Lankastr*
\Rot, I, membr, i]
Will* Com* de Ferar' Gerard^ de Etewell' ut Custos pro eo
reddit compotum de C. et Ixxiiij. li. et vij. s. et iiij. d. ob.
numero de firma honoris de Lankastr*.
In thesauro nichil.
Et in terris datis Rob' filio Rob' Salvag* ix. li. in Stein'ebi
Et Wiiro de Gresel* iiij. li. et xvj. s. in Drakelawe Et
Willo marescair xxxij. H. in Kcrtmel Et Ric' etc.
******
* * * * *
******
[Rol, I, membr, 2]
Nova oblata.
Rogerus^ de Culchit r. comp. de dim. m. pro habendo pone
de tenemento in Bedeford*.
In th. lib. Et quietus est.
Will' de Lauton r. comp. de dim. m. pro habendo pone de
consuetud*. In th. lib. Et quietus est.
Tom* de Gcrsingham r. comp. de x. m. pro habend' custodia
et maritagio Cristiane filie et heredis Alic' fil' Galfr'
quondam in^ ux' ipsius Tom'.
In th. vij. m. Et deb. iij. m.
Abbas* de Furneis r. comp. de CCCC. m. pro habenda
confirmatione Regis de carta Stephani quondam Comitis
* This and the following receipt are thus entered on the Fine Roll^
1 1 Hen, III. part i, w. 11 : —
Lane' Rogerus de Culchit dot domino regi dimidiam marcam pro
habendo quodam pone coram justiciariis ad primam assisam etc,
contra JViir de Bedep de ten^ in Bedef Et mandatum est vicecomiti
Lane' etc. Teste rege apud Wcstm^ xxx die Decembris,
Lane' WilVs de Lauton^ dat dimidiam marcam pro habendo quodam
pone contra Robertum Banastre de consuetudinibus et serviciis de
tenem^ in Lauton^ et mandatum est vicecomiti Lanc^ quod capiat etc,
^ The word "in" is superfluous. The context requires ^^ quondam
uxoris ipsius TomeP
' See Fine Roll, 11 Hen. III. part i, m, 8.
38 LANXASHIRE LAV SUBSIDIES
Moriton' et Bolon' per quam dedit d et concessit totam
forestam de Fumeis et pro habenda confirmadone car-
tarum H. R^s et R^is Ric' et R^is J. de terris
nominatis in cartis suis et pro habend' homagio et ser-
vicio^ Mich' le Flemengf de terra quam tenuit de R^;e
infra Fumeis per x. IL per annum Ita quod idem Mich'
et heredes sui inperpetuum intendentes sint et respon-
dentes abbati et successoribus suis de homagio et
servicio quod idem Mich' R^ facere consueyit Et de
redditu predictarum x. librarum quas quidem x. libras
predictus abbas et successores sui reddent per annum ad
scaccarium ad festum S. Mich' sicut continetur in carta
quam inde habet. In th. CC. et 1. m. Et deb. C. li.
Homines* de Lankastr* r. comp. de v. m. pro habenda con-
firmatione Regis J. de libertatibus suis quas Burgenses
Norhamt' habuerunt die quo Rex H. avus Regfis obiit et
pro habenda confirmatione de pastura foreste Regis et
aliis libertatibus sicut plenius continetur in carta sua
quam inde habent. In th. h'b. Et quieti sunt.
Homines' de Preston' r. comp. de C. s. pro habenda confirma-
tione cartarum H. Regis avi Regis de libertatibus et
^ The king, being some years after given to understand that he had
been deceived in granting the homage and service of this Michael^
ordered the sheriff of Lancashire to cause inquiry to be made. An in-
quisition was accordingly taken by the oaths of Richard de Coplaunde^
Matthew de Redeman^ Geoffrey Balistarius with fifteen others, and entered
on iYiQ Assize Roily Mich. 30-31 Hen. III., for Lancashire. Here also,
after an Inspeximus by the king of sundry grants made by his prede-
cessors to the abbot and convent of Fumess, is inrolled the following
charter, which (so far as I can discover) is not to be found elsewhere : —
M)
[Assize Roll 3 > i. w. 15.]
Carta H[enrici] r[egis] senis. i )
H» Dei gracia etc. Justiciariis Baronibus vicecomitibus et omnibus
Minis tris tocius Anglie Nomtannie et Portuum maris et nominatim
Prepositis de Hampton? et de Hasting^ et de Dovor* et de Barbeflet /st de
Kain et de Ostreham et de Diopa salutem. Precipio quod homines et
equi et omnes res Abbacie de Fumais et Monachorum ibidem Deo ser-
viencium sint quieti de Theoloneo et de Passagiis et Puntagiis et omni
alia Consuetudine quecutnque venerit et nullus eos injuste vexet vel dis-
turbet super decern libris forisfacture. T. etc.
' See Fine Roily 11 Hen. III. part i, m. 8.
HENRY THE THIRD 39
liberis consuetudinibus quas dictiis H. eis dedit et quod
habeant theloneuiti Wapentaci de Aumundernes et
nundinas suas apud Preston' et quod habeant pasturam
suam que vocatur Fulewude sicut plenius continetur in
carta sua. In th. lib. Et quieti sunt.
Walterus* de Paries r. comp. de iij. m. pro habenda confirma-
tione Regis J. de terra quam idem Rex dedit Hug' fil*
Eiward' in Pulton' cujus filiam et heredem predictus
Walterus habet reddendo inde per annum ad scaccarium
XV. solidos. In th. ij. m. Et deb. j. m.
Rob* Greslei v. m. pro falso clamore qui re-
quirebatur in Lincoll' in itinere M. de Patishull' et
sociorum ejus.^
Coming at last to the tax which gives the title to this section, there
was held at Lambeth' in the year 1232 and, according \o McUthew Paris f
on the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (14 Sept), a general
council, at which were present with the king the prelates and magnates.
This must have been a representative assembly, for the words of the king
are precise and definite. In his letters,* dated at Westminster the 28th
of September 1232, and addressed severally to the collectors of the tax,
sheriffs, knights and other his lieges in various counties, it is plainly
stated that the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors and clergy (having
lands not appertaining to their churches), the earls, barons, knights, free
men and villains of the realm granted in aid to the king a fortieth part
of their moveable goods, as existing on the morrow of the feast of S.
Matthew the Apostle in the i6th year of his reign (22 Sept. 1232). These
were defined to be ; corn, ploughs, sheep, cows, swine, breeds of horses
{haraciis)^ carthorses* deputed for wainages in manors : Except goods
which the archbishops, bishops and other ecclesiastics had from parish
churches appropriated to themselves, and from prebendal churches and
prebends, and from lands belonging to prebends and parish churches.
* See Fine Roil, 11 Hen, III. part i, m. 7.
2 Next follow on the roll the several Accounts of Tallage, printed on
a later page (107).
^ Hody explains Lambeth to be ^^Kemngton^ the King's Mansion-
House at Lambeth^ [History of Councils^ &c. 309.]
'* Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iii. 223.
* Ibid, iii. 230. Stevens gives a translation from the text of Paris in
An Historical Account of all Taxes (ed. 1733), 53. Sec Rymer's Fcedera^
i. 207.
* The word "et" appears in the text of the letters as given hy Paris-^
'* equis caretariis et deputatis" &c. This is not found by the inrolmcnt
40 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
The font! of assessment and collection was laid down in this wise : —
Of every entire town {de gualibet villa inlegra) there shall be chosen
four lawful men of the better sort {quatuor de melioribus et legalioribus
hominibus) who, together with the reeve, shall on oath tax and assess
every one upon the fortieth part of all his moveables in the presence of
the knights assessors assigned for this purpose; and afterwards, the
fortieth of moveable goods owned by these four and the reeve shall be
inquired into and assessed by the oath of two lawful men of each town.
It shall be distinctly and openly set down in whose barony and liberty
every town is, and whether partly or entirely. After the Fortieth has
been assessed and reduced to writing, a roll of all the particulars of every
town and county shall be delivered to the steward (or attorney of the
steward) of every baron, or bailiff of the liberty (where any one has a
liberty), so that the baron or lord of the liberty may (if he will) collect
the said Fortieth ; with power to distrain for non-payment. If he will
not or can not, then the sheriff shall make the distress, yet so that the
latter receive nothing, and the whole Fortieth be delivered to the knights
assessors in the largest and most secure town of every county. And for
every town a tally of the sum shall be made between the baron's steward
(or his attorney), or steward of the lord of the liberty, and the knights
assessors : by whom last named the amount shall be then deposited in
some safe place of such town, under their seals, locks and keys, and like-
wise under the seal, lock and key of the sheriff of the county.
Inunediately after the Fortieth has been assessed, the assessors shall
send to the Exchequer their rolls, showing their whole journey ; and, in
like manner, after collection, rolls of their receipt ; the money remaining
in the place of deposit, and waiting the king's mandate for its transfer to
the New Temple, London. Nothing to be taken, in the name of the
fortieth, from any one who has not moveable goods to the value of forty
pence at least. The business to be begun at the latest in three weeks
from Michaelmas-day (20 Oct. 1232), and continued from day to day
until completed. Dated at Westminster 28 September in the i6th year
of the reign (1232).
The knights assessors and collectors appointed for this Fortieth in
Lancashire were William Blundell and Geoffrey Balistarius, who were
ordered to lay up the money received in Lancaster castle. They were
then to take it, under safe conduct of the sheriff of their county, to York
for delivery to the sheriff there, with a transcript of the rolls containing
particulars.^ By another order the sheriff of York was directed to send
the money to Nottingham, the constable of which town was commanded
to receive the several sums collected in the counties of York, Lincoln,
Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancaster, and to
deposit the whole in some safe place in Nottingham castle.*
*
{Close Roily 16 Hen, III. m, 2 dorso) which reads — "equis carectariis
deputatis ad wannagia in maneriis.''
* Close Roll^ 17 Hen, III. w. 12 dorso.
HENRY THE THIRD 4!
This tax produced the sum of 24,712 marks, 7^. sd, or ;£ 16,47 5 or. 9^.;
as appears by the Red Book of the Exchequer^ fol. 180, in these words : —
Summa xl« anno regni regis ejusdem \i,e, Henrici filii
regis Johannis] xvij.® xxiiij mil. DCCxij. mar. vij. s. v. d.
The amount collected from the several counties is detailed in the roll
that was before quoted (p. 15) for the Fifteenth levied 9 Hen. III.
The sum obtained in Lancashire is here set down at £p,^2 lar. 4^.
Rotulus Quadragesime assise et concesse Regi* anno regni
sui xvj.®
Essex'
Wiir de Herlawe Sim' de Fumeir reddunt compotum de
D. et quater xx. li. iij. s. et ij. d. et ob. de xl* Essex'
exceptis terris Episcopi Lond* Marescall' Templar* et
Hospital' et aliis Elemosinis. In thesauro D. et Ixv. li.
vij. s. et j. d. Et in quiet' terrarum monachorum
Cisterciensis ordinis ix. li. iij. s. et iiij. d. per breve
Regis. Et in quiet' terre prions monasterii Cornuti Lvj . s.
IX. d. et ob. per breve Regis. Et in manerio de Purlee
quod fuit in manu Regis xij. s. et viij. d. Et debent
xliij. s. et liij. d. lidem reddunt compotum de eodem
debito. In th. lib. Et Quieti sunt.
^ ¥t * * *
» » # #
^ » » » «
Lancastr'
Will' Blundeir et socii sui reddunt compotum de CClij. H. x. s.
iiij. d. de predicta xl.* exceptis terris Tempi' Hospital'
Premonstratenc' ordinis de Simplingham. In th. nichil.
Et Joh'i Manseir ad liberaciones faciendas servient-
ibus CCl. li. XV. s. v. d. et ob. per breve Regis. Et Galfr*
Balistar' et soc' suis pro carianda predicta xl.* usque Not-
ingham xxxiiij. s. et x. d. per breve Regis. Et Quieti sunt.
{Foreign Accounts^ Roll n® i, Ro, 6.]
* By the endorsement on the second of two membranes sewn
together : —
" Rotulus de quadragesima assisa in Anglia et Regi H. concessa a^
regni ejusdem sextodecimo.''
42 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Fortieth There was a Fortieth levied during the previous reign in tlie year
in aid of x2oo, or i2oi ; but that was a voluntary contribution rather than a tax.
jerusa em. ^^^^ disasters which had befallen the crusaders were dwelt upon with
great minuteness, in a letter written by the Master of the Hospital in
Jerusalem to the prior and brethren of the same order throughout
England, and speedy relief in men and money was implored. The pope,
hearing of these things, sent a cardinal to the kings of France and of
England^ requiring an aid from their territories for the relief of the land
of Jerusalem ; to which appeal both kings readily responded. Geoffrey
fiiz Piers t,2x\ oi Essex, then justiciar of England, in a general letter*
addressed to all the sheriffs within his jurisdiction, informs them that
John, at the instance and preaching of a cardinal sent by the supreme
pontiff into France, with the counsel of his magnates in parts beyond the
sea, had granted towards the aid of Holy Jerusalem a fortieth part of the
value of all his rents and lands for one year, from wards as well as
escheats in his hands. The like portion his foreign magnajtes had volun-
tarily granted, and at their request the king had written to all his great
men of England by letters patent, asking them out of a pure heart and
the prompting of brotherly love (Puro corde et caritaHs intuitu) to grant
the same from all their lands and rents for one year: such aid being
demanded not as due, or of custom, or by compulsion, or on apostolic
authority. All earls and barons of every bailiwick to be diligently
admonished and induced to make the collection in their own lands ; each
giving a fortieth part of the value of any town of his, as it might be let to
farm by the year. Tenants by knight's service to give a fortieth, and
free tenants the same, reckoned on the yearly rent paid to their lords.
The collection to be made by discreet and lawful men, the receivers
then writing distinctly and openly, how much had been contributed,
whether by earls, barons, knights or free tenants ; adding the names of
persons and places, with the sums received from the several towns, and
to whom each town belongs. The amount obtained from the king's
dejnesnes, wards, escheats and rents to be set down separately. Every
clerk having a lay fee, or tenants under him, to contribute. In the case
of crusaders, the money collected from their lands to be laid up apart
from the other ; the sum and the names being written down in order
that those who take their journey shall promptly receive their money.
The collections to be so made that every sheriff, together with the
collectors, shall have the money at the New Temple, London, in 1 5 days
from the feast of Saint Hilary (27 January), and the register stating the
sums given with the names of the contributors and of the towns, particu-
larizing how much from every town.
As the justiciar's letter is not dated, there is some uncertainty whether
it should be assigned to the year 1200, or 1201.* The pope, on receipt of
* Roger de Hoveden (ed. Stubbs), iv. 1 88.
' See Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), ii. 476, where the Fortieth is
placed by Paris under 1201.
HENRY THE THIRD 43
evil news firom Palestine, had written at great length 27 Dec. 1 199 Mo all
prelates of the Universal Church, enjoining them to make their clergy of
every degree provide a fortieth part of their revenues for a year in aid
of the Holy Land ; with further orders as to setting up alms-chests in
churches for contributions of the faithful, the offering of special weekly
masses, the equipment of crusaders and other details. Innocent III.
again wrote' 5 May 1201, and this time specially to the English arch-
bishops and bishops. After dilating on the necessity of increased efforts
to forward a new crusade, he ordered them, as already commanded by
his former letters, to exact, each in his own diocese, from all ecclesiastical
revenues and from the whole clergy a fortieth in aid of the Holy Land ;
the amount collected being employed to that end without any diminution
whatsoever. What was the result of the levy as regards laymen does not
appear to be upon record. No patent roll oijohn exists' before his third
year. There is then found a letter of that king — not dated, but inrolled
between entries of 20 and 28 January 1 201-2 — addressed to the archbishop
of Rouen. This prelate is reminded how in a general council it was de-
termined that the fortieth collected in England for aiding the crusaders
should be taken to Jerusalem by none others than hospitallers, templars,
clerks and knights vowed to the cross who were English^ so that the
money should be only applied to the support of crusaders of the land in
which it was collected ; any surplus being employed as might seem
expedient. But now the bishop of Parts and others having challenged
for themselves some authority to dispose otherwise of the collection
made, the king has appealed to the pope, and in the mean while firmly
prohibits that the money shall be disposed otherwise than ordered. On
the 2 1st of January 1201-2 John^ then at Chinon, issued a circular letter*
to all merchants, announcing that he was sending to the Court of Rome
on his own affairs two messengers who were empowered to borrow to
the amount of fifty marks, for which sum he engaged himself to answer
on production of letters from them testifying the receipt of money so
taken on his behalf. It is reasonable enough to infer that the special
mission for which these loans were required and guaranteed related to
the matter of this appeal now made to pope Innocent the Third.
* Hoveden (ed Stubbs), iv. 108-112. * Hoveden^ iv. 165-7.
' The earliest inrolled instrument of this class is one of 23 Sept. 1201 ;
and Mr. (afterwards Sir Thomas) Hardy expresses his belief {Rot, Utt,
Pat, Introd. iii.) that this patent roll <A'^ John " is probably the first of
that series ever made."
* Printed in Rotuli Litterarum Patentium^ i. 5 a.
44 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
H ^bittittb of mobeafile <$ooli0
payable in moieties
I Dec. 1237 and 31 May 1238.
130 23? TDartlCulars of Account of a Thirtieth part ot
' * 2 X moveable goods received in the county of LANCASTER,
H*** ^iTT ^"^ granted to the king in a Great Council holden at West-
* * minster on the Octave of Saint Hilary (20 January) in the
20 Jan. ^ \ J J/
1236-7. 2 1 St year of his reign.
[nree membranes; Jormerly two, and part
of the same Roll, One {the concluding)
membrane is perfect; the other {which
must have preceded it) is now in two dis-
located portions."]
% What exists is thoroughly legible, and (save a small portion that
is somewhat injured and wanting) in good condition. The list of town-
ships has a special value from preserving the ancient forms of place-
names ; and, for this reason, it has been used in a Comparative Table
of Townships, &c. (see Table of Contents). By the endorsement,
" Tricesima de La . ." on one of the membranes, and from the character
of the writing, it is evident that the levy accounted for must have been
that of 21 Hen, III., since there was but one Thirtieth assessed and
collected in this reign.
Paris has written~very candidly about the circumstances attending
the great council, in which the king required a Thirtieth from the whole
nation. Henry, having kept the Christmas * of his 2 1 st year at Winchester,
forthwith sent writings under his hand throughout England, ordering the
prelates and barons to assemble at London in eight days after the feast
of the Epiphany (13 January 1236-7), in order to treat with him on
affairs touching the kingdom. Accordingly on the appointed day, being
the feast of Saint Hilary, a vast multitude of nobles, representing the
Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iii. ^Zq,
HENRY THE THIRD 45
entire realm, came to London,^ under the impression that they had been
summoned on imperial or other arduous business. They were speedily
undeceived. When all had sat down in the palace at Westminster,
William de Ralegh^ a clerk of the king and one of the royal household,
rose to state Henry's purpose. The king (he said) promised that, what-
ever he had hitherto done, from that day forward he would listen only to
the counsel of his own natural subjects. The keepers of his treasure
having unfaithfully rendered an account of their receipts, he was now
utterly destitute of money, a condition forlorn indeed for a king. He
therefore begged of them an aid, but engaged that whatever sums were
collected should be at the disposal of any chosen from themselves for
this purpose, and should be expended only for uses needful to the realm.
This demand being quite unexpected was received with grave murmurs,
and the hearers indignantly replied that they had been already often
aggrieved by futile promises, and by being made to pay now a twentieth,
now a thirtieth, now a fiftieth ;' and that it would be too unworthy and
injurious for them to allow a king so easily led away, who never extended
but rather contracted the bounds of his kingdom, to extort from them, as
if they were serfs of the lowest condition, so much money and so often,
only to employ it in fattening a horde of aliens. Henry, desiring to
appease this general murmur, promised on oath that never more would
he provoke or molest the nobles of the realm, if only now a Thirtieth
part of moveables should be granted to him and paid. He urged this
request, because but a little while before much money sent by him to the
emperor for the marriage' of his sister, and expended in his own marriage,
had emptied his treasury. To this it was answered that he had done all
these things without the counsel of his own lieges ; and they who had
* " Venit igitur die sancti Hylarii London^ infinita nobilium multitudo,
scilicet^ regni totalis universitasr So Paris, but see below (note i, p. 48),
where the king himself states that the assembly took place a week later.
Moreover, it is shown by the king's teste on the Chancery rolls that,
having spent Christmas at Winchester, he was at Clarendon (near
Salisbury) from 28 Dec. 1236 to 12 Jan. 1236-7; next at Werewell (13),
Reading (15), Windsor (17 to 20), and then at Westminster 22 to 30
January, and at Kenynton 3 to 10 February inclusive (1236-7). {Close,
PcUent, Charter, and Liberate Rolls, 21 Hen, III.]
* These fractions are not to be taken literally. The only taxes of the
kind, which had been imposed by Henry up" to this time, were the two
Fifteenths and one Fortieth, hereinbefore abundantly noticed. This was
the only Thirtieth, and the Twentieth was levied much later in the reign,
as seen below (p. 71).
3 The total amount was thirty thousand marks (;£2o,ooo), paid in
three several sums of ten thousand each. See the order of the king,
made 28 June 1237, for the last payment ^^triginta millium marcarum
in guibus ei [i.e. Imperatori'\ tenebamur pro maritagio dilecte saroris
nostrc Romanorum Imperalricis*^ [Fcedera^ i. 232]
46 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
been guiltless of the fisiult ought not to be made sharers of the penalty.
The debate was prolonged for several days, and the king was compelled
to yield or, at least, to appear to yield. As to the rumour that he had
been seeking a bull from the pope to invalidate the charters already
granted, he declared it to be false. On the contrary he promised from that
time inviolably to observe the liberties of the great charter, and had the
sentence formerly pronounced by the archbishop of Canterbury once
more publicly renewed against all gainsayers and violators of the same,
including himself. By this means he managed to pacify the general
discontent; and, adding to the members of the council the earl of
Warenney William de Ferrars and John fitzGeoffrey^ he made them
swear that they would never swerve from the truth but give him sound
and wholesome counsel. On these conditions, he asseverating yet again
that in future he would give ear to his own subjects only, there was
granted to the king, though not without great difficulty,* a thirtieth part
of all moveables. But, knowing by experience his shuffling and evasive
character, and how no reliance could be placed on any promises of his, ever
so solemnly made, the prelates and barons required from the king a new
charter under seal, reconfirming the Great Charter and Charter of the
Forest, with express words added; that all liberties and free customs
therein contained should be had and enjoyed by the people for ever,
notwithstanding these two charters were made when he was under age.'
His necessities giving him no choice but to submit, Henry executed the
following charter,' which yet exists in a perfect state (though wanting
the seal which it once had) among the Cottonian collection of manuscripts
(Vespasian F. xiii. Art. 3, fol. 5 b.), and is here transcribed at length ; —
Henricus Dei gracia rex Anglie dominus Hybernie dux
Normannie et Aquitanie comes Andegavie omnibus Christi
fidelibus presentem cartam inspecturis salutem Sciatis quod
intuitu Dei et pro salute anime nostre et animarum ante-
cessorum et heredum nostrorum et ad exaltationem sancte
ecclesie et emendationem reghi nostri concessimus et hac
carta nostra confirmavimus archiepiscopis episcopis abbatibus
prioribus comitibus baronibus militibus liberis hominibus et
omnibus de regno nostro Anglie omnes libertates et liberas
consuetudines <;ontentas in cartis nostris quas eisdem fideli-
* ^^concessa est ei non-sine magna difficultate tricesima mobiliutn
quam*^ etc. \Chromca Majora (ed. Luard), iii. 411.]
'It will be remembered that the king was now in his thirtieth year,
having been bom as before shown (p. 35) on the first of October 1207.
' Printed {The Great Charter ^ 68) by Blackstone from an original in
the Bodleian library. There is a very ancient copy well and boldly
written in Cotton MS, Galba E. iv. 57; and an inrolment of the same on
the Charter Roll^ 21 Hen, \\\.m, 7.
HENRY THE THIRD 47
bus nostris fieri fecimus cum minoris cssemus etatis scilicet
tam in magna carta nostra quam in carta nostra de foresta
Et volumus et precipimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris
quod prefati fideles nostri et successores et heredes eorum
habeant et teneant in perpetuum omnes libertates et liberas
consuetudines predictas non obstante eo quod predicte carte
confecte fuerunt cum minoris essemus etatis ut predictum est
Hiis testibus venerabilibus patribus E. Cantuar* archiepiscopo
P. Winton' J. Bathon* R. Dunelm* R. London' W. Kari'
W. Exon' R. Sarr* H. Elyens' R. Line' R. Heref A. Coventr'
et Lichefeld' episcopis W. Valenc' W. Wigorn* electis R.
comite Comub* et Pictav' J. comite Cestr* et Huntind'
J. comite Line' constabulario Cestr' G. Mar[escallo] comite
Penbr* W. comite de Ferrar' W. comite Warenn' H. comite
Kane* H. comite Essex* et Hereford' Simone de Monteforti
Will'o Lungesp' Will'o de Ferrar' Will'o de Vescy Ricardo
de Percy Ricardo de Muntfichet Will'o de Ros Johanne
Byset G. de Umfranvill' W. de Lancastr* W. de Cantilupo
W. de Clifford* J. de Mpnem' R. de Mortuo mari Will'o
Mauduit Rogero la Zuch' Olivero de Vallibus Gileberto
Basset et aliis Dat* per manum venerabilis patris R. Cycestr*
episcopi cancellarii nostri apud Westm' xxviij die Januarii 28 Jan.
anno reg^i nostri vicesimo primo. 1236-7.
[//I dorso] Confirmacio H. r. Gencralis
ecclesiasticis et laycis viris
tocius Anglie.
By writs, varying in date from 26 March to 22 April following (1237),
the sheriffs of various counties were ordered to have this charter of
confirmation read in full county court, and to cause it to be firmly kept
in all things ; as may be seen by the following entry on the Close Roll^
21 Hen, III. m, 15: —
De carta confecta de Mandatum est mcecomtti Comui^ quod cart am
libertatibus concessis a regis quam fieri fecit archiepiscopis episcopis etc,
rege dum infra etatem et omnibus aliis de regno suo Anglie de liber-
fuit legenda in com' tatibus et quietanciis eis concessis per cdiam
Comub' cartam regis eis factam dum infra etatem fuit
in pleno comitatu suo legi faciat et firmiter
teneri. Teste rege apud Westn^ xxvi die Marcii,
Although many counties are named at this point as having had the
same form used for them, I do not find Lancashire among them, or,
48 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
indeed, elsewhere on this roll ; but the writ for the sheriff of Westmore-
land (a county commonly associated at this time with Lancashire and
Cumberland) is entered on membrane 2, as follows : —
De carta liber- Mandatum est vicecomtti West?nerV quod cartam quam
tatum legenda rex fieri fecit omnibus de regno suo de libertatibus eis
concessis in comitatu suo legi faciat et teneri. Teste
[regel apud Shirebume xxix die Septembris,
In the general council (before mentioned) holden at Westminster on
the octaves of Saint Hilary* 21 Hen. III. (20 January j 236-7) the arch-
bishops, bishops, abbots, priors and clergy having lands not appertaining
to their churches, earls, barons, knights and free men for themselves and
their villains {milites et liberi homines pro se et suis villanis) granted to
the king in aid a Thirtieth part of all their moveable goods which they
should have in autumn, on the morrow of the Exaltation of the Holy
Cross next ensuing (15 Sept. 1237), when their corn-crops should be
inned {quando blada sua fuerint coadunaia) \ to be levied on grain,
ploughs, sheep, cows, swine, breeds of horses {haraciis\ cart-horses
assigned for wainage, and other cattle and goods.^ Excepted out of
these were goods which archbishops, bishops, and other ecclesiastical
persons had in parish churches or prebends, and lands belonging to
prebends and parish churches. Excepted also were gold and silver,
palfreys, war-horses {dextrariis\ sumpter-horses, nags (runcinis\ arms,
utensils and vessels.
Collection was to be made by four* knights assisted by a clerk, all
duly sworn in presence of the sheriff. These were to cause to be elected
four lawful men in every town, who were to come to a place named at an
appointed day, and there be sworn — in the presence of the bailiffs, if
these wished to be present — to faithfully appraise every thing at its
common and just value, laying aside love, favour, hate or other impedi-
ment. Afterwards they were to show to the chief Taxors (the four
knights and clerk before mentioned) the particulars of the chattels with
the price set upon them; and then, having collected the money, to
deliver the amount (accompanied by tallies and rolls containing the
particulars) to be lodged in some priory, castle, or other safe place. The
archbishops, bishops, abbots and priors in their own lands and liberties
* Tricesima generalis Regi concessa
" Rex omnibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint salutem Sciatis
quod cum in octabis sancti Hillarii anno etc» xxj* ad mandatum nostrum
convenirent apud Westm^ archiepiscopi episcopi abbates priores comites et
barones tocius regninostri et trctctatum haberent nobiscum de statu nostro
et regni nostri iidem archiepiscopi episcopi abbates priores et clerici terras
habentes^^ etc. \Close Roily 21 Hen, III. w. 7 dorso.]
* The details here laid down agree very closely with the mode of
levying the Fortieth, as given at p. 39.
' For each of the counties of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lan-
caster were appointed two knights only, with a clerk to assist them.
HENRY THE THIRD 49
in the county by four knights of their own, or by free and lawful men (if
they have no knights), in like manner to assess, collect and deliver the
said Thirtieth.
It was ordered that the four appraisers of every town should not
swear as to their own chattels, or set a price upon them, but that other
four men chosen for this purpose should act in their stead ; and that no
poor man or woman, unless possessed of goods beyond the value of forty
pence, should pay anything to this tax.
The money was to be paid at two terms, namely ; one half, on the
morrow of Saint Andrew's day in the 22nd year (i Dec. 1237), and the
other half, on the morrow of Holy Trinity following (31 May 1238).
The king on his part granted to the prelates, barons, and all others of
the realm, that as well the Charter of the Forest as the Charter of
Liberties^ — both which he had before caused to be made — should hence-
forth be observed in all things ; adding that the present grant by them of
a Thirtieth should not thereafter be taken as, or drawn into a precedent
for claiming at another time a like aid.
The king's writ, addressed to the sheriff of Kent^ and giving in-
structions for the levy of this Thirtieth, is dated at Westminster on the
2nd of July in the 21st year of the reign (1237). Similar writs were sent
on the same day to the other sheriffs throughout England, but varying
in different counties the names of knights and clerks, and the day on
which the iter was to commence. For Lancashire the persons
appointed were Geoffrey Balistarius and Adam de Bury^ with Master
Roger de Dereby as clerk.' The money collected was to be deposited
in Carlisle castle, and the journey was to begin in fifteen days after
Michaelmas (13 Oct. 1237). \Close Roll^ 21 Hen. III. w. 5 dorso.]
This tax produced throughout England the sum of 33,891 marks
(or ;^22,594), 2j. id.\ as appears by the Red Book of the Exchequer^ fol.
1 80, in these words : —
Summa xxx*' assise anno regni regis ejusdem \ix, Henrici
filii regis Johannis] xxj.<^ xxxiij. mil DCCC.iiij.^xj. mar.
ij. s. j. d.
^ ^^ Nos autem concessimus archiepiscopis episcopis dbbatibus prioribus
comitibus baronibus et vobis omnibus aliis de regno nostro quod tarn carta
nostra deforest a quam alia carta nostra de liber taiibus quamprius eis et
vobis fieri fecimus decetero in omnibus teneantur,^^ [Close Roll^ 2 1 Hen, III.
;//. 7 dorso.]
' Printed in Rymer's Fcedera (new edit), i. 232, from Close Roll^
21 Hen. III. m, 7 dorso. This writ is immediately preceded on the roll
by the king's general letters (also dated 2 July 1237), from which extracts
have been made in the foregoing note and in note i, p. 48.
* The two last are substituted for William Blundell and RcUph
parson of Barton (to act as clerk), whose name? ^re strucl^ through, and
these written over.
50
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
The entire* Thirtieth received in Lancashire amounted to ;f 493 9^. id,
thus written at the foot of the Account : —
Summa summarum CCCCiiij."xiij. li. ix. s. ij. d.
It was distributed throughout the six hundreds in the manner here-
after following. The sum total for Salfordshire is wanting (this part
being injured), and the shillings in that for Aumundemes are not properly
legible (being more than five, and less than nine).
Salfordshire
Lonesd[ale]
Aumundernes
Derbyshire
Laylondeshire
Blakeburnshire
[ 81
7
8i]
105
4
ICX)
[8]
10
137
I
loi
28
5
2
41
I
7
Total ;f493 9 2
The money collected in each township is carried out in line with the
name ; as seen in this transcript of the first portion of Salfordshire : —
SuMMA DE Salfordshire.
D'^Bury
D' Pennelbyri
D* Totington'
D* Lostoc ...
D' Rumwrd
D' Mainecest[re] . . .
D' Clayton' et Fayleswrd
D* Gurmesale
D* Chorlton et Oponshae
D' Gorton'
D' Atherdowne
D' Salford ...
D' Burgton'
D* Ordeshale
D' Flixton'
D' Pennilton' et Hilt[on]
D' Urmeston*
D' Stretford
vj 11.
xii s. vj d.
ij m*.
vij s. X d.
xviij s. vj d.
C s.
xxij s. X d. ob.
xiij s. iij d. ob.
" X s. X d. ob.
• xinj s. viij d.
viij s. ix d.
xxvj s. vj d.
XV s. xj d. ob.
xiij s. X d. ob.
xxiiij s. V d. ob.
ij m*.
xiij s. ij d. ob.
xxj s. V d. ob.
* So I assume it to be, on comparing the amount with the sum
received for the Fortieth (p. 41), which was ;f 252 los. \d, only.
' Contraction for De^ meaning "of" or "from."
HENRY THE THIRD 51
These sums necessarily resulted from actual valuation of the goods of
individuals, the assessment being then made in the proportion of a
thirtieth part All goods thus valued must, of course, have been stated
in detail by other and previous rolls which are now lost As no better
opportunity than the present will offer hereafter of exhibiting the process
of assessment and return, the successive steps are traced here from
various documents.
Three other rolls of this Thirtieth remain for the counties of Cam-
bridge, Essex and Bedford The two first, made out in the same way
as the roll for Lancashire, may be briefly quoted : —
Rotulus Tricesime in Comit' Cantebrigie
[/;/. 2] Hundred* de Chavele
D'* villata de Kertling' ... ... Iv. solid, x. d. et ob.
D' villata de Silverle ... ... xxv. solid, ob.
D' villata de Chavele xxxiij. solid, et viij. d. ob.
D* villata de Dittun* Valoynes. . . liiij.**"^ sol. et v. d.
D* villata de Dittun' Camoys ... xxiiij.*^' sol. xi. d.
S* ix Libr. xiii. sol. xi. d. ob.
fill
\Exchequer, Lay Subsidies (Cambridge) yj
This hundred (now Cheveley) produced £() 14^. yi, at the other, or
second collection. A moiety is here set down separately on each of the
two membranes that make up the roll, the total amount of the Thirtieth
in the county of Cambridge being ;iC593 lu. 3i^. ; of* which sum the
first payment was £^yzz is, io|^., and the second, £270 gs, ^d.
Rotulus tocius- Tricesime recepte in Com* Essex' Anno
Regni Regis H.^
Hundr* de
Tendring'
D' ^ Dovercurt ... ... ... xix. sol. y. d.
D' Misteleghe xv. sol. vj. d.
D' Bradefeud xij. sol. vij. d.
D' Wrabenase viij. sol. xj. d. *
D* Ocle parva ... ... ... xj. sol. xj. d.
D' Elmestede xxiij. sol. iij. d.
D' Mose* xiiij. sol. x. d.
1 Contraction for De^ meaning "of" or "from."
2 The year is thus left blank in the original.
E 2
52
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
D* Ramesheya
D' Beumund
D' Brumleghe parva
D* Benetleghe magna
D'Wyleghe
D' Wykes Ballat ...
D' viir sancti Osith'
D' Hoylande mag^a
D* Turriton'
xiiij. sol. V. d.
xiij. sol. lij. d.
X. sol. X. d.
XXV. sol. iiij. d.
XV. sol. xj. d.
xxvj. sol. vij. d.
xxxvj. sol. vj. d.
xxj. sol. viij. d.
xij. sol. j. d.
« « «
^Exc/i, Lay Subsidies (Essex) ^]
The total receipt for the county of Essex was ;£7io ^s, \d.
The Bedfordshire roll goes back a stage, and records the names of
persons. I transcribe the list for the township of Tingrye (now Tingrith
in Manshead hundred), because it answers all the purposes of illustration
without much loss of space.
[Hundr' de Mannishevid]
Tingrye
Dominus Walt' viii. H. xiii. s.
Ric' Torond xlv. s.
Will's Bere vii. s. vi. d. ...
Joh*es Torond ix. s.
Will's Alfey xxviii. s.
Henr* Petyt viii. s. viii. d. . . .
Emma de Bosco vii. s. iiii. d.
Will's de Whatele viii. s. ...
Alio' de Whatele xiii. s. vi. d.
Jur' Ad' de Watele xxxviii. s. vi. d.
Gilb* Est xxxii. s. viii. d....
Adam Torond xxxi. s. ...
Petr* f[ilius] Henr* xlviii. s. ii. d.
... Trie'
... Trie*
. . . Trie"
... Trie'
... Trie'
... Trie'
... Trie'
... Trie'
. . . Trie'
... Trie'
... Trie'
... Trie'
... Trie*
^ V. s. ix. d.
xviii. d.
iii. d.
iii. d. ob.
xi. d.
ill. d. ob.
iii. d.
iii. d.
V. d. ob.
XV. d. ob.
xiii. d.
xii. d. ob.
xix. d. q\
XV. s.
[Exck Lay Subsidies (Bedf.) ^j ]
' Contraction for 7>7W/w« (thirtieth). Thus, of ;£8 13J., the thirtieth
is 5 J. 9i//.
HENRY THE THIRD S3
There still remains the enumeration of goods with the value set upon
them ; and for this I am compelled to take one more county — Wiltshire —
and a roll assigned to a much earlier date, the reign of Richard the First.
Although the writing might be taken as belonging to that period, the
fact of a Fifteenth being levied indicates rather a tax of this reign. The
point is not material ; for, leaving its date an open question, the roll
shows just what is wanted, beside supplying some interesting details as
to prices of farming stock in the first quarter of the 13th century, or
possibly (admitting the conjectural date) before 11 99. An ox is valued
at three shillings, a cow at 2s, 6</., a steer {bovettus) from is, yi} to 2^.,
a calf over a year old at a shilling, a sheep (according to age) 4//. to 6^.,
a hog (porker) 6^. Wheat 2j. 8</., barley 2j., and oats u. the quarter.
Goats are named in some entries, and priced at td, per head; one
person in Brudemere (/w. 6) having as many as twenty-six (at 6</.) beside
23 young goats (at 3^.) — De xxvj, capris xii;. sol, De xxiij junioribus
V. s, ix. d,
Manerium de Berewich* de Abbacia de Wn.TON*
De Johanne filio Petri. De vj. Bobus xviij. sol. De ij
vaccis V. sol. De v. Bovet* x. sol. De Cv. Bidentibus
XXXV. sol. Summa Ixviij. s. Summa xv™® iiij. sol.
vj. d. ob.
De Ricardo filio Petri. De vj Bobus xviij. sol. De v. vaccis
xij. sol. vj. d. De iij. Bovet* iiij sol. vj. d. De ij. vitulis
superannat' ij. sol. De xx. multonibus x. sol. De quater
xx*^ ovibus et ogh' xxvj. sol. viij. d. De j. quarterio
frumenti ij. s. viij. d. De ij. quart* ordei iiij. sol.
De ij. quart' avene ij. sol. Summa iiij li. xxij. d.
Summa xv™'' v. s. v. d. ob.
De Ricardo de Berewich'. De xv. Bobus xlv. sol. De
j. vacca ij. sol. vj. d. De iiij. Bovet* v. sol. De viij. porcis
iiij. s. De ij. ruschis xij. d. De Clxxvj. Bidentibus
Lviij. sol. viij. d. De v. quart* frumenti xiij. sol. iiij. d.
De ij. quart' ordei iiij. sol. De iiij. quart* avene iiij. sol.
Summa vj. li. xvij. sol. vj. d. Summa xv"*® ix. s. ij. d.
\Exchequer, Treasury of Receipt. Miscellanea -^J
Having re-examined the roll since the foregoing was written, and
being yet further confirmed in the previous impression as to its interest
and value, I commend it to the attention and scrutiny of Wiltshire
antiquaries. At least, their county can boast of a nominal return which
' A common item is — "/ bulluc^ xv. d*
54 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
is unquestionably earlier than that for any subsidy now known to be in
existence ; unless a fragment, 6} inches long by 45 inches wide, for the
county of Kent (-^t^) be of the same date. This also shows a Fifteenth
which was levied on persons, with these marginal places set against
them: — "Borga de Stanford', Norflete, Wrotham, Otteford', Meidene-
stane, Cussingtone and Sunderesse.''
Paris'^ has recorded the position of affairs as they stood a few years
later, when the hopes raised by the king's solemn and reiterated
promises, made at the granting of this tax, had ended in complete dis-
appointment. A great council for treating upon arduous state business
was summoned to meet at London' in fifteen days after the feast of
S, Hilary in the 26th year of the reign. It assembled accordingly on
Tuesday' 28 January 1 241-2, when the king having demanded money to
engage in a war against France, for the purpose of regaining his in-
heritance and the rights of his kingdom of England, the magnates
refused his request, on the ground that he had so often already wasted
the money which had been extorted from them. On the following day
the king tried, by seeing the barons singly, to win them over, after the
manner (says Paris) of a priest inviting penitents to confession ; but
without, or with very little success.
On further discussion the prelates, earls and barons advised the king
to wait the expiry of the truce entered into, but promised to assist him
with means against the king of France^ if that monarch should break it,
and refuse, after negotiation by means of duly accredited ambassadors,
to make amends for such infraction. They reminded Henry of the
number of aids they had already granted ; how only four years ago, or
thereabouts, he obtained by urgent entreaty a Thirtieth on the under-
standing that this exaction should not be drawn into a precedent ; how
he granted to them that all the liberties contained in the Great Charter
should thenceforth be more faithfully observed, yet further confirming
the same by a small charter ; and how he engaged that all the money
arising from this Thirtieth should be safely deposited in his own castles
under the custody of four magnates —the earl of Warenne being one — by
whose supervision and counsel it should be expended, as necessity should
require, for the advantage of himself and of the realm. Knowing and
hearing nothing of the way in which any of it had been bestowed, they
firmly believed that the king had the whole in his own possession, and
available for use. Besides, there had fallen to him in the interval so
-i. 1 Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iv. 181-188.
' The writ of sunmions, addressed to the archbishop of York with all
other prelates and magnates, bearing date at Windsor 14 Dec. 1241, is
printed by Brady^ in his Introduction to the Old English History^ 87,
from the Close Polly 26 Hen, III, part i,m, 13 dorso.
• " die Martis proxima ante Purificacionem beate Marie anno Domini
MCCxlii. rcgni H. iii. regis vicesimo sexto." Paris, Not 29 (ed. Luard,
iv. 185), but 28 January.
HENRY THE THIRD S5
many escheats from wealthy sees, and from the lands of deceased earls,
barons and knights, that from those alone he ought to have a great
amount of money, if it had been properly husbanded. And more. From
the time the Thirtieth was granted, the itinerant justices never ceased to
go all over England, and adjudge pleas of the forest, as well as other
pleas, whereby all the counties, hundreds, cities and boroughs, and
almost all the towns were heavily amerced. From this source again ;the
king had, or ought to have, a vast sum, if paid and punctually collected.
By those amercements, and by other aids before given, his subjects were
so aggrieved and pauperized that they possessed little or nothing in
goods. Seeing that after the grant of the said Thirtieth the king never
observed the charter of liberties, but had rather broken it more than
usual, their plain answer was, that at present they would not make him
any grant in aid. They desired him to see for himself how the promises
had been kept, which were lavishly made on his behalf by William de
Rale (or Ralegh) when the Thirtieth was obtained.
Whatever effect Henry might have had upon a few, the majority held
out in their resolute denial. At last, in a great rage and calling the
saints to witness, he swore that nothing should deter him from carrying
out his project ; but that, going on shipboard in eight days after Easter,*
he would tempt the fortune of war against the French. So the council
was dissolved, indignation being felt on both sides, but suppressed.
Thus Paris; but Cartel after summarizing the story as told by that
writer, concludes by saying : —
"In fine, they absolutely refused to grant a supply, nor could the
king's sollicitations of the prelates and barons in private, and his pro-
ducing a roll of some prelates, who had agreed to contribute, prevail
with them to alter their resolution. Such is the account, which M. Paris
gives of the proceedings of this parliament : but there is reason to dis-
trust its exactness ; since the Chronicle of Dunstapie^ says that convent
paid a scutage of 40 Shillings a knight's fee, and it is plain from the
Pipe-rolls^ that this scutage was general over the kingdom, and that those
who went over to Gascogne had writs for raising it on their tenants.
and though the king might perhaps levy a scutage, as well
as take fines, in virtue of his prerogative, yet the scutage paid this year
for his passage into Gascogne was certainly granted by parliament. It
appears further from the patent rolls of this year,^ that this very parlia-
ment made the king a grant of the thirtieth of all moveables throughout
the realm ; so grossly is M, Paris mistaken in his account of this
transaction."
* Easter fell that year (1242) on 20 April.
- A General History of England^ ii. 74.
' The words in that Chronicle are : — " Eodem anno [«>. 1242] dedimus
scutagium, scilicet de feudo militis quadrag^nta solidos." Ann, Mon. iii. 160.
* Here in a note— "See Rot, Pat, 26 H III. m, 5. entitled, De
levatione trigesimce Regi concessa,^^
56 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
So far as concerns the scutage of this year (1242) — which I have
selected for illustration hereafter under another heading (p. 116) — Carte
is right in saying that the king had forty shillings (or three marks) the
fee for his passage into Gascony ; but the averment, that there was at
this time granted also to the king's use a " thirtieth of all moveables," is
not supported by the reference given in his note at the foot of page 74 : —
"See Rot, Pat, 26 Hen, III. w. 5. entitled, De levatione trigesima Regi
concessce^^ The roll cited is before me. No such words are found any-
where on the margin of membrane 5 — as they should be to warrant the
use of the term " entitled " — although they are seen to be identical with
those used in the printed Calendar^ of Patent Rolls, p. 19, namely ; " De
levatione tricesimae Regi concessse. 5."
How is this similarity to be accounted for, when this volume was
printed half a century after Cartas history?* He may have had access
— although there is nothing to show that they were then in existence —
to four manuscript volumes,'' the property of Henry Rooke esquire, from
whose executors they were "procured in the year 1775 by Mr. Astle* for
public use," through the instrumentality of Mr. Kipiingf the successor of
Mr. Rooke in his official appointment, and afterwards printed by Order
of the House of Commons.
Other four manuscript volumes, extant in the middle of the last
century and containing also a Calendar of Patent Rolls from John to
Edw, IV., were in the collection of Philip Carteret Webb^ esq., ncft only
an eminent antiquary but an able constitutional lawyer, thoroughly
conversant with the records. These were sold after his death (which
happened in 1770) to the earl of Shelbume (afterwards marquess of
Lan5downe\ and are now among the Lansdowne MSS, at the British
Museum, numbered 302 to 305. The minute points of agreement between
these manuscripts, and those first mentioned as being in the Public
Record office, plainly indicate that both were transcribed from some
common source. Guided by what is said in the Preface, as to the
printed Calendar having been "collated with Two Manuscripts in the
Cottonian Library in the British Museum, marked Titus C. ii. & iii.,"
I have examined the first of these for the words quoted by Carte^ and
this is what I find : —
* Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium in Turri Londinensi.
London, 1802, folio.
* "^ General History 0/ England^ by Thomas Carte an Englishman,"
is in four volumes, issued in 1747, 1750, 1752 and 1755.
' These four volumes are yet preserved at the Public Record Office
among "Miscellaneous Calendars and Indexes," but noted as having
been " superseded by the Printed Calendar."
* Thomas Astle esq., Keeper of the Records in the Tower.
* See First Report on Public Records, 85.
* Mr. Webb was appointed Solicitor to the Treasury 4 Nov. 1756.
He sat in two parliaments as member for . Haslemere, being returned
HENRY THE THIRD S7
Pat. de A«: xxvj« V- 32]
Regis Henr. tercij
Pro Fulcone de castello novo de parco suo infra maner' suum de
Glatton.
Will' Ebor* Archiep' Gustos regni AngP dum Rex fuerit in partibus
Vascon : ac eius potestas. Ac br'ia de intend[end]o direct' Justic*
Hib'n', ac David fiP Lewlini nuper Princ' North walP Ap: Portes-
muth 5 Maij in transfretac* Reg*.
« » « « «
« « » « #
De compoto M. fil' Geroldi Justic' Hib'n' audiendo. [f. 32 b.]
De levacione tricesime Reg* concess*. 5.
Quod negociacio fiat inter mercatores AngP et Wallcns*.
To one, then, of these three sources Carfe must inevitably have gone ;
most probably (I now think) to the Cotton^ manuscript. He could not
by any possibility have looked at the roll itself for reasons which will
presently appear. Those who have used to any extent the printed
Galendar of Patent Rolls must have noticed frequent confusion between
the membrane and the number of the entry. The present is one of
those instances, for tn, 5 should have been n, 5. The Patent Roll is still
before me ; and at membrane 7 there is an entry, numbered " 5 " on the
margin, which is unquestionably that adduced by Carte, It is most
certainly not "entitled, De levationt tricesimce Regi concessce^^ — because
that would be a misleading description — but De providencia contra
/rdt«j/l]r]^/[acionem] /?[egis]. This is a mandate to Hugh de Stocton
and his fellows to receive ;^5oo from the sheriff of Lincolnshire out of
the king's thirtieth; and to keep that money safely until sent for by
Bartholomew Peche and John de Colemere^ in order to be used in pre-
paring for the king's voyage to Gascony {ad transfretacionem nostram
preparandam). Dated at Saint Edmunds (now Bury in Suffolk) 17
March 1 241-2. A little lower on the same membrane (7) is another
mandate to the same Hugh de Stocton and to W. de Haverhulle^ dated
at '^-Chipenham" 28 March 1242, which refers to the said;£5oo; and
directs that, if not received already from the sheriff, other ;£5oo are to
be taken out of the king's treasure, and delivered to Bartholomew Peche^
William Hardel dJi^ John de Colemere, to provide for the king's passage
for that borough in 1754, and again in 1761. [Chalmers' Biographical
Dictionary,']
1 This (say the editors) " seems to have been compiled in the Reign
of James the First, from the Records themselves, by some experienced
Clerk, who has selected from them what appeared to him most useful
and interesting."
S8 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
(ad provisiones faciendas contra passagium nosiruin). On receipt of the
£^QO from the Thirtieth, that amount to be put back into the treasury
Assuming even that a Thirtieth was granted by parliament at the
first moment of meeting (Tuesday 28* January), it may be doubted
whether it would have been possible to get through the business of
appointing taxors, and then of assessment and collection, so as to have
the money forthcoming from the tax actually received, and the accounts
audited by the 17th of March, the date of the order first quoted. Any
speculation on this point is rendered unnecessary by the fact recorded
on the Close Roll of this year, that on the third of February the king
ordered William de Haverhulle^ Hugh de Siocton^ and other keepers of
his treasure in the Tower of London to receive the treasure collected
rom the Thirtieth in the county of Lincoln, which would be delivered
to them by the sheriff, and to see to its being safely kept in the said
Tower until otherwise ordered. There are other references on the
Patent Roll {m, 8) to the Thirtieth of Lincolnshire, dated 12 March ; but
the earliest date (3 Feb.), just mentioned as on the Close Roll, comes so
near to the day for which the council or parliament was summoned, that
it is important to quote it at length. Taking the very outside limits, you
have seven days and no more, thus clearly proving that the Thirtieth
herein dealt with must have resulted from a prior grant made in some
bygone parliament.
3 Feb. De thesauro Mandatun^ est W, de Haverhulle etjratriH, de Stocton! et
1 241-2. custodiendo aliis custodibus thesauri in Turri Lond quod tJiesaurum
collectum de tricesima in comitatu Lind quern vicecomes
Unc^ eis liberabit recipiant et in predicta turri salvo custodin faciani
donee rex aliud inde preceperit. Teste ut supra, [i.e. Teste me ipso apud
Westm^ iij, die Februarii anno regni nostri xxin]
Here is a confirmation of what (according to Paris) was alleged ; that
Henry had yet money remaining of the Thirtieth granted five years ago.
So also what was said about wealthy sees having fallen into the king's
hand is borne out by this Patent Roll. At this moment the king was
keeping void the archbishopric of Canterbury^ and bishoprics of London^
Winchester and Chester (as here called, meaning Coventry and Lichjicld),
if no more ; and taking the profits. Wanting five hundred marks for
the purchase of horses, he wishes (he says) that sum to be taken out of
the issues of the archbishopric of Canterbury; but, as the keepers of the
see have no money at present in hand, the 500 marks to be taken from
the treasury in the Tower of London, and sent to the New Temple : of
which, 200 marks to be delivered now for buying horses, and the remain-
ing 300 to be deposited there until Richard the king's marshal shall send
* Not 27 January— as stated by Carte—for that was on Afonday. See
note 3, p. 54.
* Close Roll, 26 Hen. IIL part i, tn, 10.
HENRY THE THIRD
59
for the money and shall find horses for purchase. The keepers of ihe
archbishopric are ordered out of the issues to replace the 500 marks in
the treasury at Easter. Dated at Holtc 25 March 1242.'
There are indications that Henry was at this time taking advantage
of the lengthening days to visit in person various abbeys and priories,
and beg for aid tOH'ards his passage. In this way he succeeded while
staying at Saiiil Edmund's abbey in getting loo marks, or rather the
promise of so much, from the abbot ; and he had not proceeded far
before he wrote,' informing the abbot, that he had lent the ^100 to
Roger le Bygod earl of Norfolk who was to accompany himself in his
expedition. The abbot was urged to let the earl have that money
without delay or, at the latest, before Mid-Lent {ve} ad tardius dira
mediam quadragesimam).
On the 18th of March' 1241-2 Henry wrote from Saint Edmunds to
his treasurer and Hugh de Slokton^ informing them that certain abbots
and priors, whose names were set down in a writing enclosed, had
granted to him an aid for his passage (concesstruni nobis subsidium ad
passagium nostrum); agreeing at the same time to pay one moiety at
Mid- Lent, and the other at Easter of this 26th year. Tiiey were ordered
to receive that money at the said terms when sent or brought, and to
keep it safely in the Templars' house at London until they should be
otherwise ordered.
Next all abbots and priors, as well Cisfercian and Prcmonslratensian
as of the black order, and order of Smnf A ugusline, were addressed by
letters patent, dated at Windsor 8 Aprii, and asked for aid in money or
in horses towards his passage to Gascony i each house being visited in
turn by one of the king's clerks accompanied by the sheriff of the
county in which it was situate.' Three days before (; April) he wrote to
the heads of the respective orders in Cheshire' in almost identical terms,
the tenor of which is as follows ; —
[DeT succursu in pecunia Rex omnibus abbatibus prioribus
vel in [equis'] domino regi tarn Ccstorc' Premon.str' quam nigrt
faciendo' ordinis* in comitatu Cestr' salutem
Cum ad transfrctacioncm nostram quam in brevi faciemiis
Domino conccdentc tarn in pecunia quam in equis multum
indigeamus mittimus ad vos dilectum nobis Simonem
' Paum Roll, 26 Hen. III. (n° 49), "'- 7-
' The writing is here defective.
' facienda in the roll, as if agreeing with pecunia.
* The omission of the words, it ordinis sancli Augiistinl, which
appear in the other letlers patent, notwithstanding there were Aiislin
canons at Norton in this county, may possibly be explained on the
supposition that this house was amongst those which had agreed to
give an aid to the kiny.
60 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
quondam decanum Cestr* una cum ..^ clerico J. Extranei
justiciarii Cestr' vos singulos prelates attencius rogantes ut
nobis vel in pecunia vel in equis talem succursum faciatis quod
vobis teneri debeamus ad grates et quem succursum nobis
vel in pecunia vel in equis facere volueritis nobis per pre-
- Aprji dictum Simonem sine dilacione scire faciatis litteratorie.
1242. Teste ut supra [t.e. Teste rege apud Windles* v. die Aprilis].
Et mandatum est predicto Simoni quod ipsos abbates et
priores inducat quod domino regi vel in pecunia vel in equis
ad carectas trahendas vel ad summas deferendas succursum
faciant. Teste ut supra.
Et mandatum est J. Extraneo justiciario Cestr* quod
aliquem de clericis suis ad hoc magis idoneum una cum
predicto Simone eidem negocio intendentem esse faciat.
Teste ut supra. [Pai, I?, 26 Hen, III. (n<^ 49) m, 6.]
The persistent efforts which the king made to obtain money for his
expedition are quite inconsistent with the idea of his having had any
such special grant as a Thirtieth. His entreaties for aid from the heads
of religious houses met with greater or less success. Various sums of
money came dropping in, before and after Easter, up to within a few
days of his departure from England. Thus, to mention some of them —
one hundred marks were received 17 April from the abbot and convent
o{ Abingdon} {m. 6), fifty marks 23 April from the prior and convent of
Lewes'^ (///. 5), thirty marks from the prior and convent of Worcester'^
{m, 4), fifty marks' 30 April from the abbot of Hyde^ {m. 4), one hundred
marks 2 May from the abbot of S. Mary, York^ (;//. 4); and so on.
A general acquittance, dated at Merewell 2 May^ {m, 3), and specifying
in detail the particular amount actually received from each, was given
by the king to twenty-six abbots and priors who had discharged their
promise of aid towards his passage {de auxilio quod nobis promiserunt
contra transfretacionem nosirant)* Of these, the most liberal was the
prior of S, Swithuny Winchester^ who gave two hundred* marks. Second
to him came the abbots of Ramsey and Reading with one hundred marks
each. Then the abbots of Hyde and Glastonbury (here G!astingbur*\ and
* Two dots close together are commonly used in these rolls, when
the Christian name is not known to the writer.
' Patent Roll, 26 Hen, III. (n« 49).
' In return for this sum, the king remitted to the abbot the scutage
of five knights' fees out of the service of twenty knights due from him,
as tenant of the king in capite, \Close Roll, 26 Hen, 111, part i, m. 3.]
* Close Roll, 26 Hen, 111, part i.
* The king gave (by anticipation), 17 April, to William Lungespeye iht
two hundred marks promised by this prior. [Patent Roll, 26 Hen. III.
(n** 49) m, 6.]
IIENRV THE THIRD 6l
the prior of Levjes (before*mentioned) gave fifty marks each. So the
sams decreased — twenty pounds, twenty, fifteen, ten and five marks —
down Id forty shillings, severally 1 from ihe abbot of IfV^g'worf, and the
priors of Trcnlham, A/idover and Tutbury}
Orders were issued 25 February by the king to assess tallage on
cities, boroughs, and his demesnes in the counties of Salop and Stafford'
{m. 9) ; and, 1 3 March, in the counties of Gloucester, Hereford, Worcester
and Oxford* (m. 8 d.). Tallage was ordered 23 March to be assessed
also on cities, boroughs and royal demesnes in Ireland ; and at the same
time an aid was directed to be asked from all religious houses in that
kingdom V'"- 6).
All the time that active and urgent appeals were being made in every
conceivable quarter, and every possible device for raising money was
brought into play, treasure was lying stored in other chief towns than
Lincoln. The keepers at Bristol were orciercd 16 Feb. to deliver /1638
to the sheriff of Gloucister^ and on the same day, those at Devizes to
hand over the treasure in their charge to the sheriff of Wills;^ in both
cases for conveyance to Winchester ('«. 10). All the sheriffs were
required 24 Feb. to be personally present at Westminster on the morrow
of the Close of Easier, and to bring with ihem all money owing to the
king^ {m, 3), ivhich must have been of considerable amount, for the pipe-
rolls disclose a long list of amercements in every county, herein corrobo-
rating what Ai//j- has recorded as one of the burdens of the country at
large. The treasurer, chamberlain ami keepers of treasure in the Tower
of London were ordered ri March to let Peler Chitceporc have 2000
marks of Judaism to do therewith what the king had commanded -
(m, B). The king wrote 12 March to the mayor and his barons ofii»«rffl«,
requesting them, out of tooo marks in which they had fined with him
for the last tallage, to pay 200 marks to the bishop oi Hereford* towards
his expenses in going as his ambassador {in nuncium nostrum) to parts
beyond the sea' {«. 8).
In all these various ways, beside others which he employed,* the
king endeavoured to raise funds for his voyage. He must have formed
' For other sums received from prelates in several c
small roll of five membranes which may be found among Exek. Q, R.
Ancient Afiscellanea, bundle 894 (App. aoth Report, [32) entitled on the
cover, "Testa de Nevill— Auxilium pro Vascon', &c. in divers' Com."
Of this roll, two membranes (2 and 3) relate to the aid of the prelates — a
term that includes abbots and priors, abbesses and prioresses — for the
king's voyage to Gascony in 1242, and the other three (r, 4, 5), to the
aid for marrying the king's sister to the emperor in 1235.
> Patent Heil, 26 Hen. III. (n" 49).
» Close Roll, -26 Hen. 111. part 1.
* See Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iv. 190.
' Sec mention elsewhere {p. 117) of the heavy fines exacted, beside
their ordinary scutage, from the king's military tenants who remained
behind iu England,
62 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
"great expectations," when he commanded (lo Feb.) his li
to the making of twelve long carts, and barrels enough to carry ^60,000 ;
for [here is no other way to- interpret the words than as relating to
money. Precisely similar terms were used on a former occasion (p. 17),
when mention was made of ^'■carettas ad deferendum thesaurum quin-
tededme noilrt usque Winton' " and of " xvij barill' ad thesaurum nostrum
inpoiuHdum." But you may judge for yourself. Here is the entry ;—
De carellis el Mandaluni'' est W. de HaverkuW thesaurario quod
barellis faciendis fieri fadat xij longas earttfas cum omni apparatu
earundenfi contra Iransjretademem regis et barillas
ad dcferendum Ix. niilia librarum et duos magruis fumos ferreos ponendos
in nave regis et cum rex scierit custum breve de liberate ei inde habere
faciei. Teste ut supra [i.e. Teste rege apud WindP x. die F£bruarii\.
The king wrote (21 March) to se\'eral sheriflfs,' reminding them of an
order lately made to distrain those who ought to be knights* and are not
{de illis dislringendis de comilatu tuoqui mililes esse dtbcnt el non sunl);^
and now again firmly enjoining them to distrain lo lake arms all ihose
in their respective counties, who have ^20 value and upwards in land
either in knight fee or in socage, or one whole knight's fee in demesne ;
so thai they may give security to become knights, unless they produce
letters of respite from himself.
Having set on foot these preparations, the king, being at Walsingham,
next ordered (24 March 1241-2) the sheriffs throughout England lo
summon ail those who held of himself in chief by knight's service, or by
serjeanly, so that they should be at Winchester in eight days after
' Close Roll, 2(3 Hen. WX.ptirt 1, ni. 10. ' "eor'dem" in orig.
> The form, addressed lo \\\e shey\ff oi Northamptoitshire (Close Roll,
26 Hen. III. part i, w. 7 dorso), was used also for the counties of
Somerset, Dorset, Cambridge and Huntingdon, Worcester, York, Lin-
coln, Warwick, Leicester, Essex and Hertford, CornwaM, Bedford,
Buckingham, Salop, Stafford. It concludes with this warning. "Alios
aulem qui non habent xxlibratas ierre licet teneant feodum miliiis integrum
et illud non haheant omnino in dominico pacem habere permittas Ila quod
eos decetero occasiene milicie sue non distringas sciturus quod si perpendere
possimus quod aliquos distringas injuste contra formam hujus precepti
nosiri ad arma capieuda ad te nos graviter capiemus. Teste" [no date,
but the entry immediately preceding has — " T. R, apud Norwic' xij. die
Marc."]
* See Close Roll,27 Hen. lll.parti{n' 56), wi. 4 dorso, where the king
at Bordeaux alludes to this order (sicuf ultimo provisumfuil antequam rex
Irans/retiiret), and now (1 Sept. 1243) further commands thai the names
of all those in every county, who hold of himself in chief or of others one
knight's fee, be inroUed in readiness for his arrival in England. [RSlcs
Gascons, i, 219]
* Similar orders given on other occasions of the like nature have
been mentioned before (pp. 26-30).
HENRY THE THIRD 6l
the prior of Lewes (before-mentioned) gave fifty marks each. So the
sums decreased— -twenty pomids, twenty, fifteen, ten and five marks-
down to forty shillings, severally; from the abbot of Wigmore^ and the
priors of Trentham^ Andaver and Tutbury}
Orders were issued 25 February by the king to assess tallage on a. n.
cities, boroughs, and his demesnes in the counties of Salop and Stafford ' 1241-^2.
(jw. 9) ; and, 13 March, in the counties of Gloucester, Hereford, Worcester
and Oxford' {m. 8 d). Tallage was ordered 23 March to be assessed
also on cities, boroughs and royal demesnes in Ireland ; and at the same
time an aid was directed to be asked from all religious houses in that
kingdom ' {m, 6).
All the time that active and urgent appeals were being made in every
conceivable quarter, and every possible device for raising money was
brought into play, treasure was lying stored in other chief towns than
Lincoln. The keepers at Bristol were ordered 16 Feb. to deliver (^xt-fi
to the sheriff of Gloucester^ and on the same day, those at Devizes to
hand over the treasure in their charge to the sheriff of Wilts ;^ in both
cases for conveyance to Winchester (w. 10). All the sheriffs were
required 24 Feb. to be personally present at Westminster on the morrow
of the Close of Easter, and to bring with them all money owing to the
king' (///. 8), which must have been of considerable amount, for the pipe-
rolls disclose a long list of amercements in every county, herein corrobo-
rating what Paris has recorded as one of the burdens of the country at
large. The treasurer, chamberiain and keepers of treasure in the Towcrr
of London were ordered 11 March to let Peter Cfuueporc have 2cxx)
marks of Judaism to do therewith what the king had coininandrfl '*
{m, 8). The king wrote 12 March to the mayor and his barons lA I.omtoH^
requesting them, out of 1000 marks in which they had fined with liiin
for the last tallage, to pay 200 marks to the bishop of Hereford^ towardn
his expenses in going as his ambassador {in nuncium nostrum) to part*
beyond the sea' (w. 8).
In all these various ways, beside others which he employed,* t)ir
king endeavoured to raise funds for his voyage. He nuiitt have formed
* For other sums received from prelates in several countlen, nni! u
small roll of five membranes which may be found among Ex(h, (J, h\
Ancient Miscellanea^ bundle 894 (App. 20th Report, 132) entitlird on I he
cover, "Testa de Nevill — Auxilium pro Vascon', &c. in diverV (.'(iiii."
Of this roll, two membranes (2 and 3) relate to the aid of the prelatcn a
term that includes abbots and priors, abbesses and prioreites for the
king's voyage to Gascony in 1242, and the other three (1,4, 5), to the
aid for marrying the kin^s sister to the emperor in 1235.
' Patent Roily 26 Hen. III. (n' 49).
» Close Roily 26 Hen, III. part i.
^ See Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iv. 190.
* See mention elsewhere (p. 117) of the heavy fmes exacted, betide
their ordinary scutage, from the king's military tenants who remained
behind in England.
64 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
was more like a Banker than a General," a fair enough rendering, in
condensed form, of what Paris wrote ; " acsi potius Rex Anglorum esset
nummularius, trapezita, velinstitor, quam Rex et militum Dux.''
Turning now to what was actually recorded by the monk of Saint
Albans}^ the travesty is seen to be complete and wellnigh incredible.
The king having visited certain churches, commended himself to the
prayers of the religious, and bidden farewell to the citizens of London^
took his journey on Easter-Monday to Portsmouth, intending to go on
board ship there. The Poitevins were unceasing and importunate in
making demands of the king, which by their form aroused anger and
shame in the minds of his lieges who were English and thought only of
gaining honour ; for what they insisted on was that, fearing nothing for
themselves who had already begun the contest with success, and not
troubling to get together a host of armed men, he should hasten at once
to their aid with a large sum of money, that being what they wanted
rather than men of whom they had at home enough and to spare. Such
in effect,' neither more nor less, is the monk's version turned freely into
English. The summons ordered by the king contains not a word, not a
hint, about bringing money " in lieu of service," This suggestion is
founded upon a total misconception of the text which ought to need no
further explanation ; but, in order to dispel any doubt that may yet linger
in the mind of any one, the royal writ is appended at length : —
Rex vicecomiti NorhamptorC salutem Precifiimus tibi sicut alias
precepimus firtniter injii[n\gentes quod sumoneri facias archiepi scopes
episcopos comites barones abbates et priores milites et liberos homines qui
de nobis tenent in capite per servicium militare sive per serjantiam et
omnes illos similiter tarn milites qam alios tenentes per servicium militare
vet Per serjantiam qui tenent de wardis in manu nostra existentibus sive
sintwarde de terris episcopatuum sive de terris comitum baronum vcl
aliorum quorumcumque liber orum hominum quod sint apud I Vinton^ in
octabis Pasche parati equis et armis transfretare cum corpore nostro Jia
tamen quodpredicti archiepiscopi episcopi cdf bates et priores qui sen>icium
nobis debent habecmt ibi pro se servicium suum nobis debitum et iia tc
habeas in execucione hujus precepti nostri ne si contingat quod absit
transfretacionem nostram per te impediri ad te nos graviter capcrc
24 March ^ifgamus. Teste rege apud Walsingeham xxiiij, die Marcii,
' Eodem modo scribitur omnibus vicecomitibus Anglie,
[Close Roll^ 26 Hen, III, part i, w. 7 dorso.]
Paris dates incorrectly the king's embarkation at Portsmouth on the
Ides'' or 1 5th, instead of the ninth' of May, as appears by /fenr/s own
' See the corresponding passage in Chron. Majora (ed. Luard), iv. 190.
' Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iv. 192.
3 "Die Veneris post Invencionem Sancte Crucis misit se in mare
dominus rex Angl." — /innals of Waverley, [Ann. Afon, (ed. Luard)
ii. 329']
HENRY THE THIRD
65
testimony to fee quoted presently. After detailing that he was accom-
panied by the queen, his brother Richard^ seven other earls and about
three hundred knights, the historian alludes to the treasure taken on
shipboard being contained in thirty barrels, or hogsheads, well filled —
" et repUtis triginta cadis desideratissimis ester It ngis^ The king's last
teste at Portsmouth is found on Thursday the eighth of May. Seeing
that some little interest naturally attaches to his last few days spent in
England, I venture to give, in the manner before used, a table of his
progress from the first of April down to the eve of his departure. Easter-
day, it will be remembered, fell on the twentieth of April in this year
(1242).
Itinerary of Henry III.
Figure i = Close Roll
2 = Fine Roll
3 = Patent Roll,
The Text letter <P denotes Sunday,
»
»
April A.D, 1242.
April A,D, 1242.
I Royston
1,2,3
22 Westminster
2
2
Windsor
3
3 St. Albans
1,2
23 Windsor
2,3
4 Harrow*
1,3
24 Windsor
1,3
5 Windsor
1,2,3
25 Windsor
3
CIP 6 Windsor
1,2
26 Reading
1,2
7 Windsor
1,3
Winchester
2,3
8 Windsor
1,2,3
©27
9 Windsor
1,3
28 Winchester
1,3
10 Windsor
I
29 Winchester
1,3
II
30 Winchester
1,3
12 Westminster
1,3
May A,D, 1242.
iQ 13 Westminster
3
I Winchester
1,3
14 Westminster
1,2,3
2 Mere well
1,2,3
15 Westminster
I
3 Merewell
1,2,3
16 Westminster
1,2
C 4 Merewell
2,3
17 Westminster
1,3
5 Portsmouth
1,2,3
18
6 Portsmouth
1,2,3
19 Westminster
1,3
7 Portsmouth
1,3
iQzo Westminster
2, 3 Easter-day,
8 Portsmouth
I
2 1 Westminster 3
9 Portsmouth
lVasc.R.'\
* Harghes in these two rolls. Herges in Domesday-book (i. 127 a).
" In Hund. de Gara tenet L. archiep's Herges."
F
66 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Yet again is Paris shown to be inexact. With th« help of this
Itinerary we are able to correct his statement (p. 64) that Henry took
his journey "on the morrow of Easter-day to Portsmouth." Having
celebrated the feast of Easter at Westminster, on the Tuesday following
t^e king went to Windsor, where he made a short stay, moving on the
Saturday (26th) from Reading to Winchester in readiness for the general
muster on the morrow, being the term appointed by the writ above
cited (p. 64).
The earliest teste of the archbishop of York^ to whom Henry at
Portsmouth committed (5 May) the government* of the realm during his
own absence, is dated 17 May on the Patent Roll^ and 16 May on the
Close Roll? The king's anxiety to have his daily alms continued led
him to direct that, of the five hundred persons whom he was wont to feed
every day, three hundred and fifty should be reserved in England to
receive until his return their daily dole at the hands of in?ct John his
almoner ; such diet to commence from Friday the ninth of May, on
which day he tells us that he embarked at Portsmouth. This is the
evidence of the fact : —
Mandatum est* eis [i.e. W, Eboracenst archiepiscopo et Willielmo de
Cmntilupd\ quod cum de quingentis pauperibus quos singulis diebus rex
Pascere consuevit majorem partem in Anglia pascendam reservavit per
fratrem Johannem elemosinarium pasci faciant singulis diebus CCC, et I,
pauperes, ita quod elemosina regis incipiat fieri a nono die Maii videlicet
a die Veneris quo rex naves suas ascendit apud Portesm^ et sic de die in
8 June diem quousque Dominus regem reduxerit in Angliam cum prosperitate,
1242. Teste ut supra [i.e. rege apud Xanctonam viij. die Junii\,
Though inexact as to the precise day of embarkation, Paris^ seems
otherwise to write of the king's voyage from direct knowledge. The first
day — which we are now certain was Friday — when the vessels stood out
to sea, there being little or no wind, they were forced to put back to
Portsmouth. On the morrow, a good breeze springing up, they were
carried to S. Matthieu de Finisterre, where the king stayed the next day,
being Sunday, to hear divine service. On Monday, borne along by a
favouring wind, such rapid progress was made that Henry arrived on
Tuesday (13 May) at the port of Royan in Saintonge, seated at the
mouth of the river Gironde opposite to Soulac in Gascony. There he
landed, and after tarrying some days went on to the city of Pons, where
he was met by its lord, Reginald (or Renaud) de Pons^ attended by other
nobles of the province.
' Rymer*s Foedera^ i. 244.
• PaUnt Roll, 26 Hen, III. (n° 50) m, 4.
' Close Roll, 26 Hen. Ill, part 2, m. 10.
• Printed in RSles Gascons (ed. Francisque Michel), i. page 2 ; also
in Rymer's Fadera, i. 246.
• Chronica Majora (cd. Luard), iv. 192.
IIENRV THE THIRD 67
The king's own report of his voyage (dated 8 June^j though less
stated in detail, agrees in the main with the foregoing, and recounts his
safe arrival at Royan in Poitou, followed by his journey inland to Pons,*
where he remained in the hope of getting satisfaction from the king of
France, Notwithstanding all manner of terms offered on his own part,
nothing had resulted ; and now, in the opinion of himself and of his
council, he was no longer bound by the existing truce, but at liberty to
begin the war, which he could not carry on without aid in men and
money. So the archbishop of York and William de Cantiloup were
commanded to do their utmost to this end, for they were to know beyond
a doubt (he said) that he had fallen into such necessity as to want money
beyond measure, in order to retrieve his honour, with the alternative of
incurring perpetual disgrace in the event of failure. The fines which
had been exacted from those knights who stayed behind in England
were ordered to be remitted ; and, if after this remission they could not
be induced to cross, then a reasonable advance of money was to be
made in order to enable them to join him. The French king was to be
annoyed in the coasts of Britany, Normandy and Boulogne, by people of
the Cinque Ports^ who were to be placed under the orders of a discreet
and faithful commander. Five hundred Welsh men were to be sent
over as soon as possible with as much money as could be got together.
The barons of England were also summoned to come with hot haste by
letters dated 15 June.'
There is no need to continue these details, for they are to be found at
length in several instruments printed by Rymer {Foedera^ i. 244-249).
Besides, it is no part of the plan that I have laid down for myself to
touch upon the history of this reign except in so far as it concerns taxa-
tion. And herein I am yet further restricted by the very title ofnhis
work to that alone which affects the lay people, allowing myself never-
theless the latitude of not drawing rigidly a hard and fast line at the lay
people of Lancashire, when no documents relating to the particular
tax under notice are to be found for this county. If I do not always
strictly observe this limit, I may plead as excuse the temptations that
arise on every hand. The most careless reader can scarcely have
failed to notice how frequent have been the occasions for questioning the
accuracy of historians who are regarded as authorities, and are usually
followed without further inquiry. Even so acute an investigator as Pro-
fessor Stubbs (now bishop of Oxford) has accepted* the date of the writ
printed hy Rymer {Faedera, i. 281) from the " Additamenta " of Matthew
Paris, although it is incorrectly placed by ten years, and belongs to 1 242,
not 1252; the regnal year having been written "xxxvi." instead of
* Rdles Gascons, i. 3 ; and Foedera, i. 245.
' The king's teste is found (Vascon Roll) at Pons from 20 to 31 May,
and again on 6 June, but at Saintes from 8 to 25 June.
3 RSles Gascons, i. 25 ; and Foedera, i. 246.
^ Select Charters, &c. (Oxford, 1884) 370-372.
F 2
68
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
" XX vi." The writ used for all the sheriffs — the form of which was ad-
dressed to the sheriff of Worcestershire — is duly inrolled,* and bears the
teste of the archbishop of York (20 May 1242), shortly after the govern-
ment of the realm had been committed to him by the king (p. 66). The
version? given by Paris agrees fairly enough with the Close Roll ;* but, of
* Close Roily 26 Hen, III. part 2, «. 10 dorso.
- The manuscript (Cotton. MS. Nero D. i. fol. 120, or in) has many
corrections, additions on the margin, &c., indicating that the writer read
and transcribed his original imperfectly. The names of the two knights,
which are given by him as, "Henrico filio Bernardi," and "Petro de
Goldintuna " are entered on the Close Roll thus : —
Hertford' Henr' fir Bernard* de Boclaund'
Petrus de Goldinton'
Clearly therefore the text of Paris is derived from the writ sent to the
sheriff of the county in which Saint Albans abbey is situate. The form
already mentioned, as inroUed and directed to the sheriff of Worcester-
shire, exhibits the rates at which, according to the quantity of their
lands or chattels, persons were sworn to arms (Jurati ad arma) for keep-
ing the king's peace in their respective counties. I print this order,
made in 1242, side by side with an earlier one of 1230, which is the
nearest I can find in date to the levy made in the ninth year (1225) of a
Fifteenth, such arms {armis ad que jurati sunt) being then by express
words excepted from taxation (p. 12).
Close Roll
14 Hen. III. part i, m. 5 dorso.
Rex episcopo Roff' salutem Sciatis
quod assignavimus vos et dilectos
et fideles nostros senescallum
archiepiscopi Cant' Johannem de
Wauton' et vicecomitem nostrum
Kane' ad faciend' arma jurari et
assideri per totam ballivam ipsius
vicecomitis sicut jurata fuerunt
tempore domini J. regis patris nos-
tri videlicet sub hac forma quod
unusquisque habens feodum militis
integrum habeat loricam Qui vero
habet feodum dimidii militis habeat
haubergellum Unusquisque autem
qui habet catalla ad valenciam
XV. marcarum sive sit manens in
civitate vel extra civitatem sive in
burgo vel extra burgum sive in
alia villa habeat loricam Si vero
Close Roll
26 Hen. III. part 2, m. 10 dorso.
De forma pacis Rex vicecomiti
conservande Wygorn' salutem
Scias quod ad
pacem nostram firmiter etc. Pro-
visum eciam est quod singuli
vicecomites una cum duobus milit-
ibus ad hoc specialiter assignatis
circueant comitatus suos de hun-
dredo in hundredum et civitates et
burgos et convenire faciant coram
eis in singulis hundredis civitatibus
et burgis cives burgenses libere
tenentes villanos et alios etatis xv.
annorum usque ad etatem lx» an-
norum et assideri faciant et jurare
omnes ad arma secundum quanti-
tatem terrarum et catallorum suo-
rum scilicet Ad xv. libratas terre
unam loricam et unum capellum
HENRY THE THIRD
69
course, the Sciatts at the beginning is a blunder for Scias. Dr. Luard
has overlooked this error, notwithstanding he had before him plain warn-
ing in the words towards the end (p. 210) :— "^/ ideo tibi precipimus quod
ferreum gladium cultellum etequum
Ad X. libratas terre unum hauber-
gellum capellum ferreum gladium
et cultellum Ad C. solidatas terre
unum purpointum capellum fer-
reum gladium lanceam et cultellum
Ad xl» solidatas terre et eo amplius
usque ad centum solidatas gladium
arcum sagittas et cultellum Qui
minus habent quam xl* solidatas
terre jurati sint ad falces gysarmas
cultellos et alia arma minuta Ad
catalla sexaginta marcarum unam
loricam capellum gladium cultel-
lum et equum Ad catalla xl* marca-
rum unum haubergellum capellum
gladium et cultellum Ad catalla
XX. marcarum unum purpointum
capellum gladium et cultellum Ad
catalla x. marcarum gladium cultell-
um arcum et sagittas Ad catalla
xl* solidorum et eo amplius usque
ad catalla x. marcarum falces cul-
tellos gysarmas et alia arma minuta
Omnes eciam alii qui possunt
habere arcum et sagittas extra fo-
reslam habeant Qui vero in foresta
[habeant] arcus et pilattos Et in
singulis civitatibus et burgis omnes
jurati ad arma intendentes sint
majoribus civitatum et prepositis
et ballivis burgorum ubi non sunt
£t ideo tibi precipimus
quod sicut corpus tuum et omnia que habes diligis una cum dilectis et
fidelibus nostris Will'o Corbet et Petro de Wyke quos tibi ad hoc asso-
ciavimus omnia predicta sub forma prescripta cum omni diligentia
exequaris ne pro defectu tui et predictorum fidelium nostrorum ad te et
ad ipsos graviter nos capere debeamus Retumum autem istarum littera-
runi sine dilacione habere facias omnibus libertatibus de balliva tua ut
omnia predicta sub forma prescripta exequantur Quod si non fecerint
non obstantibus libertatibus predictis sine dilacione id fieri facias. Teste
\V. Ebor' archiepiscopo apud Wcstm' xxdie Maii [1242].
These rates may be further contrasted with others in an Assize of
habeat catalla ad valenciam x. mar-
carum habeat haubergellum Qui
vero habet catalla ad valenciam
xl. solidorum habeat capellum fer-
reum purpunctum et lanceam Qui
vero habet catalla ad valenciam
XX. solidorum habeat archum et
sagittas nisi maneat in foresta
nostra Si vero maneat in foresta
nostra et habeat catalla ad valen-
ciam XX. solidorum habeat hachiam
vel lanceam In qualibet vero villa
extra civitatem et burgum sit unus
constabularius et in qualibet civi-
tate et in quolibet burgo plures con-
stituantur constabularii secundum
quantitatem civitatis vel burgi ad
quorum summonitionem omnes ad
arma jurati in warda sua sine
dilacione et occasione conveniant
et ad inbreviandum distincte et
aperte nomina singulorum et arma
ad que jurati sunt Ita quod singuli
talia arma habeant semper prompta
sicut premuniti fuerunt ad diem
Pentecostes anno regni nostri
xiiij". ad defensionem regni nostri
et suam Et quia predicta forma
etc. Teste S. de Sedgrave apud
Salop' xiij. die Junii anno etc.
xiiij° [1230].
majores
70 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
sicut corpus tuum ei omnia tua dilif^s, . . . Ne pro defectu tui
et predictorum H, et P, ad te et ad ipsos nos graviter caper e debeamusP *
Carte is answerable for the long digression which commences on
page 55, line 23, for I felt it impossible to leave unnoticed his clear
statement, based upon what appears to be positive evidence, that a
Thirtieth was granted in the parliament of 28 January 1241-2. Leaving
to the judgment of the reader what has been here advanced on the
subject, Carte shall correct hhnself. Notwithstanding this confident
assertion of his in the passage above cited (p. 55), he could not have
really believed that the levy was made ; for, in summing up the taxes
imposed during the reign of Henry the Third, he includes but one
Thirtieth, which appears in its proper place in his History (ii. 59) under
the correct year (1237), and neglects entirely to name the tax which he
has put forward so daringly, and in direct contradiction to McUthew
Paris, A^ I had from the first intended at some point or other to quote
what was Carte's belief, resulting from laborious and prolonged research,
as to the whole burden of taxation laid upon the people throughout this
long reign of fifty-six years, the present opportunity may serve the
purpose as well as any other. This is what he says : —
" The taxes in this king's reign (if we except those laid by the pope
upon the clergy) were far from being numerous or .oppressive. They have
been already mentioned particularly ; but it is not improper to observe,
that besides nine talliages and thirteen scutages (one of 10 shillings a
fee, another of 20 shillings, four of two marks, and seven of three marks)
two whereof were aids for the knighthood of his eldest son, and the
marriage of his eldest daughter, and all of them due of course from his
tenants in capite^ by the very condition of their tenure, and accompted
for by the sheriffs among other branches of his ordinary revenue, in the
Pipe-rolls^ there were in the course of fifty-six years, only a twentieth for
Arms, ordered by Henry II. to be made in 11 81 ; as recorded by Roger
de Hoveden (ed. Stubbs), ii. 261 : —
" Quicunque habet feodum unius militis habeat loricam et cassidem et
clypeum et lanceam Et omnis miles habeat tot loricas et cassides et
clypeos et lanceas quot habuerit feoda militum in dominico suo Qui-
cunque liber laicus habuerit in catallo vel in redditu ad valentiam xv
marcarum habeat loricam et cassidem et clypeum et lanceam Qui-
cunque liber laicus habuerit in catallo ad valentiam x marcarum habeat
halbergellum et capellet ferri et lanceam Et omnes burgenses et tota
communa liberorum hominum habeant wambais et capellet ferri et
lanceam Et unusquisque juret " etc.
The persons appointed for the Assize of Arms in Lancashire, together
with the sheriff of the county, were, in 1230, Adam de Biry^ the steward
of the earl of Chester in West Derby, and Roger Gemetj in 1242,
William de Lancaster and Robert de Lathum
* Chronica Majora (Additamenta), vi. 207.
HENRY THE THIRD 71
the Holy Land^ and one fortiethy one thirtieth^ and two fifteenths levied
upon the subject." \A General History of England^ ii. 171.]
Brady y under " Taxes in this Kings Reign," mentions (///>/. of Engl,
672) the granting of a Thirtieth part of all moveables in each of the
years 1235 ^i^^^ '237, but in two marginal notes refers both taxes to one
and the same regnal year, 21 Hen, III., beside quoting precisely, against
the year 1235, the Close Roll, 21 Hen, IH. mm, 1 and 21 dorso, as
authority. Now, Henry% 21st regnal year began 28 Oct. 1236. He
is therefore clearly wrong in specifying more than one Thirtieth to have
been granted to the king at or about this time, such Thirtieth, being
the tax which gives the title to this section. For the year 1242 — the
year oi Cartas supposed Thirtieth — Brady sets down the following, and
no more : —
"In the year 1242. about Michaelmas the King required Scutage
three Marks of every Knight through all England, So Paris, but as
others only twenty Shillings."
The reader and I are in no doubt whatever as to which of these two
rates is correct. We know that scutage was taken for the expedition to
Gascony at three marks, or forty shillings (a mark being 13^. ^d.) the
fee ; and we are sure that it was " required " at some time not later than
April, because several great lords and others had scutage allowed to
them by the king {Tower Miscellaneous Rolls, n° 15) under date, i May
at Winchester: as may be seen more at large elsewhere (p. 116).
9 Ws^tXiXitW in at2i of W^t f^ols ILait2»
(*) •
In a Parliament holden in the fifty-third year of his reign,^ A«» 53
the magnates, knights and other laymen of the realm Hen. III.
granted to the King a TWENTIETH part of all their moveable LHy]
goods, in aid of the Holy Land.
After a disastrous and humiliating campaign, in the course of which
he was deserted by one after the other of the Poitevin nobles who
treacherously submitted to the French king, Henry was glad to come to
1269.
^ No documents found for Lancashire.
' The Parliament, in which this Twentieth was granted, is said to
have been held on the 13th of October 1269; but the impossibility of
accepting this dale is shown below at length (p. 92).
72 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
terms with Lout's. So a truce for five years was entered into, dating
from 21 March 1242-3, and to endure up to Michaelmas 1248. The
form^ of this truce was published on the 7th of April at Bordeaux by the
king's general letters ; and on the following day (8 April), being Wednes-
day after Palm-sunday, the letters of the French king concerning the
same matter were delivered to Peter Chaceporc keeper of the wardrobe.
The account given by Paris places this event about six months earlier
in date, and (if it does no more) implies that, from the necessities of his
position, Louis had little choice but to accept the faintest overtures for
peace. Knowing that Henry ^ who had lost the support of the Poitevins,
was fast sinking into despair, and finding that success in the war ever
favoured himself, he formed the design of following the English king as
far as Blaye, and thence to Bordeaux i^i Henry should go that way),
thinking by unflagging diligence to bring the war rapidly to an end.
But the Lord, who (says Paris) dat salutem regibus proui vultj took pity
upon Henry. Disease aggravated by extreme heat broke out among the
Frenchy their host being too vast to be adequately fed. Supplies ran
short, and the force pined away from hunger and thirst. The country
people had stopped up the wells, and had poisoned or fouled the brooks
and springs, so that the horses died for want of water. Those who fell
sick, lacking quiet and medical treatment, quickly succumbed. At last
so grievous were the losses that eighty bannerets of noble blood perished,
and with them about 20,000 foot. The survivors were seized with a terri-
ble dread lest they might lose their king, who was young and delicate, as
suddenly as at Avignon they had lost his father. Louis was compelled,*
therefore, to accept the five years' truce proposed by the king oi England,
which he willingly, nay joyfully granted ; and then returned home.
To set against this circumstantial history, there is the version of
Henry himself, put forth in a temperate, matter-of-fact letter addressed
to the emperor Frederick. He had evidently failed to discern any
marked interposition of Divine Providence in his favour up to that date
(19 Sept. 1242). Although he knew of the withdrawal oi Louis, he had
not learnt its cause as alleged by Paris; and this, notwithstanding a
distance of but four or five miles lay between the hostile armies. After
the appalling picture, presented by the monk in a few nervous sentences,
* " Rex omnibus etc. salutem* Notumfacimus quod nos pro nobis etc.
cum Ludovico rege Francorum illustri pro ipso etc. treugas inivimus a
festo beati Benedicti abbatis in Marcio usque ad festum sancti Michaelis
quod erit ab instanti festo beati Michaelis in v. annis per totam diem
duraturas Nos autem etc. etc. Teste me ipso apud Burd* vij. die
Aprilis anno etc. xxvij." [Charter Poll(n° 38), 27 Hen. III. w. 12 dorso.
Printed in Fcedera, i. 251, and in Boles Gascons, i. 162.]
' " Coactus est igitur fatis sibi adversantibus treugas quinquennes a
rege Anglorum caute tamen accipere petitas et in Franciam quantocius
ad solitum aera remeare. Quce libenter immo gaudenter illi sunt con^
cessce^^ [Chronica Majora {ed. Luard), iv. 225.]
HENRY THE THIRD 73
of dead bodies lying about in heaps,* and tainting the ambient air with
pestilential odours, it is hard to understand how Henry could write in
such terms as these : —
" After' crossing the river Gironde, having left a strong garrison at
Blaye, we halted opposite that town, because the king of France had
come with his army to besiege it ; but, although he was encamped for
nearly fifteen days at a distance of two miles only from Blaye, his forces
meanwhile having several sharp encounters with our garrison, he never
ventured to come nearer, and so at length returned to his own provinces."
This is the end of the letter (except a few words of formal closing)
without a hint of any truce desired or grant'ed, and without any reference
to the mortality in the French army so forcibly depicted by Paris,
Again' Henry wntes to the emperor (8 January 1242-3), because
(he says) it comforts himself to tell his troubles to one on whose fraternal
sympathy and affection he can count with confidence. He proceeds to
make known that Raymond count of Toulouse^ after entering into a
mutual alliance, offensive and defensive, has broken his oath and sub-
mitted to the king of France, Notwithstanding this defection, and in
spite of the treachery of the Poitevins^ he {Henry) yet remains in
Gascon y, intending to struggle for his rights. There is no sign of
surrender to be traced in his words : —
Nos quidem nichilominus moram trahimus in partibus Wasconie
inimicis nostris gravandis sicut possumus insistenies et reformationi
status nostri intendentes.
In about three weeks after, bein^ then (i Feb. 1242-3) still at open
war with Louis^ he writes to his barons of the Cinque PortSy requiring
them by the fealty due to himself, and by their regard for his person and
honour, to provide all the well-found galleys they can possibly obtain, in
order to vex therewith his enemies by sea and by land, so long as the
war between himself and the king of the French shall endure : as may
be seen by the Charter Roll* (n<» 38) of this year {m, 17 dorso): —
Rex baronibus suis portus de Winchelsse salutem Rogamus vos
attencius quatinus in Jide qua nobis tenemini et sicut nos et honorem
* Dr. Luard has this note — "At the foot of the page is a drawing of
a group of dead soldiers and others ; above, * Pestis morticinii Franco-
rum in Pictavia.' " Chronica Majora^ iv. 225, note i.
^ " Verum postquam aquam Gyrunde transivimus dimissa bona
munitione apud Blaviam^ moram fecimus ex opposito ejusdem ville quia
idem Rex Francie venerat cufn exercitu suo pro villa ilia obsidenda set
cum duobus miliariis a villa ipsa fere Per quindecim dies moram faceret
in castris non ausus est propius accedere licet sui interim cum munitione
nostra fortes habuissent conflict us et sic demum reversus est idem Rex ad
partes suas." [Fcedera^ i. 206.]
' Fader a^ \. 2 So. RSles Gascons, i. 158.
^ This roll is also known as iht Patent and Charter Roll, 27 Hen. III.
74 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
nostrum diligitis una cum aliis baronibus nosiris Quinque Portuum
quibus similiter scripsimus de consilio Bertrami de CryoilP provideatis
vobis de omnibus bonis galeis quas habere poteritis ad inimicos nostros
tarn per mare quam per terram gravandos quamdiu guerra inter nos et
regem Francorum duraverit ita quod inde vos merito possimus com-
mendare. Teste rege apud Burd* j, die Februarii [1242-3].
Eodem modo scribitur baronibus portuum^ Dovor^ de Hasting de Rya
de Sandwico de Heth\ [RSles Gascons, i, 1 59.]
Paris, having committed himself to the granting of a truce in the
previous autumn, when he writes of it again, has to call what then took
place " a confirmation,"* made' on the feast of Saint Gregory, which would
be the 12th of March, unless— as the word Georgii is found in some
copies — it be Saint George*^ day, the 23rd of April. Whichever name
was intended, the actual date was the feast of Saint Benedict abbot in
March (21 March), as before related (p. 72).
Just as the records show, in correction of Paris, that Henry was in
the early spring yet carrying on the war, so they prove that, after the
truce was agreed upon, instructions were issued to refrain from hostilities
by land ; and proclamation was ordered (6 April 1243) ^^ ^^ made in all
English seaports, that no one should henceforth by sea cause damage to,
or aggrieve any subject of the king of Frcmce, and that traders coming
into or leaving England should not be impeded in their property or
merchandize' (w. 10). Henry thought at once (6 April) of his favourite
saints, and their images at home. The crowns of Sdlnxs Edward ?LTiA
Edmund, the nails of Saint Peter, Ihe sword of Saint Paul; all these
were to be well gilt {bene deaurari). Three chasubles, the best and
richest possible, and two silk embroidered copes were to be purchased,
so as to await his coming. Two great lions, face to face, were to be
painted in the west gable of the king's chamber' at Westminster (w. 10).
The royal chapel at Windsor (10 April) to have representations of the Old
and New Testament, and the cloister there to be lined' {m, 9). It was
commanded (3 April), that the chamber in which the Exchequer was
wont to sit, the privy chamber of the same, and the chamber containing
the king's wardrobe, should have plain lining* without other ornament or
painting, so that Henry might find them all ready on his arrival' {m. 10).
* partus by error in the roll.
' Chronica Mttjora (ed. Luard), iv. 242.
* Close Roll, 37 Hen, IIL part i (n» 56).
* ** de plana lambrusthura sine a/iquo alio omatu aut depictu.^^ The
verb lambruscafi used a little before in this entry (guod lambruscari
fiuiat cameram Cv:c.), and in one referred to above {et quod claustrum
regis ibidem lambp^tcari faciant), seems to denote what we call " wain-
Rcotting"; for elsewhere {Close Roll, 36 Hen, IIL m, 12) it occurs in
connection with Irish boards, three hundred of which are to be sent to
Winchester for liiung the queen's chamber — "/rrVi centena de bordis
//tbern[ins] ad camef^am regine ibidem lambruscandam,^^
HENRY THE THIRD 75
According to Paris^ intending an immediate return to England,
Henry sent orders* for the nobles to receive him with joy upon his
landing ; but nothing is found to confirm the statement, that this demon-
stration was actually enjoined to the archbishop of York^ or that the
magnates paced the beach at Portsmouth, day after day, grieving over
their enforced expenses, their eyes the while vainly searching the horizon
for the king's fleet which delayed its coming for months.* Keeping
in mind the fact that the truce was promulgated on the 7th of April,
the king's designs may be clearly traced in order of time from the
rolls.
The justiciar and treasurer oi Ireland were ordered 24 April to send 1243
to the king in Gascony with all the haste possible as much money as 24 April,
they could, so that he might have at least 3,000 marks' (jn. 9). Henry
informed the king of Navarre that he was coming to Bayonne, and
would meet that monarch, if he wished, at a certain place on Thursday
(14 May) before Ascension-day (2 1 May), to treat concerning disputes 14 May.
which had arisen between them' {m, 9 dorso). Being at Bordeaux
II June, he wrote to his treasurer and chamberlain in London for 700 11 June,
marks, in order to redeem certain jewels pledged for that sum, but worth
1,000 marks and more ; requesting that the money should be given to
the bearer of his own letter, because it would be vexing {tediosum) not to
have the jewels before he left Gascony' {m. 7). Still at Bordeaux, he
ordered 3 July the mayor of Bayonne and Peter (or Pierre) Roset to 3 July,
accept from any one the loan of a hundred marks, which Nicholas de
Molis seneschal of Gascony was to have for the royal business ; the
king undertaking to repay the amount when his own money should
arrive from England' (m, 7). The first announcement (that I can find)
of Henrys plans as to going home is in a letter, dated at Bordeaux
18 July, and addressed by him to Drue de Barentine^ in which he says 18 July,
that on the morrow of the Assumption B. V. M. (16 August) he proposes
to go on board ship for his voyage to his kingdom of England. Drue is
ordered to come about that feast, and meet the king off the coast of
Britany, with galleys and other good vessels, well found and well
manned ; so as to be personally present, and to conduct him prosper-
ously to England' (w. 6).
One accident or other yet delayed Henry ^ return,* and it was only on
* So likewise the Annals 0/ Dunstable {Ann, Mon, iii. 162) — ^^Et ad
mamlatum suum proemissum occurrerunt ei omnes magnates Anglicc^
videlicet^ archiepiscopiy episcopi^ comites^ vicecomites^ barones, abbatesy
prioresy milites ct vavasoreSy jocalia ei et munera multa deferentes.^^
^ Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iv. 244, 245.
* Close Roily 27 Hen, III. part i (n" 56).
* An order, that the Friars Minors of Oleron should have wood for
fuel of the king^s gift, shows that he had embarked on the i6th of
September — "Teste rege in navi xvj. die Septembris" (1243). [Close
Roll, 27 Hen. III. part i (n° 56), tn. 4.]
76 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Friday the 25th of September* 1243 that he landed at Portsmouth, being
received with as much rejoicing as if he had come back a conqueror,
instead of arriving — to quote the terms used by Paris — inglorius et
seductus^ He proceeded to Winchester on the Monday following
(28 Sept.), and then by way of Reading to Windsor, which he reached
on 6 October. After a short stay there he went (9 Oct.) to Kennington,
and his teste is found at Westminster from 12 to 27 October.
The king, being greatly hampered with debt by reason of his late
expedition, was compelled at once to devise means for raising money.
The unhappy Jews were always at hand and ready objects for plunder.
From one alone, Aaron of York, Henry extorted four marks of gold,
and four thousand of silver, and with his own hands from every Jew,
male or female, received gold, leaving the silver to be collected for
him by others. The abbots and priors were forced to make him
costly gifts, subject to rejection if he were not pleased with them and
demand for substitutes of greater value.' These expedients came
naturally to an end, and in the following year (1244) the king applied
to the prelates and barons assembled in council at Westminster for aid
in money.
Long and complicated negotiations thereupon ensued which are
described at great length by Paris^ but in a manner so confused that
Dr. Brady^ who usually follows his author with unswerving loyalty, is
here constrained to observe in a marginal note :* — ^^ Mat, Paris hath
jumbled things so strangely together this year, that it is not possible to
make his History and Chronology meet." The final result was, that the
prelates and barons refused to be won over by renewed promises to
observe the Great Charter, and would agree at last to no more than an
aid of twenty shillings the fee from all the king's tenants in chief towards
marrying his eldest daughter.'
Although the date of this council is uncertain, a reasonable conjecture
with regard to it may be made from the following circumstances. Henry ^
upon some pretext or other — perhaps, as Paris says, because two
castles in Galloway and Lothian had been constntcted to the injury of
* To the text of Paris (iv. 255), "et septimo kalendas Octobris apud
Portesmues applicuit," Dr. Luard has hazarded this remarkable note—
"* kalendas"] Sic, probably an error for idus (Oct. 9)";
although in Annates Monastia\ edited by him, the day is very precisely
set down to be Friday 25 September. For example, take these : —
" Dominus rex applicuit in Angliam apud Portesmuthe die Veneris
proxima ante festum Sancti Michaelis." Annates de Theokesburia (Ann,
Mon. i. 130).
" Rex rediens de Wasconia applicuit apud Portesmuth vii. kal.
Octobris, et in vigilia Sancti Michaelis venit Wintonijim." Annates de
Wintonia {Ann. Mon. ii. 89).
2 Chronica Major a (ed. Luard), iv. 373. ' Ibidem^ iv. 260.
* A Comptete History of Engtandy 590.
HENRY THE THIRD TJ
himself, and in contravention of charters— resolved to proceed in arms
against the king of Scotland} He vaguely complains of certain tres-
passes {pro guibusdam transgressionibus quas rex Scocie nobis fecit)]
but, whatever the exciting cause, Henr/s decision was taken after hold-
ing a general council {de communi consiiio regni nostri provisum est\ by
the advice of which all the king's military tenants without exception
were warned, by writ dated at Reading 13 May 1244, to be at Newcastle A.D.
upon Tyne with horses and arms on the first of August; and in like '244,
manner all sheriffs in England were ordered to summon every one,
religious or other, who owed the king service, to have the same there on
the day fixed.'
Henry went accordingly to Newcastle, having (16 July) at Nottingham
given to the archbishop of York^ the bishops of Durham and Carlisle^
Simon de Montfort earl of Leicester^ and William de Cantiloup power to
conduct Alexander king of Scotland and his suite to Newcastle, with
express guarantee for his and their safe stay and return to their own
country. These persons so appointed carried with them to the earl
Patric a letter of credence, by which they were empowered to represent
Henry^ and to hear what satisfaction was to be had for the things done
and attempted against him by Alexander and the earl' {m. 3). Further
orders were given on the 2nd of August* {m, 3) ; and by letters patent,
dated 6 August' {m, 2), Henry announced that he had granted safe
conduct to the king of Scotland and to all whom he might bring with
him, in coming to Newcastle for the purpose of treating with himself or
his council concerning peace, protection being extended to them during
the conference,* and for three days after its conclusion. An arrange-
ment was effected through the mediation of Richard earl of Cornwall
and others, the conditions of peace being ratified by Henry at Newcastle
on the I3lh of August 1244. Alexander^ by charter promised to keep
good faith for ever with the king of England^ whom he called his dearly
beloved and liege lord {carissimo et ligio domino\ and confirmed the
* Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iv. 380. Fordun {Scotichronicont iii.
755) mentions one castle only, called **Ermetage" in Liddesdale. The
Patent Roll, 2Z Hen, III. m. 2, after an entry with the marginal "pro
Comite Ric'o" {i.e. Richard earl of Cornwall), has these words ap-
pended: — Et mandatum est domino regi Scocie quod illud castrum ei
liberet. See Foedera, i. 257.
2 Close Roll, 28 Hen. III. (n° 58) m, 8 dorso.
' Patent Roll, 28 Hen, III.
* Here twice called parleamentum {^Patent Roll, 28 Hen, III. m. 2].
This is an early use of the word, which is found for the first time in
Close Roll, 28 Hen. III. /«. 12 dorso, under date 14 April 1244: — "^/ nisi
libertates ille usitate fuerunt usque parleamentum de Rumenede [error
for Runemede'\ quod fuit inter dominum J, regem patrem nostrum et
barones suos AnglieJ^
* Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iv. 381 ; printed in Fcedera, i. 257.
78 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
agreements which on a former occasion had been entered into by the two
kings in presence of the then legate of the Apostolic See, and also the
contract of marriage to be had and solemnized between his own son and
Henry% daughter.
The Annals of Dunstable} which are otherwise very accurate as to
the events of this year, state that Henry^ after having come to terms
with the Scottish king, returned home and then held a parliament at
Windsor on the morrow of the Nativity B. V. M. (9 Sept.), in which he
restored to the bishop of Winchester his barony. It is certain that the
king restored the temporalities of the see' to this bishop at Windsor
10 September; and it is probable enough that at the council then held
the aid in question was granted.
A supposed Charter of Liberties, dated at Westminster 11 Feb.
36 Hen, III. (125 1-2), finds a place in Statutes of the Realnty vol. i.
28-31; the text being printed from Cotton, MS. Augustus ii. n° 51.
There would be no need to notice it, if it did not embody a clause that,
for the grant thereby made of liberties, and of others contained in the
Charter of the Forest, the archbishops, bishops, &c. gave to the king a
Fifteenth part of their moveable goods. The editors remark {Table oj
the Charters, xiv.): — "Some apparent Errors in this Charter and several
Instances in which it differs from all the preceding Charters, are specified
in the Notes." These errors and variations might well have aroused
attention, especially in face of the coincidence that it is dated on the
precise day and in the same month as the Charter of the ninth year,
hereinbefore noticed (p. 10) at length.
The words concerning the grant of a Fifteenth are as follows : —
Pro hoc autem concessione et donacione libertatum istarum et aliarum
contentarum in carta nostra de libertatibus foreste archiepiscopi episcopi
abbates prior es comites barones milites liber e tenentes^ et omnes de regno
nostro dederunt quindecimam partem mobilium suorum Concessimus
eciam eisdem # # # pro
nichilo habeatur Hits iestibus domino B, Cant^ archiepiscopo T. London^
/oh*e Bathon^ R. Vinthon^ R. LincoM R, Sarebur' et aliis episcopis
abbatibus prioribus comitibus baronibus miliiibus et cetera Datum apud
IVestm* xj. die Februar' anno* regni nostri xxx^ vi".
The attestation clause is singularly defective in wrongly naming four
out of the six prelates, who appear as witnesses. Their names should
have been set down as ; Boniface archbishop of Canterbury y Fulke bishop
of London, William bishop of Bath [and Wells'], Aymer bishop of
Winchester, Robert bishop of Lincoln, William bishop of Salisbury.
* Annates Monastici (ed. Luard), iii. 164.
« Patent Roll, 28 Hen. III. w. 2.
■ tenenentes in the manuscript
* Anno r* r* fir* — as if the writer repeated " regni."
HENRY THE THH^D 79
But, bad as this is, " worse remains behind ;" for the preamble states
that the king acted with the counsel of Guala^ the papal legate, Walter
archbishop of York^ William bishop ol London with other bishops, and
of William Mareschal earl of Pembroke^ in terms that are identical with
those employed (p. 6) in the Charter of 6 Nov. 1217 : as may be seen by
the following extract from the document under notice : —
" de consilio venerabilis patris nostri domini GualV [blank] sancti Martini
presbiteri cardinalis et apostolice sedis cUlegati Walteri Eborac' archiepis-
copi WilVi LondoT^ episcopi et aliorum episcoporum Anglie et WilPi
Marescalli comitis Penbroc rectoris nostri et regni nostri et aliorum
fidelium " etc.
Now, it is notorious that the cardinal left England in November 1218,'
and that he was succeeded in the legatine' office by /^aw^/z^ bishop-elect
oi Norwichy who was nominated by pope Honorius III. on 31 Aug.
12 1 8 («. Kal, Sept.) ;* the appointment being announced on the morrow
by apostolic writings, bearing date at the Lateran the kalends of Septem-
ber in the third year of the pontificate (i Sept. 1218), and directed to
the entire body of prelates ; to the archbishops of Canterbury and York^
severally, with their suffragans ; and also, to the earls, barons and all
* Although the cardinal's Christian name is abundantly proved by the
archives of Vercelli, the city in which he was bom, to have been Guala^
it is Latinized in his own instruments Gualterus^ or Gualterius. Thus
his letter (27 Sept. 12 16) addressed to the French archbishops and
bishops, announcing the absolution of LouiSy and of those who with him
had invaded England, from the sentence of the pope : — " V^enerabilibus
in Christo patribus . . . per regnum Francie constitutis Gualterus
miseratione divina tituli Sancti Martini presbiter cardinalis " etc.
\^Foederay i. 143.] Pope Honorius III., confirming (30 Oct. 1218) the
collation of John de Tebaldo to the church of Lambeth (here Lamhee\
recites at length the letter (17 March 12 17-18), by which the legate
instituted him in the room of Master Gervase [de H obru gge, chancellor
of London\ who had been deprived on account of manifold disobedience,
beside open contempt for the sentence of excommunication publicly
pronounced against him (with others) by name [Foedera, i. 139 ; Paris
(ed. Luard), ii. 644], for siding with Louis and the barons against king
/ohn. This runs : — " GUALTERIUS miseratione divina tituli Sancti
Martini presbiter Cardinalis apostolice sedis Legatus omnibus etc.
Datum apud Malvemiam xvj. Kalendas Aprilis Pontificatus domini
Honorii Pape III. anno secundo." [Add. MS. IS)3SI> ^ol- 233.]
* Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iii. 42 ; Annales Monastici{<^A. Luard),
ii. 291 (WaverleyX iii. S3 ^Dunstaple\ iv. 410 {Worcester).
* The latest instrument despatched by the pope to Guala^ in his
capacity of legate in England, is dated viij. Kalendas Septembris Pontifi-
catus nostri Anno Tertio (25 Aug. 1218). [Add. MS. 15,351, fol. 212.]
^ GUALAE BiCHERll . . . vita, &c. p. 99, note (p).
8o LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
the nobles throughout England.' Pandulf is addressed as "legate"
{Pandulfo Norwicen^ Eledo Camerario nostro Aposiolice Sedis Legato)
by the pope, in a bull dated 5 Sept. 12 18' {nonis Septembris anno tertio).
With regard to William Mareschal the elder who was (as before seen,
p. 5) the king's governor, it is matter of history that, having died at
Caversham, his body, first taken to Reading, was then brought to West-
minster ;' and Paris records with his own hand, that it was interred in
the church of the New Temple on Ascension-day, being the i6th of May
in the year 12 19.*
Not only had the great earl of Pembroke been dead for many years,
but Guala also, who deceased at Rome 31 May 1227, having made his
will two days before (29 May), with a codicil added on the day of his
death.* Yet in the forefront of this charter these two dead men are
declared to be giving counsel, one of them being designated by the king
himself as rectoris nosiri et regni nostri. And this, although Henry ^ now
over forty-four years of age, had long emancipated himself from the con-
trol of any guardian or governor, and was little given to brook advice
from any quarter. Walter de Gray^ the venerable archbishop of York^
was indeed yet alive, but William bishop of London — called 71 London^
in the attestation clause — had long since gone to his rest. Beyond all
these considerations which so gravely affect the genuine character of this
charter, and without laying further stress on the inaccuracies in transcrib-
ing, the implication that a great council or parliament was held at or about
this date cannot be sustained. Having spent the Christmas of 125 1
at York, and celebrated (26 Dec.) the marriage of Margaret^ his eldest
daughter with AlexanderVwL^ ol Scotland^ Henry va^A^ his way southward
by easy stages, through (amongst other places) Pontefract, Doncaster,
Nottingham, Geddington, Northampton and Silverstone; arriving 29
January at Woodstock, where he remained for a few days, and then
^ ^^ dilectum filium P , Norwicef^ Electum Camerarium nostrum . . .
illuc concesso sibi legationis officio duximus destinandum ut omnia facial
et disponed que ad officium legationis , , , disponenda viderit et agenda^*
[Add. MS. 15,351, fol. 217 d.]
' Vatican Transcripts. Add. MS. 15,351, fol. 225.
' So Dugdale in his Baronage^ i. 602, quoting a manuscript in the
Bodleian Library.
* Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), iii. 43.
* " In Necrologio autem Vercellensi Codice 200. archivi S. Eusebii
fol. 1 01. pag. 2. sequentia occumint ^ MCCXXVH. pridie Calend. Junii
obiit in sancta confessione . omnibus suis pro animasua piislocis . et religi-
osis personis solempni tesiamento rite dispositis recolende memorie . D.
Guala Bicherius . in titulo S, Martini de montibus presbyter Cardinalis
....*" [GUALAE BiCHERll . . . Vita et Gesta collecta a Philadelfo
Libico, pag. 7]
* The aid for marrying the king's eldest daughter, and rated at 20s.
the fee (p. 76), was levied in the year 1245. See Pipe Roily 29 Hen. III.
HENRY THE THIRD Si
resumed his journey by Oxford, Wallingford and Reading to Windsor.
Here he rested, and on the before-named nth of Februar)' 125 1-2
(which was a Sunday) he is found at Windsor, granting in perpetuity to
William de Clare and his heirs, at the manor of Little Walsingham, a
weekly market to be held on Fridays, and also a fair — previously granted
by the king to the prior and convent of Walsingham^ but quitclaimed by
them for ever to the said William and his heirs — every year to last for
eight days, viz. the eve and feast of the Nativity B. V. M. (7 and 8 Sept.)i
and six following days : so, nevertheless, that the prior and convent
should find for ever one wax taper of two pounds' weight, burning con-
tinually before the high altar of their church at Walsingham ; as they
had promised. Also on the same day (11 Feb.), with the same teste at
Windsor, he granted' to Walter de Wither (or Wicher) twelve acres of
land in the town of S. Briavel, and that bailiwick in ^he forest of Dene
which his ancestors had had ; To hold the same to him and to his heirs
for ever by doing to the king and his heirs the services therefor due and
accustomed.
Beside these grants which belonged to the usual routine of the royal
dignity, Henry had« then personal concerns in hand. On the 12th
(Monday) he wrote to the sheriff of Wilts, ordering him to see that one
hundred and fifty live bucks (damos\ taken by his own huntsmen in
the royal forests of Melksham and Chippenham, were carried to Free-
mantle and delivered there for stocking his park.* On the Thursday
before (8 Feb.), while at Reading, he ordered forty shillings arising from
the agistments in certain woods to be paid for making two saltatoria in
the same park of Freemantle.* There was at that time no council or
parliament in session ; and it is absolutely certain that the king was not
at Westminster on the eleventh of February in his 36th year (125 1-2),
but at Windsor: as may be seen by the following table.
Itinerary of Henry III.
Figure i = Close Roll.
„ 2 = Fine RolL
„ 3 = Patent RolL
„ 4 = Charter RolL
„ 5 = Liberate RolL
The Text letter, 6, denotes Sunday,
February -<4.Z>. 1251-2. February -<4.Z>. 1251-2.
1 Woodstock I, 2, 5 3 Woodstock i
2 Woodstock I, 2, 5 64 Woodstock i, 2, 5
* Charter Roll, ^6 Hen. III. m. 20.
' Liberate Roll, 36 Hen. HI. mm. 13, 14.
G
82
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
February^. A 1251-2.
5 Woodstock I, 2, 4
Oxford I
6 Oxford 3, 4, 5
7 Oxford 2, 3
8 Wallingford i, 2, 4
Reading !> 4» 5
9 Reading i
10 Windsor i, 2, 4, 5
6 1 1 Windsor 4
February A.D. 12
151-2.
12 Windsor
^2, 5
13 Windsor
I
14 Windsor
1,2, 5
15 Windsor
1,5
16 Kenyton
3
Westminster
I
17 Westminster
1,2, 5
6 18 Westminster
I, 2, 4, 5
19 Westminster
I, 2, 4, 5
Moreover, Henrfs mind was at this time occupied with a desire to
get money out of the clergy for an expedition to the Holy Land which
he was to head as leader. Towards the accomplishment of this object
the pope had granted to him a tenth ^ of all ecclesiastical revenues in
England and other his dominions for three years, but subject to the
collection being deferred until his passage was settled and sworn, and
the money so raised being given only when he should actually start on
his voyage. In company with very many nobles and others, Henry had
publicly taken the cross in Westminster Hall two years before (6 March
1249-50) at the hands Qi Boniface archbishop oi Canterbury ;^ but his
vow was as yet unfulfilled. There were not wanting persons (says Paris)
who then presumed to assert that the cross was taken by the king for no
other reason than, under pretence of conquering the Holy Land and
promoting the crusade, to extort from his nobles money which they had
hitherto refused to grant. His subsequent conduct tended to confirm
these doubts ; for, when a great number of crusaders assembled at
Bermondsey' in April, to consider whether it was not their duty to go at
once without waiting for the king, so manifold and grievous had been
the reverses suffered by the Christians^ Henry vehemently opposed their
wishes. Not content with personal opposition, he invoked the aid of
the pope, who immediately sent letters forbidding^ the knights to set out ;
and thus for a time the project was suspended.
Forced at length to do something towards showing that his purpose
still held, the king wrote (6 June 1252) to the patriarch o{ Jerusalem^
archbishop of Tyre^ king of Cyprus and others, announcing that, in an
assembly of many magnates of the realm held in the quinzaine of Easter*
1252, he had sworn and assigned a term for his passage to Palestine,
namely, in four years from Midsummer-day following ; but notifying
that, if the king of France should restore to him the lands inherited from
' Foectera^ i. 272, 274.
' Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), v. loi. ' Ibid. v. 102.
^ Fadera^ i. 272. Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), v. 103.
* Paris (ed. Luard, v. 281) gives the precise date as Monday before
" Hokedai," which latter answers to the ninth of April, for Easter fell
this year on 31 March. Monday therefore was 8 April.
HENRY THE THIRD S^
his progenitors, and now occupied by that monarch, he would un-
doubtedly anticipate the date fixed.* He wrote in like manner on the
same day to the masters of the Temple^ Hospital^ and house of the
Hospital " Teutonicorum," with the addition : that their best and
strongest ships, well manned and well armed, should be got ready and
lent to him for one year prior to his own passage, in order that horses,
arms and other things, which he wished to go in advance of himself,
might be safely conveyed in them to the Holy Land : provision being
made that the king's servants on landing should have sure houses for
themselves, and places for storage, so as to wait there for his own
arrival. In the following year the ships were to be sent back for carry-
ing over the king himself and his followers.*
Afterwards (9 May 1253) Henry wrote to the archbishops, bishops,
earls, barons, knights and all other crusaders, both of Ireland and of
Scotland^ telling them that he had sworn and appointed his passage to
the Holy Land in three years from the feast of S. John Baptist (24 June)
1253 ; which resolution of his had been confirmed by the pope. He
went on to declare Marseilles as the place at which he intended to put
to sea, his determination having been taken after treaty with men of that
port, who had been specially invited by himself for conference thereon.
These prelates and others were ordered to assemble for consultation at
a prefixed day and place, and then to certify the number of those who
would set forth in person, so that against their and his own passage he
might cause suitable ships to be provided.
At the beginning of this last-named year (28 January 1252-3) Henry
had written to the pope in terms which contrast strangely with the
suspicions and doubts reported by Paris (p. 82) to have been entertained.
He asked the pope to have the crusade preached throughout Christen-
dom, and to publish his own declared intention to go to the Holy Land
in three years from the 24th of June following (1253), in order that other
princes and their peoples might be stirred and induced to set sail in
company with himself. He dwelt with much religious fervour* on his
resolve to prepare for the expedition with all his strength of mind and
body. These protestations of entire devotion to the cross were a
renewal of those sworn in very solemn manner at Westminster (in April
1252) by Henry ^ his right palm laid first upon his breast, and next upon
the Gospels which he then took up and kissed. Notwithstanding all
* Fcedera^ i. 282 ; where are to be seen other two letters (dated 8 June
1252) addressed hy Henfy^ severally, to the king and queen of France^
urging such restitution on the ground of expediting the crusade.
•^ Fcrdera, i. 282. • /did, i. 289,
* " Nos eciam per crucifixi misericordiam tot is viribus mentis et cor-
poris ccterisque adminiculis secularibus iter nostrum preparabimus ad
exequendum predictum negocium crucis ad excellenciam honoris ipsius
cujus amore crucem bajulamusP [Foedera, i. 288 ; but the correct refer-
ence is Close Roll^ 37 Hen, III. w. 19 dorso.]
G 2
1252.
84 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
this, remarks Paris in relating the particulars, the memory of his past
conduct raised suspicion now* in the minds of those who saw and
heard him. These circumstances have been the rather dwelt upon here,
because, on the occasion of the Twentieth levied a few years later in
aid of the Holy Land (and now about to be noticed), Henry is found
again repeating like expressions of fervid zeal and attachment to the
Christian cause, accompanied by the same promises up to the latest
moment, and then upon a mere pretext abandoning his design, and sub-
stituting for himself his eldest son.
Tallage As still further militating against the idea of a Fifteenth having been
levied granted in the year 1252, there was then levied a general tallage in
^^•^' England. On the 2nd of May' Henry appointed Thomas de Siaunforde
to assess tallage severally, or in common, in the king's cities, boroughs
and demesnes in the counties of Northumberland, Westmoreland,
Cumberland, Lancaster, Nottingham and Derby, the several sheriffs
being associated with him, and two knights in each county. For
Lancashire, the persons named were, William de Furneys and
William de Clyfton?
Other cares weighed also upon the sovereign at this time. Grave
discord having arisen between Simon de Montfort earl of Leicester^ the
king's lieutenant in Gascony, and the people of that province, Henry
had summoned to his presence the archbishop of Bordeaux and other
great men in order to learn the truth of the matter. After having heard
their account in detail, he announced (13 June 1252), his decision to go to
Gascony hmself,* at or about the feast of the Purification B.V. M. follow-
ing (2 Feb. 1252-3), or to send his son Edward m his stead ; and he laid
down certain articles of government to be observed in the mean time.
The proposed expedition to the Holy Land (as before related) was kept
prominently before the people. The pope took (14 Oct. 1252) the king,
queen, household and realm under the protection of Saint Peter and of
himself,* and on the same day authorised the abbot and prior of West-
minster to excommunicate all such as withheld, or neglected to pay,
the tenths granted to the king. He also ordered* (19 Oct.) prayers for
the king and his companions in arms to be offered up then, and after
they should embark for the Holy Land. Henry urged upon the prelates
(13 Nov.) the collection of the tenth, and invoked their assistance for
the bishop of Chichester^ and for those who should be appointed by this
prelate to act for him in the business. Thus the king being sorely in
want of money for both objects, the operations in Gascony and in
Palestine, a great council or parliament assembled at Westminster on
* ''^ Nee tamen hoc circumstantes reddidit certiores^ preteritarum
enim transgressionum memoria suspicionem in present ibus suscitavit^
[Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), v. 282.]
' Close Roily 36 Hen, III. w. 19 dorso.
* The name might be read Clyston, ^ Fcedera, i. 282.
* Foedera^ i. 286, 287.
HENRY THE THIRD 8$
the quinzaine of Easter (4 May) 1253,* in which were present, with very
many earls and barons, the archbishop of Canterbury and nearly all the
bishops. The archbishop of York had excused himself on the ground of
distance and old age, the bishop of Chester {^Lichfield and Ccnfentry) was
absent from ill health, and the see of Chichester was void.' After
several days spent in deliberation, a scutage of forty shillings was Scutage
granted for the knighthood of the king's eldest son, the prelates agreeing grante<l.
at the same time to the payment of three years' tenths of ecclesiastical
revenues, subject to the conditions above mentioned (p. 82).
According to Paris the tenth was now granted,^ but I find Henry
writing quite twelve months before (25 April 1252) to Boniface archbishop
of Canterbury* concerning the tenth of all ecclesiastical revenues in
England, and other lands of the king's jurisdiction, granted by the pope
for three years in aid of the Holy Land. Now that his passage is
appointed and sworn,* he asks the archbishop to issue* orders for the
collection of the said tenth to be begun at Michaelmas next (29 Sept.
1252), and to write to his suffragans and others, laying the like commands
upon them.
The constant interference by the king with the freedom of elections
in flagrant disregard of the Great Charter — which laid down in its first
Article that the Church should be free (see above, pp. 6, 11) — was a stand-
ing grievance of the clergy ; and now, under the pressure of necessity,
* Paris (ed. Luard, v. 373) writes : — "//i quindena vero Paschce mense
Aprilis^^ Now, Easter-day was 20 April, and fifteen days (or a fortnight)
after Easter would be 4 or 5 May, and not in the ** month of April.''
The king's itinerary is thus traced on the Chancery rolls. He was stay-
ing at Waltham from 28 March to 3 April, at Havering 4 to 10 April,
whence he moved by Stratford on the nth to Westminster, remaining
there until Easter Monday (21 April). Then at Merton 22 April to
2 May, at Westminster 3 to 23 May, on which day he went to Windsor ;
back (26 May) to Kennington and Westminster until the 30th, and on
31 May to Sutton, and by Rochester (i June), Fevershim (2) and
Canterbury (3), again to Rochester, 4 June.
- Richard bishop of Chichester died on the fourth of the Nones of
April (2 April) 1253. {Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), v. 369.]
^ Concessa est igitur re^^i decima pars proventuum ab ecclesia recipi-
encia cum iter lerosolimitanum [arriperetj per visum magnatum in
viaticum distribuenda per triennium in succursum Terra SanctcE contra
Dei inimicos et a militibus scutagium illo anno scilicet ad scutum tres
marcce^ etc. {Chronica Majora (ed. Luard), v. 374-]
* Close Roll^ 36 Hen, II L m, 18 dorso. On margin, "De gracia
Domino Regi concessa per Dominum Papam."
^ See on this point pp. 82, 83.
^ '^ . . . in mandatis subditis vesiris quod in instant i festo Sancti
Michaelis proximo venturo predictam collectam incipiant usque ad con'
summacionem prcdicti tennini perjiciendafn scribcntcs suffraganeis epi*
SiOpi's i'rs/r/s ct aliiy' etc. {Close Roll^ 36 Hen. III. w. 18 dorso.]
86
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Henry was again ready to agree to a renewal of the sentence of
excommunication heretofore pronounced against the violators of the
liberties contained in both charters. Thereupon took place that re-
markable scene enacted in Westminster Hall, of which every historian
has given an account, following Matthew Paris j who must have been
personally present, so vivid is the picture pourtrayed by him. The
king in good faith and without any quibbling {sine aliqua cavillatione)
promised that he would observe all the articles of the Great Charter,
which (the monk goes on to observe) his father, Vwigjohn^ swore in days
long gone by to keep, and he also, on taking the crown, and many times
after, by which means he extracted an immense amount of money.*
The charter of king/ohn^ was brought into the midst of the assembly
Sentence and recited. This done, sentence of anathema was openly and publicly
of pronounced against all those who by any art or design whatsoever.
Anathema Qpgnly or secretly, in deed, word or counsel, should rashly violate,
pro
nounced
13 May
1253.
diminish or change the ecclesiastical liberties or ancient approved
customs of the realm, and especially the liberties and free customs which
were contained in the charters of common liberties of England, and of
the forest, and which were granted by the king to the archbishops,
bishops and other prelates of England, earls, barons, knights and free
tenants. Before beginning the sentence, which was delivered by the
archbishop of Canterbury^ all had received lighted tapers. The king at
first took one, but would not hold it, giving it back to a prelate and
saying : — " It becomes me not to hold a taper, for I am no priest : my
heart is my best witness." He then laid his open hand (tenuit manum
expansam ad pectus) upon his breast, and kept it there until the sentence
was finished, his countenance the while calm, willing and cheerful.
When at the end the tapers had been thrown down extinguished and
smoking, every one saying, " So may they be extinct and stink in hell
who incur this sentence," the king on his part added — "So help me
God, all these things I will faithfully keep inviolate ; as 1 am a man, as
I am a Christian, as I am a knight, and as I am a crowned and anointed
king."
No sooner was the anathema concluded than the king felt that he
had yielded too far ; and, supported by the great men then assembled,
while yet were present the archbishop of Canterbury and the prelates, he
at once proceeded to limit the interpretation of the clauses just delivered,
so far as they affectedhis subjects. Finally with his own mouth' Henry
* The expression used by Paris is remarkable and emphatic : — et
postea multoties unde infinitam ^VMXXiXiX. pecuniam, [Chronica Majora
(ed. Luard), v. 375.]
^ So says Paris (ed. Luard, v. 377) ; but, more probably, it was the
charter granted hy Henry '\n the ninth year of his reign. See above,
p. 10.
* ^^ Preterea prefatus aominus rex in prolatiofu prefate senteniie
omnes libertates contra consuetudines regni nostri aniiquas et usitatas et
HENRY THE THH<D 8/
especially reserved and excepted all liberties, contrary to the ancient
and usual customs of the realm, or restricting the dignities and rights of
his crown. Blackstone has discussed the subject at some length in a
lucid and admirable argument, to which I refer the reader.* He begins
by remarking : —
" The wording of some part of this sentence is extremely peculiar
and seems artfully calculated to assert all the liberties claimed by the
church,* whether contained in the charters or not : particularly, the
including under this curse even the legislature itself if it makes or hath
made any statute, and the judges if they presume to give judgment in
consequence of any statute, infringing such ecclesiastical liberties." He
proceeds to show, how the framers of the sentence of excommunication
" tacitly meant to subject to the curse of God the makers of the statutes
of Tewkesbury and Merton, as well as the temporal judges," who had
established a new tribunal in exclusion of the spiritual courts. " But of
this," he goes on to say, " the king, his nobility, and the people, appear
to have been well aware ; and therefore entered upon the public records'
the remarkable protest which is printed immediately after the sentence
[Blackstone^ 72], as a perpetual memorial what part of it was inserted by
general consent, and what otherwise. The pope however by his bulle,
on the 2i»* of September following [Ann. Burt. Hemingford], confirmed
this anathema in totidem verbis; and it was afterwards made a part
of the english canon law by a provincial constitution of archbishop
Peckham, A.D, 1281, 9 Edw. I."
On the 14th of May the king wrote* (fn, 11) to the barons of the Aid for
Exchequer, informing them that the prelates and magnates had granted knighting
to him reasonable aid for making his eldest son a knight, viz. forty eld^f^
shillings from every knight's fee held of himself in chief, whether of the son.
old or new feoffment (scilicet de singulis scutis que de nobis tenentur in 14 May
capite xl solidos tarn de veteri feofamento quam de novo) ; one moiety to '253.
be paid at the Michaelmas exchequer of the 37th year (1253), and the
other moiety, at the Easter exchequer following (1254). They were
therefore ordered to cause the same to be duly levied in that manner.
On 25 May Henry wrote* (w. 12 dorso) to his lieges in Gascony that,
understanding the province to be in a state of great disturbance, he was
coming thither in person, and had appointed his passage so as to be at
digfiitates et jura corone sue ore firoprio specialiter sibi et re^no suo
salvavit et excepitP Fosdera^ i. 290.
* The Great Charter^ &c. Introduction, liv-lviii.
- The words especially alluded to are these : — " Item omnes illos qui
contra illas \i,e, ecclesiasticas libertates] velearum aliquant statuta cUiqua
ediderint vcl edit a serif averint et consuetudines introduxerini vet serva-
verint introductas scriptores statutorum necnon consiliatores et executores
et qui secundum ea presumpserint judicare^^ etc.
^ Patent Roll, 37 Hen. III. w. 13 dorso. Printed in Rymer's Fa^dera^
i. 290. ^ Close Roll, 37 Hen. III.
88 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Portsmouth on the octave (22 June) of the Holy Trinity, and then to go
on board ship for his voyage to Bordeaux. On 23 June he wrote* (w. 9
dorso) to the sheriffs in England, enjoining upon them the observance of
the liberties contained in the Great Charter, the form being addressed
to the sheriff of Somerset and Dorset in these words : —
De magna carta Rex vicecomiti Sumer^ et Dors* saiutem Scias quod aa
tenenda instanciam prelatorum et tnagnatum regni nostri con-
cessimus quod magna carta nostra de libertatibus pre-
dictis prelatis et magnatibus ac aliis Uteris hominibus regni nostri
confecta decetero rata et stabilis perseveret et quod omnes articuli in
eadem carta contenti et expressi inviolabiliter observentur Salvis nobis et
heredibus nostris juribus et dignitatibus^ corone nostre et baronibus
nostris et magnatibus cu: aliis nobis subjectis libertatibus et liberis con-
suetudinibus prius usitatis nori expressis vet concessis in carta predicta
Et ideo tibi districte precipimus quod predictam cartam in omnibus et
singulis articulis diligenter observes et a prelatis et magnatibus et omnibus
aliis predictorum comitatuum firmiter facias observari super gravem
forisfacturam nostram. Teste rege apud Suthwyke xxiii die Junii [1253].
\Close Roll^ yj Hen, III. i». 9 dorso.]
Many years after when Henry ^ by reason of his defeat (14 May 1264)
at Lewes, was in the power of Simon de Montfort earl of Leicester^ the
two charters were yet again confirmed. For securing the peace and
tranquillity of the kingdom, and observing an ordinance made in a
general council at London in June 1264, as well as to obtain the release
oi Edward his son and Henry oi Almain his nephew, both of whom had
been detained by Montfort as hostages^ the king was compelled to set
14 March his seal 14 March 1264-5 to a new Charter,' declaring that, by the
1264-5. unanimous assent and will of the prelates, earls, barons and commonalty
New of the realm {^prelatorum comitum baronum et communitatis regni nostrt)^
Charter, it was agreed that the ancient charters of common liberties and of the
forest which had been long since granted, and against the violators of
which at his {Henry) request sentence of excommunication had been
pronounced, and afterwards specially confirmed by the Apostolic See,*
should be kept for ever inviolate in all their articles. " The most ob-
servable part" of this charter, besides its confirmation of the two charters,
is (remarks Blackstone) " the clause giving liberty to the king's subjects
to rise against and distrein him to the utmost of their power, notwith-
» Close Roll, 37 Hen, III. » " dingnitatibus" in orig.
* Printed at length by Blackstone ( The Great Charter &c. 74) from
the inrolment {Charter Roll, 49 Hen, III. w. 4).
* Blackstone says : — " The pope however by his bulle,on the 21st Sep-
tember following [125 3], confirmed this anathema /« totidem verbis; and
it was afterwards made a part of the english canon law by a provincial
constitution of archbishop Peckham, A.D, 1281, 9 Edw. I." [The Great
Charter &c. Introduction, Iviii.]
HENRY THE THIRD 89
standing the allegiance which they owed him, in case he should trans-
gress the conditions therein agreed on." *
Shortly before there had been held at London that general assembly
which was summoned for the Octave of S. Hilary in the 49th year
(20 January 1264-5); known in English history as the "first regular 20 Jan.
parliament," and generally accepted as the origin of our present House 1264-5.
of Commons. Writs had been issued in the king's name to sundry First
prelates with certain earls and great men who were adherents of Mont- regular
fort; and also to every sheriff requiring him to send two knights of the
shire. The cities and boroughs also had been commanded to send two
citizens and two burgesses, respectively, to London at the date before
named. These writs afford the first clear evidence of popular repre-
sentation. By other writs' subsequently (15 Feb.) sent out, allowing
expenses to knights of the shire during their attendance in parliament,
as well as in going thither and returning home, the object of the assembly
is stated to have been for the purpose of treating concerning the deliver-
ance of Edward the king's son with other arduous affairs touching the
kingdom.' Here the king employs the word " parliament " (in Parlia-
ment o nostro apud London^ in Octabis Sancti Hillarii proximo preteritt).
Although some attempt has been made by historical writers to withhold
the term from the description of all previous assemblies which are by
them preferably called "general councils," no such fine-drawn distinction
is known to the records, the word " parliament " being applied (as seen
before, p. ^^^ note 4) to the conference* had between V\n%John and his
barons at Runimede. \n^^^^ parliamentum was recognized in 1249 ^^
be the equivalent of empty talk, and as such is expressly forbidden by
the Statutes of the Black (or Benedictine) Order^ promulgated in that
year. Whereas (says the clause in question) certain monks after dinner
{J>ost prandium proniores sunt ad loquendum quod non prodest quam
quod edificat audientes) are more prone to utter what is unprofitable than
that which tends to the edification of the hearers, it is decreed : That the
talking which is customary after dinner in certain cloisters be wholly pro-
hibited (2^^^ par lamen turn* quod post prandium in quibusdam claustris
Heri consuevit penitus interdicatur) ; and that, instead thereof, vacant time
be more fruitfully employed in meditations and in repeating lections.'
* The Great Charter &c. Introduction, lix.
^ The entire series of writs is printed by Brady in his Introduction to
the Old English History y 137- 141, after a long account (beginning at
p. 130 D) of the events which led up to this parliament.
* "super deliberatione Edwardi filii nostri charissimi et securitate
inde facienda nee non et aliis arduis Regni nostri negociis." \Close Roily
49 Hen. III. ;;/. 10 dorso.] * See Brady's Introduction &c., 71.
* This is the preferable spelling according to Du Cange^ who has
{s. V.) — " Parli AMENTUM, saepius apud Anglos, pro Pari amentum, ^^
* Matthcei Paris. A ddii amenta (ed. Luard), vi. 175; ed. Wats (1640),
page 170, line 34.
go LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
In the following year (1266), while he was besieging the castle of
Kenilworth, the king's anxiety for due observance of the two charters
was once more displayed by the issue of the following writ directed to
the sheriff of Yorkshire: —
Rex vicecomiti Ebor. salutem Quia ad communefn regni nosiri utili-
tatem volumus modis omnibus quod magna Carta nostra de libertatibus
secundum omnes et singulos articulos in ea contentos decetero plene et
inviolabiliter observetur per nos et prelatos ac magnates ejusdem regni
concorditer est provisum tibi precipimus quod Cart am nostram de eisdem
libertatibus quam anno preterit o communitati predicti comitatus cui
misimus inpleno comitatu illo et alibi in balliva tua ubi videris expedire
legi et ipsam secundum omnes et singulos articulos in eadem Carta con-
October tentos decetero plene obserifari et firmiter teneri facias et hoc nullo mode
1266. omittas etc} [Close Roll, 50 Hen. III. m, i dorso.]
Further, in the "Statute of Marlborough," made 18 November 52
Hen. III. (1267), a clause was inserted, directing the general observance
of the Great Charter in these terms : —
^^ Magna Carta^ in singulis suis articulis teneatur tam in hiis que ad
regem pertinent quam cui alios et hoc justiciariis in itineribus suis et vice-
comitibus in suis comitatibus cum opusjuerit demandetur et brevia versus
eos qui con travenerint gratis concedantur coram rege vel coram^ banco vel
coram justiciariis itinerantibus cum venerint cui partes illas^^
The translation of the relics of Edward the Confessor, from the
shrine in which they had been first placed to a new shrine^ of gold
* No teste; but the last dated entry has : — " T. R. apud KenilP iiij.
die OctobrisJ^
' Red Book of the Exchequer, fol. 243 ; printed in Statutes of the
Realm, i. 20.
' ^^ coram justiciariis de banco^^ is the reading of Cotton MS. Claudius
D. ii. fol. 163, from which source Blackstone printed {The Great Charter
&c. 79) the " fifth chapter of the statute made at Marleberge."
* An account of money expended (;^2,42i. 19J. li^.) on the works at
Westminster from Mich. 52 to Christmas 54 Hen. III. (1269) is entered
on the Pipe Roll of 53 Hen. III. After mention made of free stone from
Caen and Reygate with other things, an item occurs of wages paid to
four goldsmiths working about the new shrine of Saint Edward {et
stipendiis iiij'^ aurifcdfrorum opcrancium circa novum feretrum beati
Edwardi). Other workmen employed are enumerated in the concluding
item which runs thus : — " Et in stipendiis quorundam cementariorum
pavatorum ante feretrum beati Edwardi carpentariorum pictorum plumb-
ariorum vitriariorum minutorum operariorura et diversis operacionibus
positis et factis ad tascam et expensis quorundam nunciorum missorum
ad diversa loca pro negocio dictarum operacionum per predictum tempus
sicut continetur in Rotulo de eisdem particulis — M*.CCC.xliiij. li. xiv. s.
V. d." See also Pipe Roll, $2 Hen. III. R° compotorum ; Christmas $1
to Mich. 52 Hen. III.
HENRY THE THIRD QI
adorned with precious stones, took place on Sunday, 13 October 1269, 13 Oct.
and was conducted with great state and ceremony. The church of '^^
Westminster had been then newly built by the king, and the monks
performed Divine service therein for the first time.* Henry had con-
voked for this solemnity all the prelates and nobles together with the
more powerful persons of cities and boroughs ; and, if we are to believe
Wykes? the opportunity was taken, after the celebration was concluded
with the banquet that immediately followed, to hold a Parliament in
which the king obtained the grant of a Twentieth part of all moveables
to be paid to him, certain persons in every county being assigned by his
council for its collection.
" Celebrato' tandem tante translacionis sollempnio ceperunt nobiles
ut assolent parleamentacionis genere de regis et regni negociis per-
tractare^ in quo regis astucia ymo ut verius dicam extorsionis cupidinose
nervicia prevalente anuentibus regni majoribus vel contradicere non
audentibus^ concessum est quod de universis laycorum mobilibus per
regnum Anglie sibi vicesima solveretur ut non solum ut prediximus
clericorum marsupia per quadriennalem decimarum extorsionem vacua
redderentur sed et regis insaciata cupido laycorum medullas profundissime
scrutaretur quod et equitatis lance librata contigisse dinoscitur ut laycos'
qui cum dirisione maxima clericorum dampnis applaudere consueverant
sic propria dispendia deplorarent £t licet in cunctis regni comitatibus f. 56 b.
certe fuissent per regis conciliarios assignate persone ad dictam vicesi-
mam coUigendam non potuit tamen pecunia^ proveniens subito congre-
gari Sed protracta est taxacio pariter et colleccio usque quadragesimam
et estatem sequentem unde orta est in populo murmuracio in principio"
fortiter invalescens quippe dum taxatores vacuatis interim horreis et
quadrupedibus mortuis vel occisis ea que tunc invenerant taxare vel
estimare racionabili precio voluissent regia cupiditas tali taxacione seu
precio non contenta compulit ut secundum fere verum valorem prout in
festo sancti Michaelis proximo precedente quecumque bonorum genera
habebant mobilia pariter et immobilia taxarentur unde factum est ut dicto
murmure non obstante quod primo concessum fuit ex gracia quasi
necessitate cui contradici non potuit non sine maximo plebis gravamine
solveretur Et licet innumerabilis^ inde pecunia proveniret in modico vel
in nullo videbatur regis errarium augmentari Porro per proceres et pre-
latos qui tante contribucioni mutuum prebuerunt assensum non modica
* Eodem die monachi Westmonasterienses infra novum structuram
prima vice divina misteria celebrabant. Wvkes,
' Annates Monastici (ed. Luard), iv. 227.
' Cotton MS, Titus A. xiv. fol. $6.
^ pertractate^ audientibus^ pecuni^ in the manuscript. * Read layci,
• So I read the word written "p'n°," and not "pretio"; as Dr. Luard
in Ann, Mon. iv. 228.
^ The total receipt was ;£3 1,848 17J. io\d,\ as appears by the Pipe
Roll^ I Edw. I., quoted below (p. 105).
92 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
porcio pecunie supradicte in subsidium peregrinacionis domini Edwardi
in terram sanctam salubriter fuerat assignata."
This narrative of IVykes, which from the surrounding circumstances
carries with it an air of extreme probability, has been followed by all
historians. They have also with the same implicit confidence accepted
and perpetuated his statement as to a Twentieth having been granted by
this parliament, although it cannot be accommodated to the fact, that
the king had written two months before with minute instructions for the
levy and collection to be made. His letter is entered in the register of
bishop Gt^ard {{. 21) at Worcester; and it is clear, therefore, that the
grant of the Twentieth in question must have been made in some par-
liament holden before 7 August 1269, on which day the king wrote to
the bishop, enclosing the form of the oath to be taken with other detail
concering the tax.
The register has been carefully examined on this point, and the date
Aug. verified — 7". me ipso apud Cicestr* vij, die Augusti anno regni nostri
1269. t^iij} The day and place agree exactly with the king's itinerary, which
I have been at the trouble of making out for the 53rd year of his reign,
Henry was at Chichester on the 7th and 8th of August 1269, and at no
other time in that year. From Chichester he went on the 9th to Suth-
wike ; on the loth to Winchester, where he remained for several days.
A search of the Patent and Close Rolls^ as well as the Memoranda of
this year (53 Hen. III.), has failed to discover any inrolment of letters
patent, appointing collectors, or ordering the taxation of a Twentieth to
be made, although such were undoubtedly issued. This fact is proved
by an entry, dated 10 Dec. 1269, on which day the king named Thomas
de Valoynes to be one of the collectors of the Twentieth in the county of
Buckingham, in the room o{ Simon de Saint Liz lately nominated, but by
reason of grave infirmity rendered incapable of attending to the taxation
ordered.
De Vicesima Rex universis et singulis de comitatu Buk* etc. saluicm
Cum dilectum et fidelem nostrum Symonem de Sancto
Licio una cum Roberto de Totteshale deputaverimus ad vicesimam in
eodem comitatu ad opus nostrum taxandam prout in litteris patentibus
quas inde habent plenius continetur et prefatus Symon jam gravi in-
firmitate detineatur per quod taxacioni predicte intendere non potest ut
cu:cepimus substituimus dilectum et fidelem nostrum Thomam de Valoynes
loco ipsius Symonis addictam vicesimam ibidem una cufn predict o Roberto
taxandam in forma in predictis litteris nostris contenta Et ideo vobis
mandamus quod eidem Thome una cum predicto Roberto in premissis
10 Dec. intendentes sitis et respondentes in forma predicta In cujus etc. Teste
1269. rege apud ClarendorC x. die Decembris. [Patent Roll,^ 54 Hen. I IL ;;/. 25.]
* I have to thank the Rev. T P. Wadley, rector of Naunton Beau-
champ in Worcestershire, for kindly referring to the manuscript, and for
making a transcript of the words here quoted.
' See also the same roll, m. 25, for a similar entr)' {mutatis mutandis)^
HENRY THE THIRD 93
In the absence of any inrolment of the letters patent which were sent
to the collectors in the several counties throughout England, the only
alternative is to gather their purport from the Register Giffdrd at
Worcester,* which records the following particulars of the procedure
ordered to be observed.
Bishops or deans, or priors of cathedral churches in the absence of
the bishops, were to receive the oath (in a form enclosed) of the knights
chosen in the several coimties within their dioceses to collect the
Twentieth granted to the king ' by the magnates and other his lieges
in aid of the Holy Land. The knights should, if necessary, be urged
to present themselves to be sworn before {citra) the feast of the Nativity
B.V.M. (8 Sept.), so that they might without further delay proceed, on
the morrow of S. Michael next following (30 Sept.), to do what was now
enjoined, and had already been given to them in command by the king^s
letters concerning the said twentieth. On being sworn, a transcript
of the form of oath was to be delivered to them, in order that they might
know and fulfil the things contained therein. Witness the king at
Chichester the 7th day of August in the 53rd year of his reign (1269).
The four knights, or two of every county — according to the number
chosen — to swear that they would faithfully choose in eveiy hundred
twelve of the most loyal and discreet men, who should elect on oath
from every township six persons best acquainted with the ability of
the residents and thus qualified to appraise and tax the com, stock,
produce of the land and all other moveables as well of nobles and
knights as of other laymen ; Except nevertheless war-horses, pal-
freys and other riding horses {et aliis equita(uris) of freemen ; and
EXCEPT treasure — as in gold, silver, vessels of gold and silver, and
precious stones. The said six, so chosen in the several townships, to
be sworn that they would make the taxation faithfully and conscienti-
ously ; and, in case of failure from any cause, then the knights together
with them should retax the premises. After these six persons had
taxed the goods of the commonalty of any town, then their own goods
were to be taxed by other six sworn in the same form.
It appears also from this register (fol. 26 a) that a council of bishops
was held^ at a date subsequent to the 14th of December 1269, on which
day the king wrote to the Taxors in certain counties, touching the
Twentieth of corn and other moveable goods which had been granted
to him in aid of the Holy Land by the magnates and knights and other
relating to the taxation for the county of York, and having the teste of the
king at Clarendon on the i8th of December 1269.
* Printed by Wilkins in his Concilia Magna Britannice et Hibemia,
vol. ii. 20.
' *''' ad viccsimam colligendam nobis a magnatibus et aliis regni nostri
fidelibus in subsidium terra sanctce concessam^^
^ Wilkins suggests "circa mensem Januarii vel Februarii, A.C. 1269"
[/>. 1269-70]. Concilia Magna Britannice^ &c. ii. 21.
94 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
lay men ; commanding those assigned for levying the tax not to inter-
meddle at present * with the goods of ecclesiastical persons. In this
council the Twentieth was discussed, and the bishops sent thereupon
an answer to the king to the following effect : —
However much they were aggrieved at this time,' yet desiring to
assist as far as they could in the prosecution of the king's pious pur-
pose, they were ready to aid him with a Twentieth of their own lands
and tenements held in demesne, and of those also of their villains,
according to a taxation made bona Me by themselves, but not by any
other person : so that such subsidy should be assigned to the king, or
to his eldest son, whichever of the two might first voyage to the Holy
Land, in aid of that land only and to be converted to no other purpose,
and to remain deposited with themselves, until one or other should
actually set out. Their bondmen or villains in no wise to be charged
further in the tallage of laymen. And lest such grant should be turned
thereafter to the prejudice of themselves, their successors, or their
churches, they prayed for the king's letters patent thereupon.
The several bishops were accordingly allowed to tax the Twentieth,
and to collect it by their own ministers ; as appears from the Patent
Roll (cited below), under date of 26 May 1270, when the king, referring
to the favour granted to all the bishops, extends the like grace to the
heads of religious houses by letters addressed to the abbots and convents
of Saint Edmund (Suffolk) and Saint Augustin (Canterbury). Henry ^
still professing ardour for the Crusade, and intimating his instant de-
parture for the Holy Land, required that portion of the money, arising
from the Twentieth which was levied on the goods of bishops or abbots,
to be paid on Midsummer-day following (24 June 1270), in order that he
might take it with him. The remainder, raised from the goods of their
villains, was to be delivered on Michaelmas-day next (29 Sept 1270) to
the persons deputed by the king for this purpose. The following is the
form of the royal letter : —
De vicesima Rex dilectis sibi in Christo abbati et conventui de sancto
Edmundo saluiem Cum concesserimus universis et singulis
^ Printed by Tyrrell in his General History of England^ ii. Appendix,
n". 14, from Close Roll, 54 Hen. III. m, 11 dorso.
5 Clement IV., by bull dated at Viterbo on the fifth day before the Ides
of June in the second year of his pontificate {i.e. 9 June 1266), granted to
Henry ioT three years the tenth of all ecclesiastical revenues in England,
Ireland and Wales. This bull was published by the cardinal-legate
Ottobuoni in January 1266-7 (Close Roll, 51 Hen. III. m. 10. in cedula.
See also Papal Bulls, Box 43, nn. 1-5). The several collectors of the
tenth were, with the assent of the king, appointed by the legate {Patent
Roll, 52 Hen. III. m. 33). Various sums were paid by way of composi-
tion. Thus, Nicholas bishop of Winchester fined in the sum of three
thousand pounds for the whole tenth due from his diocese for the three
years {Patent Roll, 54 Hen. III. w. 11).
HENRY THE THIRD 95
episcopis regni nostri quod vicesimam tfisos et villanos sues contingentetn
quam nobis in subsidium terre sancte nuper curialiter concesserint per
Hdeles ministros suos taxari et colligifaciant ita quod pecuniam provenien-
tern de vicesima bonorum ipsorum episcoporum nobis habere faciant in
festo^ instantis festi sancti Johannis Baptiste nobiscum deferendam in ter-
ram sanctam et totam pecuniam de vicesima bonorum villanorum suorum
provenientem habeant London^ in festo sancti Michaelis proximo futuro
nunciis nostris quos ad hoc deputavimus integraliter exhibendam nos de
fidelitate et promptitudine vestra plenius confidentes et graciam quam
ipsis episcopis in hac parte fecimus intuitu diversarum curialitatum
vestrca^m nobis pluries factarum vobis facere volentes vobis concedimus
ut vicesimam bonorum vestrorum et eciam villanorum vestrorum taxari
et pecuniam inde provenientem levari et colligi facialis ita quod pecuniam
illam habeamus terminis predictis in forma iupradicta In cujus etc. Teste 26 May
rege apud Westm' xxvi die Mali, [Patent Roll, 54 Hen, IIL m, 14] ^270.
By way of further supporting the authenticity of the king's mandate,
addressed to the bishop of Worcester dmA entered in the Register Giffard,
there is the fact that the collectors therein nominated for the county of
Gloucester paid at Winchester, on the feast of S. John Evangelist
55 Hen. III. (27 Dec. 1270), the proceeds of the Twentieth, amounting
to L^Z^ i^s.\ for which sum the king gave an acquittance, dated at
Reading on the first of January 1 270-1. For the avoidance of needless
elaboration, I place the evidence in order, thus : —
1. The mandate of the king dated 7 Aug. 1269 ;
2. The king's acquittance (above mentioned) granted to the collectors
of the Twentieth in the county of Gloucester ;
3. The receipt for Gloucestershire, extracted from the Receivers*
Account' of the whole Twentieth.
1. Henricus etc. venercUfili in Christo patri G, eademgracia Wygom^
episcopo salutem Quia de consilio nostro provisum est * * * rogantes
quod a dilectis et fidelibus nostris WilPo de Salso marisco^ WilPo de
BrasciRi(^o de Amberleg^ Henr^ de Hakesleg* de comitatu Wygoni WiWo
de Demeford* Maur^ de Berkeley Grimbaldo Pauncefot et Rido de
Ripariis de comitatu Gloucestr^ electis ad vicesimam hujusmodi colligen-
dam recipiatis sacramentam * * * * Teste me ipso apud Cicestr^ vij 7 Aug.
die Augusti anno regni nostri liij, {Register Giffard, fo.'2i.] 1269.
2. Rex omnibus etc, Sciatis quod Mauricius de Berkeleye Ric's de
Ripariis Grimbaldus Pauncefot et Will's de Demeforde collectores vicesime
* In the letter (same membrane) addressed to the abbot. and convent
of S. Augustin, Canterbury, under the same form, the words are '.—^^in
die instantis festi sancti Johannis Baptiste,^^
'See also below, p. 104.
' IVilkins has given this name only {Concilia, &c. ii. 20) ; but, by
the kind assistance of Rev. T, P, Wcuiley (before mentioned, p. 92,
note i), I am able to supply the omission.
g6 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
in comitatu Glouc* per preceptum nostrum liberaverunt dilecto clerico
nostra Egidio de Audenarde uni receptorum ejusdem vicesime octingentas
et triginta libras et decern et octo solidos de pecunia ejusdem vicesime in
predicto comitatu collecta apud Winton^ per tnanus Ric^i Bryan clerici
die Sabbati in festo sancti Johannis ewangeliste anno etc. /"Z/'" de qua
guidem pecunia collectores predictos tenore presencium penitus quietamus.
In cujus etc. Teste ut supra * [i. e. Teste rege apud Radinge primo die
I Jan. fanuarii\ {Patent Roll^ 55 Hen, III. /«. 25.]
1270-1. 3. Et de DCCC. XXX, li, xviij, s, recefitis de eadem vicesima de Con^
A,D, Glouc* per manus Ric*i de Ripariis et Grimbaldi Pauncefot collectorum
^273. ejusdem in eodem Comitatu sicut continetur in compoto suo in eodem
Rotulo, [Pipe Ro/i, i Edw, I. Rot. 6, memb. 2.]
Without going through the labour of searching for similar evidence
as regards Worcestershire, I may add the receipt for that county, which
names two of the collectors, viz. William de Saltmarsh and Richard de
A umber le {Amberley) : —
Et de CCC, xliiij, li, vj, s, iiij, d, receptis de eadem vicesima de Com^
Wygom^ per manus Will'i de Salso marisco et Ric'i de Aumberle col-
lectorum ejusdem in eodem Com^ sicut conf in eodem Rotulo Et de v. s,
ij, d, rec' per manus eorundem de arreragiis ejusdem. [Pipe Roll^
I Edw. I. Rot. 6, memb. 2.]
The collection continued until Lent and the following summer, as
stated by Wykes in the passage above cited (p. 91). Henry ^ writing to
the taxors in the county of York, under date 5 May' 1270, alludes to the
fact that, although some parts of that county had been dealt with, never-
theless in many places the Twentieth had not yet been taxed, because
there was some difficulty in their (the taxors) all being present at one
time, and some of them alleged that nothing could be done if two or
three only of their number (six in all being here addressed) were pre-
sent ; on which account the business of the crusade had been very much
retarded {propter quod negocium crucis quampiurimum retardatur).
Whereas the time of his passage to the Holy Land is now very near,' as
they well know, he enjoins all, or even two of them, to attend to the
taxation according to the tenor of his letters directed to them thereupon.
In case of any being hindered from attending, either by infirmity or by
some other arduous business, full power is granted to the taxors to sub-
stitute in his or their stead another or others, taking care to receive, in
conjunction with the sheriff of the county, his or their oath as to faithful
execution. Other entries relating to the Twentieth are found through-
* An acquittance of like tenor, though somewhat differently worded,
is found on the same roll {Pat. R. SS ^^^' ^O ^t memb. 24, with the
teste as here inserted in the text.
« Patent Roll {n^* 87), 54 Hen. III. w. 16.
• ^^ Etquia tempus passagii nostri in terram sanctam jam instat sicut
vos pienius nostis vobis mandamus^^ etc.
HENRY THE THIRD 97
out this roll.* In all of them the king displays great anxiety to have
the money brought in without delay, and from time to time acknow-
ledges the receipt of fines paid by way of composition. Thus, for a
fine of j^ioo the citizens of Worcester^ were acquitted (26 March) of the A,D.
twentieth* (w. 18); and the burgesses oi Nottingham^ fined (29 April) '^7o-
with the king for the same in 60 marks, or £^0^ (m, 16). The king
agreed (28 April) with William de Holegatc — who seems to have been
mayor — to a fine of 200 marks on behalf of the citizens of Lincoln^ with
the alternative that, if they were not content, then a taxation and col-
lection should be made* {m. 16). Now 200 marks make ;^I33 6.r. 8//.,
but the sum actually received from Lincoln was ;£i2o (p. 104).
For the persons and property, whether in lands, rents or other
possessions, of those vowed to the Cross, Henry grants his especial
protection with the customary immunity from suits at law (subject to
certain limitations). Henry of Almain^ going abroad with the king
and Edward h\s son {nolnscum et cum Edwardofilio nostra prof ecturus
sit ad partes transmarinas in subsidium terre sancte\ has royal letters of
protection (20 Feb. 1269-70) to endure for four years from Easter follow-
ing* (;«. 21). On the same day many others have the like ; among
whom is Eustace de BallioL Edmund his son, who is shortly to set
out for the Holy Land, obtains (i April 1270) the king's especial grace,
that he may let to farm all his lands and tenements in England (except
castles and fortalices) to whomsover he will for seven years to come*
(;//. 18). On the 26th of May the king writes to the warden and bailiffs
of his city of London ( Custodi et Ballivis Civitatis sue London^ Whereas
(he says) we and our sons, with others' of our kingdom signed with
the Cross, are shortly to set out for parts beyond the sea in aid of the
Holy Land (God granting), we will therefore that the Twentieth lately
assessed in the city of London be levied without delay towards our
own and our sons' expenses in that pilgrimage. We command and
firmly enjoin you to cause the said Twentieth to be levied without delay,
and that money to be put in the priory of the Holy Trinity^ London,
so that we may have it in the octave of Holy Trinity (15 June) at the
latest ' (///. 14). On the same day (26 May) he wrote the letter before
quoted (p. 94), asking for money to be paid by the convents of S. Edmund
and S. Augustin^ that he might take it with him. On the 20th of June
Henry by charter granted to his eldest son full power, in anticipation
of Fdiuard^s prolonged absence in the Holy Land, to dispose at will of
liis children and his lands of Ireland and of Gascony, the county of
Chester {la Countee de Cestre ove les aportenances\ the islands of Jersey
* Patent Roll (n«» Z^\ 54 Hen, III.
2 See the item in the account below (p. 105).
^ " Cum nos et filii nostri cum ceteris regni nostri crucesignatis in
brci't profecturi simus ad partes transmarinas in subsidium terre sancte
Domino concedente propter quod volumus quod vicesima nuperassessa in
Civiiate London* sine dilcunone levetur^^ etc.
H
98 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
and Guernsey {des isles de Gereseye e de Gemeseye\ the town and castle
of Bristol, the castle of the Peak {jiel Chastel del Pecke) with forest, the
castle of S. Briavell with the forest of Dean. He might let them or any
of them to whomsoever he would, so nevertheless that the said lands,
county, town and islands, forests and castles might not be severed or
aliened from the crown of England.^ The Treasurers of the Hospitallers
and Templars y respectively, and Giles de Audenarde clerk, were assigned
by letters patent, dated lo July 1270- {m, 1 1), to receive the money forth-
coming from the Twentieth, and to lay it up in the Treasury of the New
Temple, there to be safely kept until other orders should be given. The
receivers were empowered to give acquittances to those paying money, as
had been already enjoined by word of mouth. Up to the 13th of July, on
which day were dated letters of protectiongranted toeighty crusaders — the
form addressed to John de Tybeiot— going in company with the king and
Edwardhis son to the Holy Land, -^/rwr^ still held, or affected to hold, his
purpose of leading the Crusade in person. In a few days his mind changed.
Although, like his son Edward, his heart's whole desire drew him onward
to Palestine, high considerations of state obliged him to abandon his
long-cherished design, when it seemed to be on the point of accomplish-
ment ; because his prelates and magnates in council had deemed it
neither expedient nor safe that father and son should both be absent
from the realm in these times {extra regnum istis temporibus). The
exact terms in which Henry published his final determination are seen
in the following extract : —
De signo Crucis Rex omnibus etc, salutem Licet nos sicut Edwardus
traditoE.primo- primogenitus noster totis desideriis affectemus trans-
genito Regis et fretare in subsidium terre sancte quia tavten prelatis
vicesima sibi inagnatibus et communitati regni nostri non videtur
concessa. expediens neque tutum quod nos ambo extra regnum
istis temporibus ageremus nos votum nostrum quate-
nus possumus perfici et regni nostri regimini de consilio dictorum
prelatorum et magnatum salubriter prospicere cupientes negociuin crucis
una cum signo crucis nostre prefato primogenito nostro ex plena et
summa confidencia commisimus vice nostra et ad idem negocium quoad
7fotum peregrincLcionis nostre et sue prout decet et expedit ad Christian i
nominis exaltacionetn efficacius peragendum totam vicesimam nobis in
subsidium terre sancte per totum regnum nostrum concessam tarn col-
lectcun quam colligendam eidem primogenito nostro duximus plenarie
conferendam. In cujus etc. Teste ut supra (i.e. Teste rege apud Winion^
* This charter, 7J inches wide by 5I inches high— not including the
fold at the bottom which would make the height ^\ inches — is in an
excellent state of preservation though minus the seal. {Exchequer.
Treasury of Receipt, Miscellanea \%.'\ See Edward's grant of custody
hereupon made at Winchester 2 Aug. 1270. [Fasdera^ i. 484.]
2 Patent Roll (n«. 87), 54 Hen, III.
HENRY THE THIRD 99
/«/■*" die Augusti), \Patent Roll^ 54 Hen, III. w, 7. Printed in Rymer*s 4 Aug.
Foedera, i. 485.] 1270.
Putting out of sight altogether the innuendoes which were recorded by
Paris on a former occasion (p. 82), and proved in the end to be amply
justified, there is reason for thinking, that the idea of not joining the
Crusade in person was not quite so new to the king's mind as his
letter would lead one at first sight to believe. Pope Clement IV. had
written to the legate more than two years before (9 April 1268) in words
very like those now used by Henry, The same holy zeal firing the
breast of a Catholic prince to vindicate the Christian faith is set in
the foreground, but weighing it down is the imperative need for the
sovereign's presence in his kingdom of England, and especially in these
times {hiis potissime temporibus). At least the coincidence is so re-
markable as to excuse, if not to require, the insertion of the pope's letter,
as registered at the Vatican.
Ann. IV. epist. 7. torn. iii.
Clemens etc, O, Sancti Adriani Diacono Cardinali Apostolice
Sedis Legato.
Carissimus in Christo filius noster . . Rex Anglie illustriSy selo
accensus fidei^ tanquam Princeps catholicuSy et propagator nominis
Christiani ad liberationefn terre sancte toils anhelans affectibusy pro
ipsius terre subsldlo Slgnum vlvifice Cmcis assumpsit, Verum quia
ejusdem Regis presentia in Regno Anglie hiis potissime temporibus
multum esse dinoscitur oportuna; Volumus et per apostolica tibi
scripta mandamus^ quatinus eundem Regem dummodo mittat pro se
dilectum Jilium nobilem Virum Eadmundum filium suum cum decenti
comitiva in subsidium dicte terre a voto Crucis absolvas concessa
sibi ilia suorum venia peccatorum^ de quibus veraciter corde contritus
et ore confessus fuerit^ que concedi succurrentibus dicte terre in generali
Concilia censuevit, Dicto quoque Nobili proftciscenti in terre sancte
siiccursuviy de legatis relictis generaliter in predicte terre subsidium^ ac
redemptionibus votorum crucesignatorum^ vel crucesignandorum, usque
ad illud tempusy de quo videris expedire^ juxta tue discritionis arbi-
trium providere procures^ ut idem nobilis faciliuSy et efficacius votum ^ April
huiusmodi exequatur. Datum Viterbij v, Idus Aprilis^ anno quarto. I2(&.
[ Vatican Transcripts. Add, MS, 1 5,362, fol. 394.]
Notwithstanding the weighty reasons that led to his abandonment of
the Crusade in the previous year, all of which were in as full force as
ever, Henry publicly announced by letters patent,* dated at West-
minster 16 April 1271, that during a late grievous sickness, when he 16 .April
was beyond all human or earthly help, and when his life was despaired 1271-
of, in pure devotion and of his own will he had again vowed himself
» Patent Roll {n\ 88), 55 Hen. III. m, 16. Printed in Rymcr's
Feeder a^ i. 488.
H 2
ICK> LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
to the Cross which he had before resigned to his eldest son. After his
vow was made, from day to day his state mended, until now by a
miracle he was restored again to health. As a necessary result, he
desired by the grace of God to accomplish his vow as soon as possible ;
and before undertaking his pilgrimage, it was his bounden duty to
arrange for payment of his creditors, and to collect a large sum of
money for his voyage to the Holy Land. He then proceeds to indicate
the multifarious sources of his revenue and to deal with them ; but
limits the operation of the present writing to one whole year, reserving
to himself the option of renewal at the end of that term. If not re-
newed, then this grant to cease and all things contained therein.
In the first Great Roll* of the Exchequer for the following reign is
found a full account of this Twentieth, as finally audited, showing the
sums received from the several counties as well as the cities and
boroughs, and also from the clergy, with the manner in which the money
was bestowed. From this account — as before done in the case of the
Fifteenth (p. i6) — I proceed, first, to make some extracts at length,
and then, to exhibit the Receipts and Payments in a more condensed
form.
De VICESIMA Regi CONCESSA
COMPOTUS fratris Ade de Boclaunde thesaurarii Hospital'
de Clerkeneweir et fratris Wiiri de Medburn' thesaurarii novi
TempH London' et Egidii de Audenard quondam clerici
de Garderoba domini R. H. de denariis receptis de vicesima
eidem domino H. Regi concessis^ per manus collectorum
ejusdem vicesime in diversis Comitatibus sicut continetur in
compoto ejusdem vicesime qui est in thesauro per breve Regis
in quo continetur quod Rex mand' thes' etc.
» Ik * * * *
¥: ¥: ¥: « ^
IlDEM reddunt compotum de DCCCC.xij. H, vij. s. ix.d, et
ob. receptis ad novum Templum Lond* de vicesima predicta
in Com. Essex' per manus Will'l de Grantcurt et Will'i de
Ripar' collectorum ejusdem vicesime in eodem Com' sicut
continetur in compoto eorundem in Rotulo de vicesima qui
est in Thesauro Et de xiiij. H. xvj. d. ob. receptis per manus
eorundem post compotum redditum Et dc DC. iiij^^'^iiij. li.
xviij. s. vij. d. ob. receptis de eadem vicesima in Com' Buk'
* Pipe Roll, i Edw, I. Rot. 6, membr, 2. - Read "concessa."
' Sec Close Roily i Edw, I., mm, 6 and 5 schedule.
HENRY THE THIRD lOT
per man us Abbatis de Notele et Thome de Valoynes collect-
orum ejusdem in eodem Comitatu sicut continetur in compoto
suo in eodem Rotulo Et de CC. liij'^v. li. x. s. receptis de
eadem vicesima de Com* Midd' per manus Rogeri de Baches-
wrth' et Ric'i de Puntfreyt collectorum ejusdem in eodem
Com' sicut continetur in compoto suo in eodem Rotulo Et
de CC.lxiiij. li. rec' de eadem vicesima de Com, Hunt' etc,
^ ^ « « «
******
Et de D. iiij'" li. xv. s. j. d. rec' de eadem vicesima de Com'
Lancastr* per manus Benedicti Boneit et Benedict! Bonatr* et
sociorum suorum collectorum ejusdem in eodem Com' sicut
continetur in eodem Rotulo Et de DCC.Ixxviij. H. viij. d.
rec' de eadem vie* de com* Notingh* per manus Will'i de
Morteyn Prior' de Thurgarton* et sociorum suorum collecto-
rum ejusdem in eodem Com' sicut continetur in eodem R®
Et de CCC.lix. li. xij. s. ij. d. rec' de eadem etc.
******
* * * * *
Summa omnium summarum precedencium — xxvij.
Mill' xiij. li. vij. d. ob'.
I IDEM reddunt comp' de CC. iiij**v. li. iij. s. rec' de
vicesima Civit' London' per manus Walteri Box et Roberti
Hayrun sicut continetur in predicto R° Et de etc.
******
* * * * *
******
Summa — MM. iiij^'vj. li. xyj. d.
I IDEM r. compot' de 1. li. rec' de episcopb Elyens* per
manus Walteri de Wylburgham de auxilio R. H. concesso
ad peregrinacionem R. E. in terram sanctam Et de xvj. li.
rec* de Ep'o Exon* de eodem per manus Rogeri de Taunton*
Et de 1, li. rec' de ep'o Lincoln* de eodem etc,
******
* * * * *
******
Summa— D.xlj. li. vj. s, viij. d.
I02 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
IlDEM r. comp* de M.DCCC.xlviij. li. ix. s. iij. d. dequibus-
dam Abbatibus Prioribus et aliis viris religiosis pro vicesima
sua et villanorum suorum quorum prelatorum nomina con-
tinentur in quodam Rotulo quern predict! liberaverunt in
Thesauro.
Summa tocius recepte — xxxj Mill. CCCC. iiij"viij. li.
xvij. s. X. d. ob*. In th*o n*.
Et Regi ante quam esset Rex in recessu sue versus
terram sanctam per manus Stephani de Lond' Capellani sui
et Johannis Page anno r. r. H, patris sui liiij*^. xiij. Mill. mar.
sicut continetur in quodam Rotulo cui appensum est sigillum
Robert! Bumel Et eidem Regi anno predicto per manus
Roberti Burnel et Math'i Charrun MMM.CCC.xIiiij. m.
vij. s, iiij. d. in Itinere suo versus Doveriam Et eidem Regi
per manus Luc' de Luk' et sociorum suorum mercatorum de
Luk' anno predict! Regis H. Iv. v. M. mar. sicut continetur
ibidem Et eidem per manus Jacobi de Luk' et sociorum
suorum mercatorum de Luk' anno predicto. MM. mar. sicut
continetur ibidem Et eidem per manus dicti Luce et socio-
rum suorum mercatorum de Luk' et Peregrini de la Poynte
annp predicti R. H. Ivj*®. DCCC.xxxix. mar. ix. s. sicut con-
tinetur ibidem.
Summa denar* liber' et missorum Regi — xxiiij. Mill.
. inj"nij. mar. iij. s.
Et Henr' de Allem' proficiscenti cum Rege in subsidium
26 July terre sancte sc xv. milite die Sabbatiin crastino sancti Jacobi
apostoli anno ejusdem H. R. liiij.^ apud novum Templum
Lond' per manus Michaelis Maucondut militis sui. M.D. mar.
sicut continetur ibidem Et Rogero de Leyburne ad pro-
iiciscendum cum Rege se x® milite ibidem et eodem die
M. mar. sicut continetur in eodem R^ Et Briano de Branton'
proficiscenti cum eodem se altero milite CC. mar. sicut con-
tinetur ibidem Et Rogero de Clyfford' proficiscenti etc.
« « « ^ «
Et Edmundo fratri Regis tunc filio dicti H. R. proficiscenti
post Regem x. Mill. mar. sicut continetur ibidem Et G. de
Clare Com' Glouc' qui debuit proficisci post Regem per
1270.
HENRY THE THIRD IO3
*
manus Ade de Blechingr clerici sui in vigilia Omnium
Sanctorum anno predicto . M. mar. [de prestito] sicut contine-
tur ibidem, de quibus idem Comes respondet in Glouc' in R. nono.
Summa den' lib* militibus predictis — xxij. Mill. D. mar.
Et Civibus Wygorn' quibus Rex tenebatur pro quibus-
dam debitis suis Ixxv. mar. sicut continetur ibidem Et
Amato de Cuntyf in partem solucionis debitorum in quibus
Rex ei tenebatur C.l. mar. iiij. s. xj. d. sicut continetur ibidem
Et Rad*o de Aubeney militi per manus episcopi Bathon' in
partem solucionis debitorum in quibus Rex ei tenebatur
C.xxij. m. xj. s. ix. d. ob. sicut continetur ibidem Et Egidio
de Audenard quondam clerico domini H. R. ad jocalia R.
inpignorata in Francia acquietanda iiij"iiij. m. x. s. sicut
continetur ibidem Et Elye de Berkweye pro expensis suis
factis circa vicesimam R. colligendam in Com. Essex' et
Hertford' xxvij. mar. vj. s. x. d. sicut continetur ibidem Et
Hugoni de Kendale clerico pro expensis suis circa eandem
vicesimam colligendam in Com. Ebor* xxv. mar, sicut con-
tinetur ibidem Et Simoni de Hereford* clerico ad expensas
suas et sociorum suorum in partibus quinque portuum
xxxij. s, sicut continetur ibidem Et predictis receptoribus
vicesime pro quibusdam minutis expensis factis circa eandem
vicesimam xxix. s. iiij. d. sicut continetur ibidem Et in
expensis Walteri de la Haye et Iteri clerici factis circa
vicesimam colligendam in Com. Heref xiij. li. vij. s. viij. d.
sicut continetur ibidem Et in expensis Will'i de Lisins
factis circa vicesimam colligendam in Com. Devon' ix, m.
sicut continetur ibidem Et Galfr'o de Picheford' Constabu-
lario de Wyndles' ad vivarium R. ibidem reparandum . xv.
mar. sicut continetur ibidem Et magistro Henr* de Bray
eunti ad capiend* seisinam de terris Geoi^i de Cantilupo ad
expensas suas . xv. mar. sicut continetur ibidem.
Summa denar* liber* dictis Civibus et aliis superius
allocatis — D.xlix. mar. ij. s. vj, d. ob',
Summa omnium precedencium misarum — xlvij. Mill
CCxxxiij. mar. v. s, vj. d. ob'. In libris — xxxj. Mill.
CCCC. iiij"viij. li. xviij. s. x. d, ob'. Et quieti sunt
[Secundus Rotulus Campotorum]
I04
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
The statement made by Wyfces^ that the king's treasury was but
little, if at all, augmented (p. 91) by this Twentieth, is verified by the
last parag^ph beginning " Et Civibus Wygom'," which shows a sum of
^366 (the equivalent of 549 marks) 2s. (3^ only as coming to Henry;
and even out of this amount £s i 9r. 2d. are seen to have been allowed
in payment to various persons who were employed in the collection of
the tax.
The full Account, translated and abstracted from the Pipe Roll is as
follows : —
Counly
l!«ssex . ••• ••
Rec* after Ace*
rendered
Buckingham
Middlesex
Huntingdon
Cambridge ... •.
Berks
Derby
Leicester
Rec* further
Suffolk
Sussex
Kent
Hertford*
Wilts
Warwick
Rutland
Lincoln
Westmerland
Northampton
Stafford
Somerset and |
Dorset ... j -
Hundred of Ralph \
de Daubeney in \ 20
CO. Somerset ... )
912
}"
684
285
264
863
551
479
836
I
1,014
717
2,322
533
911
515
220
2,208
190
1,107
500
1,652
s, d,
7 9*
1 4i
18 7*
10 —
9 8*
5 10
13 4
3 8
9 8i
15 0}
10 —
3 7
17 2j
16 4
15 5
2 8
2 1
14 oj
— 5
8 o\
\
}
County
N orthumberland
Newcastle-
upon-Tyne
Surrey
Hereford
Arrears in said *>
county. )
Hundred of
Urchenfeud
Norfolk
Worcester ...
Arrears ...
Bedford
Cumberland...
Southampton
Lancaster...
Nottingham...
Salop
Oxford
Cornwall
Gloucester' ...
Devon
Hundred of Lifton
X OFK ... ... .,,
477
J. d,
8 II
100
314
390
3 4
13 10
16
51
1,872
344
322
436
462
580
778
359
600
100
830
270
8
1,889
5 7i
3
6
9
4
2
-3
5
17
II \\\
10
15
12
9i
I
8
2
Sum of all the
foregoing sums
} ;£27,
013
4 n
18 —
16 8
I 4
- 7i
Cities and Towns'^
London
Rec*" further
£, s, d. Cities and Towns
285 3 — Ludlow*
I 13 10 Lincoln
£, s, d.
20
120
* Written " Hereford." See that county in the next column.
* See the extract from the Patent Roll, printed above (p. 96), and
being an acquittance from the king for this precise sum.
» The town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne is placed in the counties under
" Northumbcriand." See above. < Lodclawe.
HENRY THfi THIRD
165
Cities and Towns
£. s.
d.
Cities and Towns
£' S' d.
Northampton
29*13
4
Scarborough ...
• • •
66 13 4
Portsmouth' ...
10 —
Worcester
• ■ •
100
Nottingham .
40
Southampton
• • •
33 6 8
York ...
• •
200 —
Rochester
• • •
14
Salop ...
• •
38 I
Norwich
• t •
37 3 6
Canterbury ,
40
Stamford
• • •
66 13 4
Lynn' ...
66 13
4
Grantham* ...
• • •
33 6 8
Winchester
90 —
Mailing
• ••
10
Yarmouth*
100 —
Colchester ...
• ••
13 6 8
Ipswich
20 —
Bedford
• ••
20
Grimsby
66 13
4
Cinque Ports...
• • •
563 6 8
Sum;^:
s,o86 1 4
Next follow the sums received from eleven bishops* and the arch-
bishop of York, which in all amount to £^\i dr. Zd, Then, the receipt
from abbots, priors and other religious men, being ;£ 1,848 91. yl.
General Summary of Receipts. ^ .
£^, s, a.
Counties (including the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne)... 27,013 — 7j
Cities and towns 2,086 i 4
Bishops (including the archbishop of York) 54 > 6 8
Abbots, priors and other religious men 1,848 9 3
Sum Total ;C3 1,488 17 loj
General Summary of Payments. ., , ,
Marks s, d.
Delivered and sent to Edward (new king) at and after 1 2A-i8a t.
his departure for the Holy Land /
Delivered to Henry of Almoin^ and other knights!
going to the Holy Land /
Delivered and allowed to the citizens of Worcester l
and others /
549 2 61-
Marks 47,233 5 W
which sum is equal to
';£3i,488 18 loj
* "xxix" altered to "xxx," and xiij. x. iiij. d. left. The amount required
here to make the total correct is ^£30 or. od,
' Portesmue. • Len. * Gememuthe. * Graham.
' They are named in this order — Ely, Exeter, Lincoln, Sarum, Bath,
Carlisle, Winchester, London, Worcester, Norwich, York, Rochester.
^ The excess of one shilling over the amount received is not noticed
on the roll.
\o6 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Callage » 3(tttiigr» 9lt^, tfatucage*
A general summary of the taxes laid upon the people during this
reign has been cited above (p. 70) from Carte; and a particular descrip-
tion of each impost with its date — as well as it can be ascertained — is
formulated in the "Table of Taxation" prefixed, to which the
reader is referred. The classes named in the heading of this section are
kept apart from the Subsidies for greater convenience, and in order to
allow of general illustration.
Tallage
Tallage, or Talliage — from the French taille — was used to denote
part of a man's substance paid by way of Tribute, Toll or Tax. It was of
two kinds ; one paid to the king, the other to a subordinate lord. Seeing
that Madox has devoted to this subject an entire chapter containing
79 pages,* under the heading " Of the Revenue arising by Tallage," little
need be attempted here beyond a bare definition followed by examples
of Tallage paid in the county of Lancaster.
The Tallage rendered to the king was raised upon demesnes in his
own hands, escheats and wardships, and upon towns and boroughs of
the realm. The proportion in which it was levied does not clearly appear,
but it may have been a tenth, for the words tallagium decitnarum were
found by Madox to have been employed in the Pipe Roll oib Ric. I. in
an entry extracted by him (i. 730, note a) : — " In Perdonis, per breve
Regis, praedictis Hominibus, xxxix 1. & v s. & ij d., propter Tallagium
Decimarum : Et Q. e. Mag. Rot, 6 R, i. Rot, 12. a. DeifenesciraP
A general tallage was ordered in 11 Hen, III. (30 January 1226-7),
because the king believed that an opportunity was then given to him of
recovering his inheritance abroad, for which purpose he intended to cross
the sea immediately. He therefore caused all his cities, boroughs and
demesnes to be talliated in the several counties by commissioners
appointed to act in conjunction with the sheriff. The persons nominated
for Yorkshire were Alexander de Dorsete and Simon de Hal; and they
were commanded, after the assessment had been made by them in that
county, to proceed to Lancaster, and together with the sheriff to assess
tallage there, and in other of the king's boroughs and demesnes in Lanca-
shire ;' so that one moiety thereof should be paid into the Exchequer to the
king's use at the Close of Easter then coming (18 April 1227), and the
other moiety at the feast of S,John Baptist following (24 June 1227).
The return thereupon made is recorded on the Pipe Roll o{ 1 1 Hen. III.
as follows : —
* The History and Antiquities of the Exchequer &c i. 685-763.
^ Close Roll^ II Hen, III. m, 19 dorse ; printed in Rot, Litt, Clous,
ii. 269 a.
HENRY THE THlRD lO/
[Rot. I, membr, 2]
De^ Taillagio per Magistrum Alex* de Dorset' et
Simonem de Hal.
Villata de Lankastr* r. comp. de xiij. m. et ij. s. de eodem.
In th. iiij. li. et vj. s. Et deb. iiij. li. et ix. s. et iiij. d.
Villat* de Liverpul r. comp. de xj. m. et vij. s. et viij. d. de
eodem. In th. Ixxv. s. Et deb. Ixxix. s. et iiij. d.
Villat' de Westderby r. comp. de vij. m. et iiij. s. et iiij. d. de
eodem. In th. Ix. s. Et deb. xxxvij. s. et viij. d.
Villat' de Everton r. comp. de v. m. et ij.s. et iiij.d. de eodem.
In th. xl. s. Et deb. xxix. s.
Villat' de Magna Crosseby r. comp. de viij. m. et v. s. de eodem.
In th. Ixv. s. Et deb. iij. m. et dim*.
Villaf de Samford* et de Burton* et Wurdeshal* et de Flixton*
r. comp. de viij. m. et v. s. et iiij. d. de eodem. In th.
xlij. s. Et deb. Ixx. s.
Villat' de Singelton' r. comp. de iij. m. et v. s. et viij d. de
eodem. In th. xx. s. Et deb. xxv. s. et viij. d.
Villat* de Brocton* r. comp. de iiij. m. et x. s. et viij. d. de
eodem. In th. xl. s. Et deb xxiiij. s.
Villat* de Preston' r. comp. de xv. m. et vj. d. de eodem.
In th. C. et X. s. Et deb. iiij. li. et x. s. et vj. d.
Villat' de Sline r. comp. de xxx. s. et viij. d. de eodem. In
th. xxx. s. Et deb. viij. d.
Villat' de Wra r. comp. de v. s. de eodem. In th. iiij. s.
Et deb. xij. d.
Villat' de Riggebi r. comp. de dim. m. de eodem.
Villat' de StanhuU* iij. s. de eodem.
Tenentes in theinnagio x. m. pro hahendo respectu
ne tailientur.
id' vie. r. comp. de xxiiij. s. de taill* de Overton*. Et de
XV. s. et vj. d. de taill' de Scherton'. In th. lib'.
Et quietus est
Tallage is sometimes called auxilium} Thus in a roll relating to
Wiltshire — ^ Summa secundi auxilii x. soL quos idem vicecomes recepit
^ This entry immediately follows (in a new line) the words "sociorum
ejus" (p. 39).
' 'Mn thft elder Times it was usually called Donum and Assisa.*^ So
toS LANCASHikE Lay subsidies
de quodam Edmundo et nichil amplius datum fuit de illo tallagio."*
Again, "de auxilio villarum" in the Pipe Roll of 23 Hen, II., referred to
in the Red Book of the Exchequer (fol. 209) under the heading :— " Incipit
Rotulus R. H. xxiij " (f. 208). " Maneria talliata hoc anno" (f. 209). As
early instance of tallage assessed in this county, I here extract the
entries at length from the original.
Lancastra
Rad' fir Bernard* redd. Comp. de CC. li. de firma ejusdem
Honoris. In thesauro C. et xlvj. li. et iiij. s.
Et In terris Datis etc,
Et Quietus est.
# « « « #
•Jf * -x- -x- * *
De auxilio villarum ejusdem Honoris per^ Will* fil'
Rad' et Will* Bass* et Mich* Bel*.
ID* Rad* redd. Comp. de xxxviij m. et iij. s. et iiij. d. de aux*
de Lancast* In th*ro xxv. li. et iij. s. et iiij. d. Et
deb. dim. m.
ID* Rad* redd. Comp. de xvj. li. et x. s. de aux* de Preston'
In th*ro XV. li. et xiij. s. et viij. d. Et deb. xvj. s. et iiij. d.
ID' Rad' redd. Comp. de ij. m. et dim. de aux* de Torp. In
th'ro xvij, s. et ix. d. Et deb. xv. s. et vij. d.
id' Rad' redd. Comp. de Ixxij. m. et dim. de aux* Teinorum
et Drengorum. In th'ro xlvj. li. et vj. s. et viij. d.
Et deb. xl. s.
ID* Rad* redd. Comp. de dim. m. de aux* de Slina.^ Et de j. m.
de aux* de Overton'. Et de x. m. de aux* de Hest Et de
j. m. de aux* de Oxicliva. Et de j. m. de aux' de Pressora.
Et de XXX. s. de aux' de Hamelton*. Et de dim. m. de
aux' de Steinola. Et de v. m. de aux* de Singelton*.
Madox^ who then produces some precedents — beginning with the earliest
Pipe Roll (then called 5 Stephen) — relating to the payments which were
called Donum^ Assisa^ and Tallagium, [Hist of Exch. i. 694 ]
» Coram Rege, 6 Ric. I. (No. 4) m. 6 dorso. " Hundr* de Wind'dich*."
But see under aid (p. 128), that auxilium may here refer to scutage.
• These names are extended by Madox (i. 1 31, note «/) : — " Willelmum
(ilium Radulii et Willelmtun Basset et Michaelem Belet.**
^ The original is here arranged in four columns symmetrically.
HENRY THE THIRD lOQ
Et de xxxiiij. s. et viij. d. de Westderbi. Et de ij. m. de
aux* de Hales. Et de xxxvj. s. et viij. d. de aux' de
Fomebia. Et de xxxvj. s. et viij. d. de Grossebi.^ Et
de j. m. de aux* de Wavertrea. Et de iij. m. et dim. de aux*
de Waleton*. Et [de] dim. m. de Tingwella. Et de j. m.
de aux' de Litherlanda. Et de iij. m. et dim. de aux' de
Niweton*. Et de j. m. de aux* de Salford*. Et de dim. m.
de aux' de Burton'. Et de ij. m. de aux' de Ordeshala,
Et de ij. m. de aux* de Suoreswurtha. Et de dim. m. de
aux* de Cherleton*. Et de j. m. de aux' de Flixton'. Et
de dim. m. de aux. de Clifton'. Et de ix. m. de aux* de
Cartmel.
S[umma]. xxxviij. li. et iiij. s. et viij. d. In th'ro
liberau. in xxv. tall*. Et Quiet* est.
[Pipe Roll, 23 Hen. II.]
Tallage was assessed sometimes in gross' {in communi\ sometimes
by the poll {per capita) ; and, as it appears by entries in the Close
Rolls, the- alternative was left to the choice of those who were liable
to the tax. These were allowed to compound with the king in a stated
sum. The proceeding in use is shown by the extracts here following,
which result from an order made 27 January 1228-9 f^r Tallage to be
again taken in Lancashire, after an interval of but two years from that
before noted (p. 107). Of the "Westereis " mentioned below, I can oflfer
no fiuther explanation than this. They must be the persons who are
named in the Pipe RolPoi 3 Hen. 111. under the heading, " Lancastr'.
De TalP Maneriorum." After the items — " Villat' de Lancastr*, Preston',
Liverpol, Skerton,"&c. there occurs this: — "Westrenses Warin' Banastr*
deb. XV. m. de eodem." Again, in the Fine Roll of 13 Hen. III. (cited
below), mention is made of " Walenses Banastr* " — surely the same —
who fined with the king in twenty marks for being quit this turn of
• So written, but an evident error for Crossebi (Crosby). See the
previous account (p. 107).
- Henry ordered his escheator, John le Moyne, whom he had ap-
pointed in the room of the prior of Wymundeham removed from office,
lo assess tallage in all cities, boroughs and the king's demesnes citra
Trentam that had not yet been assessed, " separatim per capita vel in
communi prout inagis vitkritis expediref^ yet so that the rich were not
spared, or the poor unduly aggrieved. He was further directed to
deliver the estreats of tallage to the several sheriffs citra Trentam in
order that they might levy the amounts. Dated at Clarendon 10 Dec.
1268. {Patent Roll, 53 Hen. 111. ;;/. 26 (or «• 56)]
^ See the Account printed at length below (p. 123).
Mo LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
tallage, and agreed to render that sum in two payments ; half at Michael-
mas next (29 Sept 1229), the other half at the feast of S. Hilary follow-
ng (13 January 1229-30).
De talliandis Mandaium est viceconuti Lane, quod assumpHs secum
dominicis Rogero Gertiet et Gal/r' Balistar' in presentia eorum
Regis in com. tcUliari faciat omnes theinos regis de comitatu suo et
Lane. facta diligenti inquisicione de illis qui^ Westereis appel-
lantur qualiter singuli eorum tenementa sua teneani
27 Jan. illos similiter talliari faciat eo modo quo debent et sotent. Teste ut
1228-9. supra (i.e. Teste rege apud Westm, xxvij, die Januarii anno xiij''.)
[Fine Roily 13 Hen, III, m, 11]
Mandaium est vicecomiti Lancastr^ quod Theyni de com, Lancastt^
finem fecerunt aim domino rege per quinquaginta marcas ut quieti
sint hoc vice de tallagio quod rex super eos per eundem vicecomitem
assideri precepit et quod accepta securitate de mecHetate predictarum
L, marcarum reddenda ad festum Sancti Michaelis anno xiij; et alia
medietate ad Pascha anno xiiij* de predicto tallagio hac vice pacem eis
20 March habere permittat. Teste ut supra (i.e. Teste domino rege apud Merle-
1228-9. berge xx, die Marcii anno eodem). [Fine Roll^ 13 Hen, III. m. 9]
pro Walensibus Walenses Banastr^ finem fecerunt cum domino rege
Banastr* per xx, marcas ut quieti sint hcu: vice de tallagio suo
quas quidem xx, marcas reddent domino regi ad duos
terminos videlicet medietatem ad festum Sancti Michaelis anno xiij* et
aliam medietatem ad festum Sancti Hyllarii anno xiiij" et mandatiim
est vicecomiti Lancastr^ quod de predicto tallagio quod ab eis exigit
pacem eis habere permittat et ccveria eorum ea occasione capta eis
16 May reddi faciat. Teste rege apud Westm, xvj, die Mali. [Fine Roll,
1229. i^Hen, III. ;«. 7]
To pass over the intermediate years to a much later date than
any of the foregoing. Of the king's demesnes in Lancashire talliated
in the 45th year (126 1) a record is preserved in the Close Roll, 52 Hen. III.,
written on a schedule, or additional skin of parchment, attached to
membrane 6. The returns of tallage are here arranged in double
columns, beginning " Devon," and continued on the back where in
the first column, after " Wyltes." and " Kane." comes " Lancastr."
Dominica Regis talliata anno regni sui xlv***
Lancastr*-
Viir de Lane' - . - - xiiij. li.
Viir de Preston* - . . - xx. li. 1 j. m.
Viir de Brocton' - . - - C. sol.
* In the roll " de illis qui " twice, by mistake.
* The same return with greater detail in Pipe Roll (idb\ ^ Hth, III.
HENRY THE THIRD III
Viir de Singelton' - - - - ix. m.
Vill* de Slyne - - - - viij. m.
Viir de Riggeby - - - - ij. m.
Viir de Overton' - - - - vj. m. et di.
Viir de Skerton' . - - - xx. s.
ViirdeWra - . - - ij. m.
Viir de Halton' - - - - j. m.
Joh'es de Steynhol - - - ij. m. et di.
Terra Rob'ti fir Walteri de Hole - - x. s.
Joh'es fir Rob'ti prepositi de Overton' - x. s.
Rob'tus fir Ric'i - - , - ij. s. et vj. d.
Walterus de Halton' - - - j- "i.
Joh'es fir Ad' - - - - v. s. .
Ad'deKillet - - - - j. m.
Joh'es fir Ric'i de Singelton' - - v. s.
[^Close Roily 52 Hen, HI. m, 6 in cedula]
As already stated (p. 106), Tallage was likewise paid to a subordinate
lord. Barons and great men were permitted to have tallage from their
own tenants, when the king talliated his demesnes. The writ issued
thereupon was addressed to the sheriff of such a county who was
ordered to allow reasonable tallage {racionabile tallagium) to such a
person in his manor, if it had been ancient demesne of the king or of
his predecessors, kings of England, and had been heretofore wont to be
talliated. The common form of inrolment is, " Quia rex dominica sua
per Anglia?n facit ad presens talliari mandatum est vicecomiit^* etc. ;
but the instance here following shows the words of the writ, as from
the king in person : —
Pro Rad'o le Rex vicecotniti Lync* salutem Quia dominica nostra
Fauconer. per Angliam ad presens facimus talliari titn precipi-
mus quod si manerium de Kyleby fuerit antiquum
dominicum nostrum vel predecessorum nostrorum regum Anglie et
hactenus talliari consueverit in aliis tailagiis dominicorum nostrorum
tunc Rad*o le Fauconer racionabile tallagium habere facias de tenen-
iibiis suis in manerio predicto sicut in aliis tailagiis nostris fieri con- 28 Oct
suevit Teste me ipso apud WestnC xxviij, die Octobris anno regni 1268.*
nostri L* secundo. [Close Roily 52 Hen. III. m. i]
Tallage of the Jews
So considerable were the sums of money extorted from the /ews
during this reign under the name of Tallage, that it is scarcely possible
to avoid allusion to them. Madox has collected several instances from
records ; and amongst them is one found in Memoranddy ?8 H^n^ III.,
1 12 LANCASHIRE LAY -SUBSIDIES
showing a tallage to have been imposed upon the/ews of sixty thousand
marks (i. 225). Beside fines in proceedings at law, amerciaments for
misdemeanors (real or alleged), and compositions for freedom to trade
and so forth, the king would at pleasure talliate the whole community,
obliging the more wealthy to answer for any deficiency from the poorer
sort. Upon default at any time, heavy fines were inflicted. In short,
the king bore himself as veritable lord of their estates and chattels,
arrogating to himself absolute power to deal at any moment with the
persons oijews^ their wives and their children.*
In order to escape the instant assessment of tallage, a fine was at
times exacted. Thus, in the year 1269 the community oi Jews in
England fined with the king in one thousand pounds, to have respite of
tallage for three years from the date, unless in the mean time the king
or his sons should according to their vow proceed to the Holy Land ; in
which case the king might find need to tax them. The said amount was
to be paid in three several sums of 500 marks each, viz. i, on Tuesday
(28 May) after the Octave of the Holy Trinity ; 2, on the feast of the
Nativity of S. John Baptist (24 June) ; and 3, on Michaelmas-day
following (29 Sept. 1269). The money was to be levied to the king's use
at those terms ; but, so as. not to aggrieve ^ooxjews beyond their ability,
it was directed that the wealthy members of the body should not be
spared in the levy of their contribution to the fine agreed upon. Dated
at Windsor 26 May^ in the 53rd year of the reign (1269).'
The only detailed return of Tallage set upon \}i\^Jcws^ which can be
found readily, is one of an assessment made in 39 Hen, III. (125$) and
recorded in the Pipe Roll^ 44 Hen. III. (1260). The amount of this
however — two thousand marks — is utterly insignificant when compared
to the sums before mentioned (p. iii) as quoted by Madox, With
regard to the largest of these— 60,000 marks or ;£40,ooo — it far exceeds
the total of the Twentieth (p. 105) received from the whole of England,
and is double the sum (30,000 marks or £;iq^ooo) given to the emperor by
Henry on the occasion of his sister's marriage (page 45, note 3). Turning
to the reference given hy Madox {Memoranda [L. T. R.] 7.% Hen. III.
Rot, 6 b\ the record shows that the payment of the 60,000 marks (or
;£4o,ooo) was to be spread over the space of five years, reckoned from
the feast of the Holy Trinity in the 28th year (29 May 1244) ; the terms
of pa>-ment being this feast and the feast of Saint Hilary (13 January)
annually. Thus Xht Jewish community would be liable to a contribution
of ;f 8,000 by the year for five years ; and this, when they were yet en-
gaged in discharging the arrears of 20,000 marks' tallage but lately
assessed upon them : as may be seen by the Memoranda^ 28 Hen. III.
(L. T. R.) Ro. 5. Whether Henry succeeded in obtaining this extraordinary
* The History and Antiquities of the Exchequer^ i. 221-225.
* In the Patent Roll^ 53 Hen. III. w. 12, the date is 25 May {xxv. die
Maij),
' Exch, Q. R, Memoranda (42), 52 & 53 Hen. III. ;;/. 12.
HENRY THE THIRD II3
amount, or even a large portion of it, is an inquiry which I am not able
to pursue. His writs to the barons of the Exchequer indicate his in-
tention to talliate the community ; but to entertain a design and to
carry it into execution are not quite the same thing. At least, the greed
of the king and the reputed wealth of the Jews are brought prominently
to view in the two following entries : —
Baronibus pro Rex concessit eisdem quod non distringantur pro aliquibus
omnibus debiiis in quibus regiprius tenebantur donee ei reddiderint
Judeis Anglie 7jr. milia marcarum quas regi reddent infra quinque annos
indelicet a festo Sancte Trinitatis anno xxviijo usque in
quinque annos sequentes conpletos. Et ideo etc breve [est] in for' Mat'
et mandatum est vicecomiti NorJT pro Samuel de Norwid,
Bar' pro Samuel' Rex eisdem Sciatis quod Samuel filius Leonis judei
fil' Leonis iud' Kbor^ finem fecit nobiscum per septem milia marcarum
de Ebor* pro relevio catallorum predicti Leonis patris sui et pro
ccUallis prefati patris sui et suis inventis extra archam
et ut quietus sit de tallagio sexaginta millia marcarum quod super judeos
nostros Anglie assideri faciemus que quidem vij. millia m. nobis reddet
infra quinque annos ad eosdem terminos ad quos prefati judei precHcta
Ix^ millia marcarum nobis reddent videlicet ad fe stum Sancte Trinitatis
et adfestum Sancti Hillarii, Et ideo etc^ breife est infor^ Mar^ et man-
datum est justiciariis judeorum, {^Memoranda {L. T, R.), 2S Nen, III.
Ro. 6 dorso.]
The Tallage of 2,000 marks, assessed upon the fews in England in
the 39th year of the king's reign (1255), was distributed throughout the
several cities and towns in the following proportions : —
Annus xliiij. R. H.
Secundus Rotulus compotorum
COMPOTUS ejusdem W. [i.e. Wiirf de Axemue] pro se et
Johanne de Wyvill' Simone Passel' fratre Roberto de
Mauneby et Magistro Joh'e de Chishuir de tallagio
assesso super Judeos Anglie anno xxxix. scilicet de
MM. mar. secundum particulas inferius contentas.
Idem r. comp. de C. et Ix. m. de Aaron fil. Abrah' iudeo
London' de eodem tallagio Et de C. et xxx. m. de Elya
levesk* de eodem Et de CCCC. m. de communa iudeo-
rum Lond' de eodem Et de C.lx. m. de Aaron de Ebor'
iudeo de eodem Et de iiij". m. de communa ludeorum
Ebor* de eodem Et de xx. li. de Leon' iudeo Lincoln'
de eodem Et de xx, li. de Jacob' fil' suo de eodem Et
de iiij'". et x. m. de communa iudeorum Line' de eodem
Et de xl. m. de communa iudeorum Stanford* de eodem
1
114 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Et de C. s. de communa iudeorum Notingeham* de eodem
Et de xxvj. m. de communa iudeorum Northampton' de
eodem Et de xx. m. de Pictau' iudeo Bedeford de eodem
Et de xij. m. de Fauntekin iudeo ibidem de eodem Et
de C. s. de communa iudeorum ibidem de eodem Et de
Ix. m. de communa iudeorum Cantebr' Holm' et Clar' de
eodem Et de Ix. m. de communa iudeorum Norwic* de
eodem Et de xxiiij. m. de communa iudeorum Colec' de
eodem ^ Et de C. et xl. m. de communa iudeorum Can-
tuar' de eodem Et de xl. m. de Licoric* iudea Winton'
de eodem Et de Ixx. m. de communa iudeorum Winton'
de eodem Et de iiij''\ m. de communa iudeorum Merle-
berg' de eodem Et de xlv. m. de communa iudeorum
Wiltun' de eodem Et de xxx. m. de communa iudeorum
Exon' de eodem Et de xxx. m. de communa iudeorum
Bristol!' de eodem Et de xxx. m. de communa iudeorum
i0*Colecestr' de eodem Et de xv. m. de communa iudeorum
Hereford' de eodem Et de C. m. de Hake iudeo Wigorn'
et communa eiusdem ville de eodem Et de xl. s. de
communa iudeorum W[arw'] de eodem Et de L. m. de
communa iudeorum Oxon' de eodem Et de xxx. m.
de Abraham fil' Abrah' iudeo Berkested' de eodem
Summa MM. m. In th. nich. Et in sup[er]plus
quod habet infra M. et xlix. li. et xv. d. et ob.
Et deb. CC. iiij"iiij. li. v. s. iiij. d. et ob. Et r. in R. xviij.
R. E. fir R. E. in Somers'.
Will's de Axemue r. comp. de DCCCC.xxvj. li. etc, Summa
misarum MM.v. li. et vj. s. Et habet de suppl' M.xlix. li.
XV. d. et ob. qui allocantur ei in tall' iudeorum.
{Pipe Roily 44 Hen, HI. Rot. i, membr. 2.]
"Tallage,^ says Coke^ is a general word for all Taxes. 2 Inst,
fol. 532." After explaining, under " Stat, de Tallagio non concedendo,"
the meaning of Tallagium or Tailagium to be " any charge or burthen "
* The contraction " Colec." in this item seems to stand for Colchester^
and the town which appears below, between the items relating to Bristol
and Hereford, should (almost certainly) be Gloucester,
2 Sec /acol^s (or any other) Law- Dictionary under the word
" Tallage."
HENRY THE THIRD 11$
put upon a man by the king or any other, he concludes by saying * — " so
" as Tallagium is a general word, and doth include all Subsidies, Taxes,
" Tenths, Fifteens, Impositions, or other burthens or charge put or set
*' upon any man, and so is expounded in our Books ; here it is restrained
" to Tallages, set or levied by the king or his heirs." In support of
this statement it will be sufficient to cite one instance. A tax, laid upon
their rents and chattels by the mayor, bailiffs and citizens of York for
the purpose of repairing and strengthening the walls and defences of
that city, is called by the king' ^^ quoddam tallagium,^* This impost
had been resisted by Master Robert de Pykerynge^ dean of the cathedral
church of S. Peter at York ; but he was ordered by the king, under date
I Januaty 1 320-1, to withdraw his opposition and to allow the tallage to
be levied according to the ordinance thereupon made by general consent
of the citizens there.
SCUTAGE
SCUTAGE^ was a duty or service arising out of baronies and knights'
fees,^ which compelled attendance on the king, as chief lord, when he
went forth to war ; with the alternative of paying, in lieu of service, for
each knight's fee a sum of money, varied in amount from time to time
as necessity might require. It was rendered to the king by all those
who held of him in capite by knight's service or by serjeanty, and also
by all those who held in like manner of wards in the king's hands,
whether they were lands of vacant sees, or lands of earls, barons or
other free men whomsoever. The persons thus liable are clearly de-
scribed by the king's own writ, issued in preparation for his voyage to
Gascony in 1242, and printed above at length (p. 64). It is there seen
that the several sheriffs in England were ordered to cause to be sum-
moned " archiepiscopos tpiscopos comites barones abbates et priores mtlites
et liberos homines qui de nobis tenent in capite per seruicium militare
sive per serjantiam et omnes illos similiter tarn milites quam alios
tenentes per seruicium militare vel per serjantiam qui tenent de wardis
in manu nostra existentibus sive sint warde de terris episcopatuum sive
* TIu Second Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England^ 532.
Sixth Edition. London, 168 1.
- " Cum ut intelleximus Maior Ballivi et Gives civitatis nostre Eber^
quoddam tallagium super redditibus et catallis suis in eadem civitate pro
muris et fossatis ac aliis fortaliciis dicte civitatis reparandis et corro-
borcmdis pro salvacione et defensione civitatis illius ex unanimi consensu
suo apposuerunt per constabularios wardarum dicte civitatis levandum
vos" etc. [Close Roll^ 14 Edw, II, m, 12 dorso.]
3 The alternative name, "Escuage" (French, escu, a shield), has
fallen into disuse.
* Madox, in his great work, The History and Antiquities of the
Exchequer^ i. 619- 684, has elaborated this subject, taking especial pains
to fortify his account by record evidence.
I 2
Il6 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
de terris comitum baronum vel aliorum quorumcutnque liberorum
hominum^
While the earls, barons and other tenants are to come in person, the
writ enjoins the archbishops, bishops, abbots and priors to have their
service (habere servicium suum) at the place and day fixed ; that is, to
furnish the requisite number of knights for the fees which they hold, in
the proportion of one knight to each fee.
The term of service due for one fee was limited to a period of forty
days. For example, take the following acquittance given by He?try to
the abbot of Ramsey : —
Rex omnibus etc, salutem Sciatis quod abbiis de Rame^ per preceptum
nostrum fecit nobis servicium suum in summonicione excercitus nostri
1267 ^p^ Salof per quatuor miliies a crastino Assumpdonis bcate Marie
anno etc, quinquagesimo primo per quadraginta dies sequentes de quo
quidem servicio ipsum abbatem penitus quietamus. In cujus etc. Teste
IS Feb. ut supra [i.e. rege apud Westm. x2k die Februarii\ [Patent Roily
1267-8. s^ Hen. in. m. 26.]
The king's tenants who did service to him in person, or by substitute,
were allowed to have scutage from their own tenants. Beside in-
numerable entries of such allowance on the Chancery rolls of this reign,
there yet remain* several "Scutage Rolls." From one of these 1 extract
so much as relates to Lancashire, selecting this roll for no other reason
than that it concerns Nenr/s expedition to Gascony which has been
noticed above in detail (p. 65).
Scutagium concessum ad transfretacionem domini H. regis filii regis
Johannis in Wasconiam anno regni ipsius regis H. xxvj. de mili-
tibus subscriptis qui cum rege venerunt.
Rex vicecomiti Lancastr^ salutem Precipimus tibi quod facias habere
dilecto fratri etfideli nostro R, comiti Pictavic et Comubie in quindena -
Sancti Michaelis que erit in festo Sancfi Edioardi scutagiu?n suum de
feodis militum que de nobis tenet in capite in lialliiui tua scilicet de scuto
tres marcas pro cxcercitu nostro contra transfretiuionem nostram in Was-
I May coniam anno regni nostri vicesimo sexto Teste rege apud Wintoniain
1242. y. die Mail.
Eodem modo scribitur [vie'] Norf et SuJT Ebor^ Nich' ^ Notingham
et Derbi Warr" et Leyrc" Norhavipf Jhdeford Jiuk" Cantebi' Jluntend'
Rotelcmnd^ Essex' et Hertford* Comul^ Berk' Sumerset* et Dors' Here-
ford' Glouc" Oxon' Staff" et Salop.
* For a " List of the Scutage and Marshal's Rolls amongst the Public
Records," see page 71 of a valuable paper, contributed in 1884 to the
Genealogist (New Series), i. 65-76, by Mr. S. R. Bird of H.M. Public
Record Office.
- Observe that the quinzaine of Saint Michael is a precise day, viz.
the thirteenth of October.
* ** Nich"[ole] is here used for the county of Lincoln,
HENRY THE THIRD 117
Petrus de Sabaudia habet scutagium suum in com. Line' Sussex'
Surr' Cantebr' Ebor' Notingeham' Hertford* Norf SufT de feodis mill-
turn que de rege tenet in capite.
ThonC Greley^ habet etc. in comitatibus Katu^ Ebot^ Lane' Un(^ Oxon^
Notingham RoteV Norf et Suff".
//. de Bohun comes Hereford^ et Essex^ habet etc, in comitatibus . . rr'
Lane' Middlesex^ ete.
Trilor^ ab Poel habet etc, in com. Lane' et Hertford,^
[Tower, Miscellaneous Rolls. ii/6.]
*\llusion was before made (page 6i, note 5) to the fines exacted by
Henry^ beside their ordinary scutage, from his military tenants who
remained behind in England and so evaded service with him in Gascony.
Here are some entries of such exactions taken from the Fine Roll of this
year (1242) and dated shortly before the king's embarkation at Ports-
mouth ^p. 65).
Pro David Cumin Rex- remisit David Cumin transfretacionem suam A,D,
cum rege in IVascon* pro xx, marcis quas regi dot ^^A^^
pro' remissione illius passagii unde rex perdonavit ei x, marcas ad m, 4.
peticionem Glascuviensis episcopi Et mandatum est vi<f Essex' et Hert-
ford^ quod lie predict! s x, marcis ipsum quieium esse permittat Ita tamen
de aliis x. marcis regi satisfaciant ad scaccariutn Salvo tamen regi
scutagio suo. Teste ut supra [i.e. rege apud Rading' xxvj, die Aprilis\ 26 April.
Pro Rad'o de Rad^s de Carney s'^ dat domino regi x. marcas pro eo quod
Cameys possit morari in Anglia salvo regi scutagio suo Et m. 3.
mandatum est vicecomiti Norf quod eum ad transfretan-
dum non cUstringat, Teste ut supra [i.e. rege apud Winton^ xxx,die 30 April.
Aprilis\
Pro Hugone de Eodem modo- scribitur vicecomiti Und pro Hugone cU
Neviir Neviir qui dat v. marcas pro eodem salvo etc.
Pro Roberto de Robertus^ de Everingham fine m fecit cum rege per quin-
Everingham quaginta marcas ut quietus sit hoc vice de transfretando
cum rege in IVasconiam et pro habendo scutagio suo de
feodis militum que de rege tenet in capite Et mandatum est vicecomitibus m, 3.
NorJCf Ebor* et Line' Leic' et Notingham quod predictum Robertum non
distringant occasione predicte transfretcu:ionis et habere faciani predicto
Roberto predictum scutagium in quindena Sancti Michaelis scilicet de
scuto iij, marcas pro excercitu regis contra transfretacionem suam in
IVasconiam anno etc, xxvj. Teste ut supra [i.e. rege apud MerewelP 4 May.
iiij, die Mail],
' The names of those only who had (by this roll) scutage allowed in
Lancashire are here extracted. The foregoing entry ^ Peter of Sai'oy)
shows the extended form which applies to those following.
* Fine Roll (38) 26 Hen. IIL part i.
Il8 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
A, D. Pro Thoma de Mandatum * est vicecomiti IJn<^ quod ciccepta securitate
1242. GresP a Thoma de Gresleye de C. marcis per quas finetn fecit
m, 2. cum rege pro scutagia et passagio suo etdem Thome
scutagium suum tie feodis miiitum etc.
Pro Com' Warr* Thomas * comes Warr^ finem fecit cum rege per sexcies
XX, libras pro scut agio suo et pro relaxacione passagii
sui in Wdscohf Et mandatum est vid Warr' et Lei(f quod accepta
securitate a predicto comite de predictis sexcies xx, libris ei reddendis
scutagium suum ei habere faciat etc. Teste ut supra [i.e. rege a/md
5 May. Portesm' v, die AfaiJ],
Pro Gilb'to de Gilbertus de Gaunt^ finem Jecit cufn rege pro eodemper
Gaunt ducentas marcas Et mandatum est vicecomitibus Berk^
Norhatnpton^ Line* Ebot^ Notingham et Dereby et Oxon^
quod scutagium suum ei habere faciant. Teste ut supra.
The burthen of proving service in his amiy was thrown upon the
king's tenant. Distraint for scutage was made long after the particular
campaign, for which it was required, had ended ; and the heirs of
persons who had been liable at some antecedent period were called upon
to show the due. discharge of their antecessors. This was done by
inspecting the rolls of the Marshalsey of the army, or by producing the
king's acquittance by writ. The course of inquiry is exemplified by the
following records : —
Pro Galfrido Rex thesaurario et baronibus suis de Scaccario salutetn
de CaunvilP Quia dilectus et fidelis noster Galfridus de CaunvilV
asseruit coram nobis quod licet fuerit nobiscum per pre-
ceptum nostrum in excercitu nostro Waliie anno regni nostri decimo in
comitiva WilVi de Valencia avunculi nostri defuncti pro senncio suo
nobis debito in excercitu predicto de feodis militum que dc nobis tenet
Scutage in capite vos tamen pro scutagio nobis reddendo de eodem excercitu
10 Edw. !• graviter distringi facitis in ipsius dispendium manifestum vobis man-
damus quod si per inspeccionem rotulorum dicti WilVmi vobis ad
Scaccarium predictum de nominibus ipsorum qui fuerunt in comitiva
ejusdem WillH per preceptum nostrum in excercitu predicto ut dicitur
iiberatorum vobis constiterit prefatum Galfridum nobis fecisse servicium
suum in comitiva predicta ut predictum est tunc districcionem ei per
vos pro scutagio predicto fact am relaxari facialis et ipsum de scutagio
illo quietum esse facialis Alioquin inquisita super hoc pienius veriiaie
de eo quod inde inveneritis nobis sub sigillo dicti Scaccarii distincle et
aperte sine dilacione constare facialis remittentes nobis hoc bre^'e et
13 May districcionem predict am facialis interim relaxari. Teste rege apud
1297. Honetoti xiij, die Maij, [Close Roll (119), 25 Edw. I. m. 18.]
» Fine Roll (38) 26 Hen, III, part i.
HENRY THE THIRD. I IQ
Pro WilPmo filio Rex thesaurario etc. Quia Radulphus Russel de-
Rad'i Russel functus qui de nobis tenuit in capite habuit servicium Scutage
suum nobiscum per preceptum nostrum in excercitu 5 Edw. I.
nostro Wallie anno'regni nostri quinto pro feodo unius militis quod
tunc pro medietate baronie de Novo MerccUo nobis recognovit sicut per
inspeccionem rotulorum Marescalcie nostre de eodem excercitu nobis
constat vobis mandamus quod demandam quam WilVmo Russel filio et
heredi predicti RadH fieri facitis per summonicionem scaccarii nostri
predicti pro scutagia ad opus nostrum de excercitu predicto relaxari
et ipsum inde quietum esse faciatis. Teste rege apud Novum Castrum
super Tynam xxiij. die Novembris, [Close Roll {i2i\ 27 Edw, I. 1208.
m, 20.]
Bar* pro Adam de Quia Adam de Everyngham defunctus finem fecit
Everingham cum rege in excercitu suo Wallie anno regni sui Scutage
quinto pro servicio duorum feodorum mill turn et 5 Edw. I.
dimidio quod tunc regi recognovit sicut per inspeccionem rotulorum
Marescalcie de eodem excercitu regi constat mandat baronibus quod
Adam de Everingham nepotem et heredem predicti Ade de scutagio
quod ab eo exigi faciant ad opus regis per summoniciem scaccarii
predicti pro excercitu regis predicto quietum esse faciant. Teste rege 23 May
apud Kenyngtot^ xxiij, die Mali anno xxxiij, '3°^'
Baron' pro Quia Robertus de Everyngham defunctus finem fecit cum
eodem rege in excercitu suo Wallie anno regni sui decimo pro Scutage
servicio duorum feodorum militum et dimidio quod tunc 10 Edw. I.
regi recognovit sicut per inspeccionem rotulorum Marescalcie regis de
eodem excercitu regi constat mandat baronibus quod Adam de Everyng-
ham filium et heredem predicti Roberti de scutagio quod ab eo exigi
faciant ad opus regis per sum* scaccarii predicti pro excercitu predicto 23 May
quietum esse facicmt. Teste rege ut supra. '3^5
[Memoranda (Z. TR,\ 32 & 33 Edw. I. Ro. 40 dorso.]
The performance of military service was also attested under the hand
and seal of the commander or captain-general, and then such certificate
was sent to the Exchequer for inrolment ; as may be seen in the case
here following of John le Rous^ the fulfilment of whose service was
made known by Aymer de Valence and Robert fitz Payn : —
Baronibus pro Edward par la grace de Dieu etc, au Tresorier e as
Joh'e le Rous Barons del Escheqier salutz Nous vous envoioms sous
nostre prive seal unes lettres overtes scales des seaux
noz foials e loials Aymer de Valence nostre chier Cosyn e Roberd le fits
Payeng* testmoignantz qe Johan le Rous ad fait pleignement son ser-
vise qil nous devoit por une sergantie sicome mesme les lettres pleigne-
ment purportent Par quel nous vous mandoms qe vous fades le dit
servise enrouller e alower ai dit Escheqier issuit qe le dit Johan ne soil
espechiez negrevez en nule maniere par cele encheson, Doti souz nostre 22 July
prive seal a Estrivelyn le xxij. four dejuyl Ian de nostre regne xxxij. *304«
I30 • LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Lctre patent Eymer de Valence seigmur de Muntynnack* e Roberd
Mons' Eymer fils Pay ft an Conestabie e ati Mareschal e au Gardein
de Valence de la garderobe uostre seigri' Ic Rot salutz Come nostre
seigneur Ic Rot notis ad assigne a receyvre les serviscs
de bones gents demorantz ou nous sunies vous fesoms a savoir qe Johan
le Rous profri son scrvise dcvant nous pur une scrjantie par son corps
quel servise il ad pleignetnent fait e fourni par quel nous prioms qe al
dit Johan faciez pleine aquitctunce e alowaunce Enquele tesmoignance
nous It €n>oms fait avoir nos leitres overtees ensealees de nos seaux.
[Afemoranda {L,T.R.)y 32 & 33 Ediv. I. Ro. 40 dorso.]
ScuTAGE OF Knights of the Honour of Lancaster
By the fact, that of the Honour of Lancaster were held knights'
fees in several counties, a plausible excuse is afforded for omitting to
notice scutage so intermingled ; but, although not strictly confined to
Lancashire,' the returns made under this head are none the less useful
for showing the manner in which scutages were from time to time
answered by the sheriff, and the gradual process whereby that officer
cleared his account at the Exchequer. Toward this end the Great
Rolls for a few years of this reign, beginning with the earliest extant —
that for the first year is wanting — are here used. And, as in the first
remaining roll, i.e. Pipe Roll^ 2 Hen. III., mention is made of a " Scutage
of Poitou," some explanation is necessary, because this evidently belongs
to the former reign, and must precede in date (what is called) the " First
.Scutage " of Henry the Third. The accepted authority upon early
scutages is the Red Rook of the Exchequer^ and there it is stated ; that
the eleventh scutage of Vxvi'gjohn is found in the sixteenth roll of his
reign ; that it was assessed at three marks (or 40J.) for the army of
Poitou, but could not be imposed {itnfionf) upon the prelates or barons,
because nearly all the barons had revolted from their allegiance and,
after the capture of London and other cities, had submitted to Louis the
dauphin of France who had come into England by their express in-
vitation. This is a fair version of the passage, and in this sense it was
understood by Mr. Hunter.'^ These are the words of the original : —
** Undecimum ejusdem regis scutagmm annotatum reperies in rotulo
regis ejusdem xvj"' fuitque assisum ad iij marcas pro excercitu Pictavie
• For the names of persons holding knights' fees in Lancashire during
this reign, see the printed volume, "Testa de Nevill" (1807, fol.),
p, 396 et seq.
2 He has this note : — " King John, who was always needy, made
another attempt to 'levy a scutage of three marks, for the army of
Poictou. Swereford thus speaks of it, and at the same time presents us
with the testimony of a contemporary to the place of King John's death."
He then quotes the words beginning, " Hoc scutagium," &c. [Report 0/
the Commissioners on the Public Records (Courts of Justice), ed. 1837,
A pp. 168, note {.]
HENRY THE THIRD. 121
Hoc scutagium nee prelatis nee baronibus potuit imponi eo tempore
propter illud enim divertentes se fere omnes barones a fidelitate regis
ejusdem introducto in AngI' Ludowieo primogenito regis Francorum
Pliilippi eapta Londonia submissisque sibi aliis eivitatibus eidem se
subjecerunt Sicque rex J. vitam finiens in gwerra regni sui anno xviij®,
apud Castruin de Neuwerk' diem elausit extremum sepultus apud
Wigom' in ecclesia eivitatis ejusdem eathednili." — [Red Bool' of the
Exchequer^ f. 48.]
Now, there can be no doubt whatever, that this " Scutage of Poitou "
was not only " imposed," but actually paid ; and in the very roll {16 John)
indicated by Swertford^ these payments are set down. For instance,
under ** Bukingham et Bedeford Seir' " is an item (followed by many
others) showing £fio to have been accounted for hy John de Wahull
from thirty fees ; of which amount he was pardoned £yi by the king's
writ, and paid £17 6s. 8^., thus leaving a balance due of ;^I2 13^. 4//.
Observe also in the extract hereunder made that 60 shillings were paid
by two other persons, respectively, for one knight's fee and a half.
De Scut* Pictav* ass. ad iij. marcas.
Id. vic.^ r. comp. de Ix. s. de Ric' fil' NigelH de j. f. et dim.
Et de Ix. s. dc Matild' de Bussei de j. f. et dim. In th. lib.
Et Quietus est.
Joh'es de Wahull' r. comp. dc Ix. li. de f. xxx. mil. In th.
xvij. li. et vj. s. et viij. d. Et in perdon' ipsi Joh*i xxx. li.
per breve Regis. Et deb. xij. li. et j. m.
[Pipe Ro// {60), 16 John.]
Moreover, there is a roll in existence (known as Tower, Miscellaneous
Rolls, III I,) which relates to the demands made by the king for scutage
in the same year (16 John). Witness this extract : —
Rex etc. vicecomiti Stafford* et Salop salutem Mandamus tibi quod 9 Sepi.
habeas coram nobis in crastino Nativi talis Beate Marie apud IVestm. 1214.
scutagia que debentur domino Regi^ in bcUliva tua de archiepiscopis quam
episcopis abbatibus comitibus baronibus militibus et omnibus aliis
tenentibus per servicium militare de domino Rege^ in capite et eciam de
* Alexander de Swereford archdeacon of Salop, and a baron of the
Exchequer in 21 Hen, III., is believed to have been the author of the
Red Book. According to Madox, he died in October 1246 and was
buried in the church of S. Paul, London.
- " Henricus de Braibroc ut custos reddit compotum," etc.
^ Read nobis. The Chancery clerk has copied the writ, allowing
sometimes " tibi " and " nobis " to stand, but altering the mention of
the king elsewhere into the third person.
122 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
daminicis quam excaetis et guuardis scilicet de scuto iij. »f [areas] exceptis
illis qui scutagium suum habent per breve domini Regis. Teste etc? et
Ita mandatum est singulis vice conUtibus,
Not only was this scutage paid in i6 John^ but the sheriffs con-
tinued to account for it in the following year, and then in the reign of
his successor ; as may be seen by the extracts here following : —
[Lankastr*]
Gileb* fir Reinfr' Adam filius Rogeri pro eo reddit compotum
de CCCC.H. nu'o de firma de Lankastr', de antio \annis\
xvj°. et xvij°. regni R. Joh'is In th'ro nM.
Et in terns datis WiU'o fir Walkelin' xviij. li. in Stauenebi
de predicto tempore. . Et Nigello de Gresel* ix. li. et
xij. s. in Drakelawe. Et Victori etc.
First and Milites Honoris de Lankastr' debent xxxv. li. de primo
Saitag^ scutagio assiso ad ij. m. Will' Esturmi debet xxvij. s. et
of John. x. d. de vij^ scut'
De Scut' Pictaupe] ass' ad iii. m.
Scutage Idem vie* r. comp. de C. et Ivij. li. et xij. s. et ix. d. de
p ?[ Scutagio militum honoris de Lankastr' scilicet de Ixxviij.
feodis et dim. et iiij* parte et xiiij* parte. In th' n'l. Et
in perdon* Constabulario Cestrie xxxvj. m. de xij feodis.
Et eidem Const' ix. m. de feod' bussell' per breve P. Wint'
episcopi. Et debet C. et xxvij. li. et xii. s. et ix. d.
{Pipe Roll (6 1), 17 John,']
Lancastr'
Rann' Comes Cestr* Jordanus fil. Rogeri pro eo redd. comp.
de CC. li. nu'o de firma honoris de Lancastr. In th. n*l.
Et in terris datis Rob' Salyag' cum filia et herede Will'mi
fil' Walkelin' ix. IL in Stainesby. Et Will'mo de Gresel'
iiij. li. et xvj. s. in Drakelawe. Et Victori etc.
* ^ * ^ ^
* There is a reference above in the roll to " anno r. d'ni Reg. J. xyj.**" ;
so that there can be no doubt as to the exact date, or as to the scutage
being that for Poitou assessed at three marks the fee.
HENRY THE THIRD. 123
Milites honoris de Lancastr' xxxv. li. de primo First
scutagio assiso ad ij. m. tempore R. J.^ ^To«n °^
* * * * *
Id' vie' C. et xxvij. H. et xij. s. et ix. d. de Scutagio Scutage of
militum honoris de Lancastr' de scutagio Pict'. Poitou.
* * -jt- * *
De Scutagio primo R. H. tercii ass. ad ii. m.
Id' vie' r. comp. de C. et Ivij. m. et dim. et xxij. d. de Scutagio First
mil' honoris Lancastr' scilicet de Lxxviij. f. et dim et H^j^n.
quarta parte et xiiij* parte. In th. xxviij. li. in xij. tal.'
Et deb. Lxwij. li. et xxij. d.
{Pipe Roll (62), 22 Hen. HI.]
Id' vie' 3 r. comp. de C. et xxvij. li. et xij. s. et ix. d. de scutagio Scutage of
militum honoris Lancastr' de scut' Pict'. In th. n^l. Et P°*^°"*
Nich' de Verdon' xxx. s. de iij**^ partibus j. feodi per
breve P. Wint' ep'i. Et Thom' de Muleton' ij. m. de
jjbua partibus j» feodi per breve ejusdem. Et Eust' de
Morit' vj. li. de iij*»« feodis Rann' de Mereseia per breve
ejusdem. Et deb. C. et xviij. li. et xvj. s. et j. d.
•Jt- -K- ♦ * *
De primo scutagio.
Id* vie' r. comp. de Lxxvij. li. et xxij. d. de eodem honore First
Lancastr'. In th. vij. li. et dim. m. Et deb. Lxix. li. et he^III.
XV. s. et ij. d.
* * * * , *
De Tall[agio] Maneriorum.*
Villat' de Lancastr* deb. C. s. de eodem. Tallage.
Villat' de Preston' deb. x. m. de eodem.
Villat' de Liverpol deb. dim. m. de eodem.
Villat' de Skerton' deb. j. m. de eodem.
Villat* de Vuuerton' deb. xx. s. de eodem.
Villat* de Schine deb. ij. m. de eodem.
^ This item, repeated in subsequent rolls, is discontinued in that
{li"* 67) {or 7 Hen. III.
^ The Roll of the first year is missing ; but it is seen that the sum
(j^ 1 27 125. gd,) brought forward from the Pipe Roll, 1 7 /ohn^ is unaltered. \
' Rannulfus comes Cestrie Jordanus filius Rogeri pro eo.
* This is the account referred to above (p. 109) under " Tallage."
124 r.ANCASHlRE LAY SUDSIDIKS
Villat' de Singelton' deb. xx. s. de eodem.
Villat' de Riggeby ' deb. dim. m. de eodem.
Villat' de Crosseby deb. v. m. de eodem.
Villat' de Dereby deb. 7 m. de eodem.
Villat' de Salford deb. xx. s. de eodem.
Villat' de Brocton' Alan' de
Singelton deb. xl. s. de eodem.
Westrenses Warin' Banastr' deb. xv. m. de eodem.
Cadvvaleset' dim. m. dc eodem.
[Pipe Roll (6s), 3 Beii. III.]
Id' vie* deb. C. et xviij. li. et xvj. s. et j. d. dc scutagio militum
Scutage of honoris Lancastr' de scut' Pict' de quibus vie. respondet
infra de x. li. receptis per Giileb' Cusin. Et deb. C. et
viij. li. et xvj. s. et j. d. Sed respondet infra.
Poitou.
First
Id' vie. r. comp. de Lxix. li. et xv. s. et ii. d. de honore dc
Scutage of Lancastr' de primo scutagio R. hujus. In th. xvj. H. Et
IlEN. III. jeb. Liij. li. et xv. s. et ij. d.
Id' vie. r. comp. de C. et viij. li. et xvj. s. et j. d. de scut' Pict'
.^cutage of honoris de Lane' sicut supra continetur. In th. n'l. Et
^'''^'^' in perdon' Will'o de Basoch' xx. s. de dim. f. per breve P.
ep*i Wint' Et deb. C. et vij. li. et xvj. s. et j. d.
[Pipe Roll (64), 4 Hen, II I.
Fin.1 Idem vic.^ Liij. li. et xv. s. et ij. d. de honore dc Lan-
liEif^lll^ castr* de primo scutagio R. hujus.
Idem vie. r. comp. de C. et vij. li. et xvj. s. et j. d. de scut'
Poium.^ Pict' honoris de Lancastr'.
* -Jt- ^ ^ *
Mich' de Carleton' r. comp. de x. m. pro habend' gracia et
benevolencia Regis de transgressione quod duxit in
uxorem sine licencia Regis Marg' filiam et heredem Will'i
de Winewic que erat de donacione Regis. In th. lib.
Et quietus est.
De Scutagio de Biham assiso ad x. s.
Idem vie. xxxix. li. et vij. s. et vj. d. dc fcodis ejusdem
Scutage of honoris scilicet de Lxxviij. fcodis et dim. ct iiij^" parte y.
B»^^"^ fcodi. [Pipe Roll (6S), 5 Hen. III.]
• Rannulfus comes Cestrie Jordanus filius Rogeri pro- eo.
HENRY THE THIRD. 1 25
Idem vic*^ r. comp. de C. et vij. H. et xvj. s. et j. d. de Scut' Scutage of
Pict* de honorq de Dancastr*. In th. xl. s. per Rogerum P^*^^"-
de Monte Begonis. Et Ixxvj. s. per Rob' Greslei. Et
deb. C. et ij. li. et j. d.
Idem vie. Liij. H. et xv. s. et ij. d. de primo scutagio R. F»«t
• . J J • Scutage of
hujus de eodem honore. Hen. Hi.
* ♦ * -x- *
Idem vie. debet xxxix. li. et vij. s. et vj. d. de feodis honoris Scutage of
de Lancastr* de Scutagio de Biham. Sed non debet
summoneri quia testatum est quod omnes milites et libere
tenentes ejusdem honoris fuenint in exercitu sicut con-
tinetur in brevi Regis quod est in forulo Marescall'.
Et ideo quietus est.
[Pipe RoU {66\ 6 Hen, III.]
Idem vic.^ C. et ij. li. et j. de d. scut' Pict' de Scutage 01
honore de Lancastr*.
* * ♦ ♦ ♦
Idem VIC. Liij. li. et xv. s. et ij. d. de primo scut' First
R. de eodem honore. u^^m
[Pipe Roll (67), 7 Hen. III.]
Rannulfus Comes Cestr* Jordanus clericus fil* Rogeri pro eo
redd, comp, etc. de iiij* parte anni preteriti In th. nich'.
Et in terris dat' Rob' Salvag' etc,
*****
Will'mus Comes de Ferrar' Rob' de Munjai ut custos pro co
r. comp. etc de tribus partibus anni preteriti Et de etc. dc
hoc anno. In th. xliiij. li. et vij. d.
*****
Idem vie r. comp. de C. et ij. li. et j. d. de scut' Pict' dc Scutagc of
honore de Lancastr' In th. xl. s. per Will'm Pincernam '*"»**^"-
Et xl. s. per Rogerum de Monbegon' Et xx. s. per Rob*
de Gresley de dimidio feodo Abbatis de Stanlawe. Et
deb. vie. quater xx. et xvij. li. et j. d.
Id' vie. Liij. li. et xv. s. et ij. d. de primo scutagio First
R. de eodem honore. Hknmil
* * * * *
* RaiimiUus comes Cestrie Jordanus filius Rogeri pro eo.
Mont-
gomery.
126 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
De Scutagio de Mungumeri assiso ad ij. m.
Id' vie. r. comp. de vj. m. de Wiiro Pincerna de eodem de iij.
Scutage of f. in Werinton* et Latton' infra Lunam Et de ij. m.
de Turstano Banastre de eodem de j. f. in Makeresfelde
ibidem Et de iiij. m. de Rogero fil' Rann' de eodem de
ij. f. in Gamelestone in Notingehamsir* Et de ij. m. de
eodem R. de j. f. in Flet in Lincolnesir* Et de j. m. de
Galfr' Carbonel de dim. feod. in Riby in Lincolnesir* Et
de ij. m. de Hug' Malet de j. feod. in Grigestorp ibidem
Et de j. m. de Advocato Betun' de dim. feod. in Boby
ibidem Et de dim. m. de heredibus Ric'i fil* Rogeri de
iiij* parte j. f. in Kelg^meserghe et Birstad' brinning*
infra Lunam Et de j. m. de Adam de Molineus de
dim. f in Sefton' ibidem. In th. lib.^ Et Quietus est
\Pipe Roll (69), 9 Hen, III.
These extracts suffice to show how tardy was the process of getting
the receipts from scutage paid into the Treasury ; and they serve also to
indicate the kind of information to be derived from these rolls under this
head. The Honour of Lancaster contained, as stated above (pp. 122, 123)
in the Pipe-rolls of 17 fohn and 2 Hen. IIL, seventy-eight knights' fees
and a half, a fourth part, and a fourteenth part of one fee. In the
County of Lancaster the number of knights' fees was twenty-nine and
a half, plus some odd parts ; as appears by the estreats of knights' fees
in 31 Edw, L for marrying the king's eldest daughter (130/3), and again
in 30 Edw, IIL for knighting the king's eldest son (130/16). The money
equivalent, reckoned at forty shillings upon every knight's fee, was
very nearly the same, namely ; j£59 loy. 6</. in the former case, and
;£59 10^. 4</. in the latter.
Aid
Under the feudal system three principal aids were due, as of right, to
the king from all persons who held of him in capite^ namely : —
1. To ransom his person, when taken prisoner in war ;
2. To make his eldest son a knight ;
3. To marry his eldest daughter.
These are enumerated and particularly excepted in Art. 12 (p. 3) of
John^s Great Charter, by which it was provided : —
" No scutage or aid shall be laid in our kingdom, except by the
general council of our realm, save to ransom our person, to make our
eldest son a knight, and to marry our eldest daughter once ; and for this
there shall not be made other than a reasonable aid."
* In the following item mention is made of fees held in the counties of
Lincoln, Nottingham, York, Leicester, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex.
HENRY THE THIRD, 12/
Three such aids were tak^n by Henry during his reign, viz.: — a.D,
1. Aid (2 marks) for marrying the king's sister Isabel to the emperor 1235.
(p. 61, note i) ;
2. Aid (2ar.) for marrying the king's eldest daughter to Alexander, 1245.
king of Scotland (pp. 76, 80 n.) ;
3. Aid (4ar.) for knighting the king's eldest son (p. 87). 1253.
In like manner other lords were entitled to have aid from their own
free tenants for the same three purposes. John Smyth of Nibley has
recorded* two aids which were had of their tenants by the barons of
Berkeley, In the battle of Bannockbum (24 June 13 14) Thomas lord
Berkeley with Thomas his son was taken prisoner, and the tenants of
the barony were called upon to pay towards the ransom demanded.
Thus — but Smyth shall tell the story in his own inimitable way (i. 183) : —
"This lord Thomas thus a prisoner, (whom Hollingshead by an other
mistake calleth Maurice,) procureth the redemption of his sonne Thomas
And dispatcheth him into Gloucestershire and other places for raysing
of money for his owne redemption which hee soe effectually labored,
(this Lords Tenants by theire benevolence aydinge therevnto,) That in
the yeare followinge hee came to Berwike, where hee found the Lord
Maurice his eldest sonne newly placed governor ; And after to Berkeley
Castle ; towards whose redemption, his Copyholders in Portbury gave a
benevolence of xxiiij". xij".. iiij'*."
" Neither did hee afterwards neglect the redemption of such of his
meniall knights and Esquires as were taken prisoners with him, all whose
freedomes hee procured within three yeares after."
In 1 61 2, an Aid was also had which is thus described by Smyth
(ii. 332) :—
" And thus ended that trita et vexato questio, that old intricate and
perplexed title, as it was usually in all Courts called, that had continued
the space of 192 . years from the ^^\ of king Henry the fifth to the
seaventh of king James, between the heires generall and the heirs males
of this noble family ; wherein . . .
*' Not longe after, this lord, (partly the better to pay the said com-
position money to the lord Lisle, and partly to pursue the presidents of
his Ancestors, then shewed to him,) had a benevolence from all his
tenants, whether holding by Copy of Court roll, or by Indenture: And
also Aid pur faire fitz chivaler, according to the Statutes of . 3 . E . i
and . 25 . E. 3. from all his ft'eeholders, whether holding by knights
service or in socage, whereby the sum of— 700*'. and upwards was raised.
And for any thing I perceived, (being a Commissioner in both the
services,) willingly paid."
The word aid {auxilium) became so comprehensive as to include
any payment whatsoever made in support of the king's estate, at home
* Lives of the Berkeley s. Edited by Sxxjohn Maclean, F.S.A. etc. for
the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, 1883, 2 vols. 4to.
128 LAX'JA-HI&E LAY SUSSIDIES
or abroad. Very axsuDOBJj k was xi a^ i rfariie aame Bar scnCagey
as, for gximpir, in these nutances: — *awi» H^ermliUr cmmcessermmi
a ujuEnui Ai^ scSicet de simgmiiM ftmdii miliimm fmadn^imia rwiidu^
Pa/, R, 15 Hem. III. ac 3 : aad. "^ cmacxaermmi mt4is efUmi
. . 4fu^ hateamms Jd sit^mlu /ai£s mnhimm . . Awf
anxifiizm ^edicimwi mMs fMLzemdmm ^Cl^si R, 19 Hau 1 1 L «c 6 dorsoX
Hence, instead of what was before snggcssed opder * Tallage ^ (p, 107X
h may be that tbe seoood aid lenmds MLxilif^ diere mentioned was
reaDj a scuiage : for these levies in RLkirSs reign are e ntq e d in tbe
Fipe-foDs bf nombers : as. First, Second. TTurd and Foortfa Scntages.'
The terms, foond in various i c c or ds relating to laiation. were not so
loosely osed as at first sight might appear : for each word had its par-
ticular application. The king affected to regard the grant as spontaneous,
and frequently called it a gift tL*mmm : it was made as an assistance
(auxilittm) to the rereline of the Crown ; it was a tax {JalJiiffiMmY on die
commonalty who had no dioice bat to pay the quota thmst upon them
by consent of their overlords ; and, beade and beyond any or all of
these, it had its own generic titiei
Carucace
Carucage, or Carnage, was a tribate imposed on every plough for the
pablic service. Such is the stereotyped definition printed for more than
1 70 years in Law Dictionaries f and it is usually supported by a quota-
tion (but omitting the words primed below in italics) from the history
by Afa/tknu Paris who, in writinj; of tbe carucage assessed in the year
1224, uses these words : — " Regi ^'^m firo magnis iahoribus* suis ex-
fiensis tarn a prelaiis quam a laids concessum est per totam An^am
carucagium de qualibet canica duo solidi argenti.~ ^Chronica ^fajora
ftA. Luard), iii. 88.]
Of the earlier carucage of 1220 Paris says nothing ; or rather, it
would be more correct to say that he adds* nothing to ll'endaver*s
' Sec Pipe Rolls: 2 Ric. I. for the First Scutage '\os, the fee) ;
6 Ric, I. for the Second Scutage (2ar.\- and 8 Ric. I. for the Third (20J.^
and Fourth {20s.) Scutages. \^Red Book of the Exchequer^ f. 48.]
* Observe the term talla^ium applied to carucage in the annals of
two monasteries cited below (p. 129).
* See A Laiv- Dictionary and Glossary, &c. by T/io. Blount of the
Inner Temple, P2sq. The Third Edition. In the Savoy | London], 1717,
folio.
* In the siege of Bedford castle which was taken in August 1224.
* See note 4, page 18, on the joint work of these two writers.
Dr. Stuhbs /'now bishop of Oxford) says (I'reface, Ixxxii. to W'tdter of
Coif entry) :— " I am perfectly satisfied of both the good faith and the
credibility of Matthew Paris's history. He is not the interpolator, as he
has l>een sometimes called, of Roger of Wendover, but his interpreter."
HENRY THE THIRD 120
history, from which latter the fact that such a tax was ever laid could
not be even surmised. Certain monastic annals, however, supply the
omission with the following details : —
MCCxx.
"Henricus rex etc. Item factum est tallagium per totam Angliam
scilicet de caruca duos solidos," \Ann, Mon. (Winton.) ii. 83.]
"Accepit [Henricus III.] etiam tallagium per Angliam de singulis
carucis ii. sol." \Ann, Mon, (Waverl.) ii. 293.]
"Eodem anno mense Septembri positum est Caruagium per totum
regnum ad opus domini regis a quo archiepiscopi et episcopi et omnes
clerici et omnes viri religiosi et corum rustic! quieti fuerunt Verumpta-
men episcopi per suas dioceses collegerunt auxilium ad opus domini
regis ab abbatibus et prioribus per liberam voluntatem eorum et tunc
domus de DunstapP solvit tres marcas." \Ann, Mon, (Dunstapl.) iii. 60.]
There can be (I think) no doubt that these two* carucages — of which
two only are returns found in this reign — were laid upon the plough.
At least, none of the Annals yisX. quoted — the rest are altogether silent —
makes mention of land. They all employ the word caruca^ or plough ;
and the public records, without a single exception, do the same. What,
then, was the caruca ? Mr. Seebohm says :' — " the construction of the
word involves not 4 yoke of oxen, but 4 oxen yoked abreast, as are the
horses in the caruca so often seen upon Roman coins. And the Statt's-
Heal Account [of Scotland] informs us that in some districts of Scotland
in former times *the ploughs were drawn by 4 oxen or horses yoked
* abreast : one trod constantly upon the tilled surface, another went in
* the furrow, and two upon the stubble or v/hite land. The driver*
' walked backwards holding his cattle by halters, and taking care that
' each beast had its equal share in the draught. This, though it looked
' awkward, was contended to be the only mode of yoking by which
* 4 animals could best be compelled to exert all their strength.' "
Hence the word caruca is very generally admitted to mean a plough-
team when used in Domesday, and a team of most commonly eight oxen.
The number would be increased when the beasts tilled heavier lands, and
sometimes with horses yoked in aid of the oxen.
While frankly owning to a very slender knowledge of Domesday— your
Reviewer only is omniscient — I may yet venture so far as to say, that
* A tax was assessed in the first year (12 17), and called by varying
names, as : " carnage or hidage," " hidage and caruage," '* hidage,'*
" hidage, caruage and aid," " carucage and hidage." Some reference to
this is made on a later page (144).
' The English Village Community (third edition), p. 63. London,
1884, 8vo.
^ As illustrating this method, see (p. 143) the record of a misadven-
ture, by which the firont man, or " driver," was killed, being borne down
by the animals and crushed to death.
K
I30 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
the (so-called) explanations of the areal measures which are used in the
Great Survey of the year 1086 are discordant and unsatisfactory. A
*' carucate " is said to be as much land as may be tilled with one plough
in a year, varying in acreage according to the nature of the soil, and
according to the strength and number of the ox-team. Yet carucaia
terra may, it is also said, contain houses, mills, pasture, meadow,
wood, &c.* So lord Coke? who writes : — " And one plowland, carucata
terrcSy or a hide of land, hida terrce^ (which is all one) is not of any
certain content, but as much as a plow can by course of husbandry
plough in a ycare. And therewith agreeth Lambard verba Hide, And
a plowland m^y contain a messuage, wood, meadow, and pasture,
because by them the plowmen and the cattell belonging to the plow are
maintained. . . And Prisot well saith in 35 H. 6. fol. 29, that a plow
may till more land in a yeare in one country than in another ; and there-
fore it stands with reason, that a plowland should be lesse in one place
than in another." [Section 95] And further — " For as caruccUa terra^
a ploughland, may containe houses, milles, pasture, medow, wood, &c.y
as pertaining to the plough ; so under the service of the plough, all
services of tillage or husbandry are included." [Section 1 19]
That the carucate had a definite meaning as to area, and was
capable, locally, at all events — however much it might vary in different
counties— of exact measurement, is manifest. An instructive case
lies close at hand. King John had given to Margaret^ or Margery^
wife of Walter de Lascy^ three carucates of land in the forest of Acorn-
bury, near Hereford ; and, after his father's death, Henryy desiring to
confirm to her the same three carucates, neither more nor less, ordered
the land in question to be carefully measured. Precise instructions were
given that any deficiency was to be made up, and any excess beyond
the three carucates to be retained in the king's hand. Each carucate
was to contain six-score acres, by the perch of twenty-four feet ' {carru-
catam scilicet de vj" acris terre per perticam nostram xxiiij^ pedum ad
pedem palme). This direction was accordingly carried out sometime
between the 24th of July and the 25th of August in the year 12 18, in
presence of John Mar eschcd^ accompanied by the sheriffs oi Herefordshire
and Gloucestershire with knights of each county, and aided by foresters,
verderers and others. At the latter date (25 PiMg,)John Mareschal was
ordered to allow the nuns of Combury* (here Comebir^) to have in peace
> NOMO-AESIKON: A Law- Dictionary . . . by Thomas Blount
of the Inner Temple, Esq. In the Savoy (London), 1670, folio.
' Coke (Sir Edward)— F/>j/ Part of the Institutes^ &c., or a Com-
mentary upon Littletony 18 edit. 1823, vol. i.
- Close Roll, 2 Hen. III. ;w. 8 ; Rot, Litt. Claus, i. 366 b.
* See Tanner's A^A-V/Vi J/^«<w//V<i (ed. 1787)— "Herefordshire ii.*»
Acombury, or Corabury.
HENRY THE THIRD
131
dot land, wbicli king John granted to the before mentioned Margaret
(or Margery) de Lascy, for constructing tliere a religious house within
such limits and bounds as had been lately measured.'
Mr. Eyton says' (p. 2z) — ^" In Lincolnshire and other northern dis-
tricts, the carucale was strictly analogous to the hide of the south ;
nay, in the Lincolnshire Domesday the carucate is used as the principal
G held- measure, and the hide is never mentioned." Again' (p. 13):—
"and Domesdayitself indicates that the word carucate implied much the
same thing as the hide, only that, not having been converted into a hide
or made geldable it remained in name a carucate." His " own impres-
sion' (p. 17) is that the term, 'carucata,' was introduced by the Normans,
and that they intended thereby an estate which, in point of value and
capacity, was closely analogous to the Saxon hide."
Endeavouring to fit this description to that part of Lancashire
detailed in the Survey as lying between Ribble and Mersey,' instant
difficulty arises. Carucates here seem tn be constituent parts of a
greater measure, the hide. Indeed, we are distinctly told, under
" DerbEI Hvndret," thai in every hide ihere are six carucates of land
— In unaquaque hida sunt vi. cariuatip terra. Again, the record goes
on (three lines lower) as to Nf.weton Hundred— " In king AVicarrf's
lime there were five bides in Ncweton. Of these one was in demesne,
the church of the same manor had one carucate of land, and Saint
Oswald of the same town had two carucates of land quit of everything.
The remaining landof this manor was held by ismen, called 'drenchs,'
for as many manors which were berewicks of the chief manor ; and
between them all they paid in rent thirty shilhngs," Next, in Walintvne
Hundred—" King AVa'un/ held Walintune with three berewicks. One
hide there. To the same manor appertained thirty-four drenges, and
they hod as many manors ; in which were 41 carucates of land, and one
hide and a half. Saint Elfin held one carucate of land quit of all
custom save geld. The whole manor with hundred yielded to the king
of farm Afteen pounds less two shillings. There are now two carucates
in demesne, and eight men with one plough." ' Moreover, there is one
item at least (270, col. ij, in which the term 'carucate' is not restricted
to arable land (as we are universally taught by the learned exponents of
Domesday), but applied \q waste. Thus in Salford Hundred — "King
Edward held Salford. Three hides Ihere and 12 carucates of waste
land ; and forest, three leagues long and as many wide," &c. The
meaning may be, that the breadth formerly tilled had been devastated ;
' Jfof. Litt Claus. j. 355 a, 366 b, 368 b.
= A Key to Domesday . , . exemplified by an Analysis and Digest of
tht Dorset Survey. By the Rev. R. IF. Eyton, M.A-, London. 1878, 4to.
• " Inter Ripam et Mcrsham." Domesday (folio), leaf 269 b. col 2.
' Not one ' carucate '; as by the translation given in Baines's /history
^^Lancas/iire (ed. Harland), 1. 15.
K 3
132 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
in which case one would look for the description,* '* terra vastata," or
" terra inculta"; whereas the sentence runs : — " Rex E. tenuit Salford^
Ibi. iii. hidae et. xii. caruc[atae] terra wastce, et foresta" etc^
But enough. From Domesday and its unexplained, ii not unex*
plainable, difficulties touching the content of the carucate as a taxable
area, it is a comfort to pass to the consideration of Carucage, as levied
during the reign of Henry the third — with which only, after all, I have
any direct concern — and as described in precise and positive terms by
the king himself, when he announced to the sheriffs the gift (donum)
graciously made to him by consent of a general council towaids the
relief of his immediate necessities.
For his great need and the urgency of his debts, and also for pre-
servation of Poitou, a general council granted to the king the levy of two
shillings on every plough, as it had been yoked on the morrow of Mid-
summer-day (25 June) 1220. Thereupon he issued his writ, directed to
all the sheriffs in England, and bearing date at Oxford the ninth day of
August in that year. The money was to be collected by the sheriff of
any county, accompanied by two knights who were to be chosen in fiili
county-court, and then to see to its immediate assessment and collection ;
so that the amount forthcoming might be in London on the morrow of
Michaelmas-day following (30 Sept 1220), ready for deposit in the New
Temple, until provision should be made for its further disposal. Now,
if there is any virtue in words, nothing can be clearer than those here
used. No verbal quibbling can twist caruca into anything but "plough;"
and, when it is immediately followed by the words, sicut juncta fuit —
" as it was yoked " — the combination distinctly denotes the agricultural
instrument complete, with its normal team of oxen, and proper com-
plement of men. Suppose the attempt were made to apply the expression
to /a«^, how can land be said to be "joined" on the morrow of Mid-
summer-day ? But the term " yoked*' is a natural and proper description,
when employed in relation to a plough. There is ample evidence
afforded concerning this particular tax by contemporary documents, all
supporting, one the other, all united in telling one plain, intelligible story
from first to last.
I begin with the text of the king's writ, the purport of which has been
already given in abstract. Then follow transcripts of returns that were
actually made at the time to the Exchequer, and yet remain on record
there, accompanied by extracts, showing the final audit and discharge of
the accounts rendered by the assessors and collectors of carucage in
certain counties.
Rex vicecomiti NorhamV salutem Scias quod pro magna necessitate
nostra et urgentisstma debitorum nostrorum instancia necnon et pro
* Compare, for example, the following : — " et tres carucate terre que
jacent frisce si essent culte ix. \i.e, nona] val. xxx. s." \Exch. Lay Sub^
sidies (Yorkshire, N. R.), 211/14.]
HENRY THE THIRD 1 33
cofiservacione terre nostre Pictcevie concesserunt nobis sui gracia com-
pnuniter omnes magnates etfideles tocius regni nostri donum nobis facien-
dum scilicet de qualibet caruca sicut junctafuit in crastino Beati Johannis
Baptiste proximo preterito anno regni nostri quarto duos solidos per
manum tuam et duorum de legalioribus militibus comitatus tui colligendos
qui de voluntate et consilio omnium de comitatu in pieno comitatu
eligentur ad hoc faciendum Et ideo tibi precipimus firmiter et districte
injungentes quatinus convoccUo comitatu tuo pleno de voluntate et consilio
eorum de comitatu eligi facias duos de legalioribus militibus tocius comi-
tatus qui melius sciant velint et possint huic negocio ad commodum
n0strum intendere et illis tecum ctssumptis statim donum illudper totam
bail Ham tuam facias assideri etcolligi de singulis carucis sicut predictum
est exceptis dominicis archiepiscoporum episcoporum et rusticorum suorum
et exceptis dominicis ordinis Cisterc^ et de Premustr^ Et videas quod
distincte et aperte scias nobis respondere in crastino Sancti Michculis
proximo instantis apud Lond* quot fuerint in baillia tua caruce de
quibus donum illud habere debeamus et denarios inde provenientes per
manus predictorum duorum militum et tuam salvo colligi facias et illos
facias venire usque Lond precUcto die sub sigillo tuo et sigillis predictorum
duorum militum et in domo Novi Templi salvo reponi donee provisum
fuerit quid inde fieri debeat Et tu sicut te ipsum et omnia tua diligis sic
inde te intromittas ne occasione malefacte inquisicionis et collectionis per
te et predictos milites facte oporteat nos postea districtam facere inqui-
sicionem perfideles a curia nostra missos ad gravem confusionem tuam et .
illorum qui tecum interfuerint predicte inquisicioni et collectioni faciende. 1220.
Teste ut supra [i.e. H, etc, apud Oxon, ix. die Augtisti],
Eodem modo scribitur omnibus vicecomitibus Angiie.
[Close Roll} 4 H^n. \\\.m, 5 dorse]
The exceptions named in the foregoing were by a subsequent writ
(7 Sept. 1220) made to include the demesnes and villains of abbots,
priors, and other religious men of what order soever, in the terms here-
after following* : —
Rex vicecomiti Sussex* salutem Dedimus tibi in n^andatis per iitieras
nostras quod assumptis tecum duobus de legaliQribus et discrecioribus
militibus comitatus tui electis de voluntate et assensu omnium de comitatu
tuo et in pleno comitatu assideri faceres et colligi caruagiuqi de singulis
carucis sicut juncte fiierunt in crastino Sancti Johannis Baptiste proximo
preterito anno etc. iiij*® scilicet de qualibet caruca ij. solidos exceptis
dominicis archiepiscoporum episcoporum et rusticorum suorum et exceptis
* In spite of the exceptions here made, it is certain that money was
received from religious persons. See Testa de Nevilly 132, and Exch,
Lay Subs, (Berks) 73/2. But we are especially told in the Annals of
Dunstaple (p. 129) that such payment was a voluntary aid {per liberam
voluntatem suam).
T34 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
dominicis ordinis Cisterciens^ etde Premustt^ et guamam nulla fcutajuit
exceptio in litteris tilts de dominicis et rusticis abbatum priorum et aliorum
virorum religiosorum necnon et clericorum nisi tantum de dominicis
archiepiscoporum episcoporum et rusticorum suorum et dominicis ordinis
Cisterciens* et Premustr^ de consilio fidelium nostrorum tibi precipimus
quod de nullis dominicis predictorum archiepiscoporum episcoporum
ordinis Cistercien^ et Premustr* sive abbatum priorum vel aliorum
virorum religiosorum cujtiscumque sint ordinis necnon et clericorum et
7 Sept. rusticorum omnium predictorum nullum assideas caruagium vel colligi
1 220. facias per manus tuas vel militum predictorum nee ullam districtionem
inde eis facias. Teste H. etc, apud Exon. vij, die Septembris,
{Close Roll^ 4 Hen, \\\,m, 5 dorso.]
The accounts of the several sums of money received from this
carucage are found for many English counties, but Lancashire is un-
fortunately not among them. The precise amount — £\(i 6j.— collected
from the bailiwick of Windsor, and delivered to the Receivers at the
New Temple by William Brun (or Brown\ clerk of Engelard cU
Cygoigny^ is entered in the following words : —
Frater Wiirmus de Haliwelle Will's filius Benedicti
civis Lond* Alexander de Sebrichteworthe clericus
receptores carrucagij assisi per Angliam anno liij. Regis
scilicet de qualibet carruca ij. s. quod carrucagium re-
ceptqm fuit per prescriptos apud Novum Templum
Lond' reddunt compotum de xvj. li. et vj. s. receptis de
Ballia de Windlesor* per manum WilFmi Bruni clerici
Engelard' de Cyconiaco Et etc?
\Exch, L, 71 R. Foreign Accounts, Roll n° i, w. i dorso.]
The particulars of the carucage assessed and collected in the baili-
wick of Windsor are thus returned : —
ROTULUS de Caruagio assiso et collecto in
balivia de Windesor' per assisores electos
secundum formam mandati domini Regis
videlicet Ric* de Syffrewast et Hug* de
Sotebroc.
* Printed in Rot. Litt. Claus. i. 437 a, b.
3 This Account is continued on p. 14a
HENRV THE THIRD
135
D'n's Enger de Cigoin'
ij. Caruc'
Alixander de Tynle...
j. Car*
!
Alixander parcarius . .
j. Car'
Gilib' de Grangia
... dim. Car'
Will's Poncon
dim. Car'
Simon Colemen cum p[arc]enar'
... dim. Car'
Will's de Ponte cum parcenar*
... dim. Car'
Simon Keyne cum parcenar'
j. Car'
D'n's Math' de Cigoin'
j. Car'
Rob' de Sages
j. Car'
Windesor- / ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ' ' "
j. Car'
winaesor w^g. ^^ ^ic^^' {_Hethe-]
j. Car'
Ric' Godman
••• dim. Car'
Hugo Brun cum parcen'
... dim. Car'
Rob' carpentarius . . .
j. Car'
Waif de Wpenorr' . . .
j. Car'
Henricus de Mora . . .
din). Car'
Joh' draparius
j. Car*
Rob* de Mora cum p'tineciar'
j. Car*
Osb' filius Hugon' ...
• • «
... dim. Car*
Hug' filius Andr* fabri
• • •
... dim. Car'
iGilib* de la Brocch* . ..
• • •
j. Car'
S* xviij. Car' dimid. xxxvij. s.
The Account summarized (including that above for Windsor) stands
in order in the roll thus : —
Places
4
Names
Ploughs
I s.
d.
Windsor
22
iSf .
I 17
Bray
29
31
32
—
Chocham
48
42
4 4
—
Remeham
13
I4i
I 9
Finchemstede
5
5
— 10
—
Swalofelde ...
9
9
.. — 18
Berkeham
3
3
6
—
Herleg'
II
II
I 2
—
Dydewrze
3
3
.. — 6
—
EUyntun*
7
7
.. — 14
—
Clywar*
7
6i
— 13
Chcdehengr* ...
I
I
— 2
—
Sotebroch'
6
6J
13
—
Horipord'
2
3
.. — 6
Jordanus forestan
'us,..
I
Ploughs
2
163
.. — 4
—
i;i6 6
—
136 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
This total agrees with the sum in the roll, which is set down as
follows : —
Summa omnium Carucarum— Clxiij.
f xvj. //. vj. s.
\_Exch, Lay Subsidies (Berks) Z5]
Several years after, the king issued his writ (with the teste of WiHiam
31 July de Beauchamp\ bearing date at Westminster the 31st day of July in the
'237- 2 1 St year of his reign (1237), and addressed to the sheriff of the counties
of Buckingham and Bedford^ ordering him to cause to come before him,
at certain days and places, four men and the reeve of every town in either
county, in which carucage of two shillings had been granted in the fourth
year of the reign (/« qua carrucagium nostrum nobis fuit concessum
scilicet de guaiibet carruca ij. s. anno regni nostri itij**\ and by the oath
of them and others (if necessary) to inquire ; how much of the aforesaid
carucage was assessed in every town, and for how many ploughs {guan*
turn de predicto carrucagio fuit assisum in guaiibet villa et pro guot car-
rucis); who were the assessors, and to whom the said carucage was paid
(if it was paid), and by whose hands ; and if those paying had tallies
against those to whom they paid the said carucage. The inquisition
thereof taken with the writ now sent was to be had before the barons of
Exchequer at Westminster in 15 days from Michaelmas-day (13 October
1237).*
The returns were accordingly drawn up for both counties in the
method prescribed, namely ; stating the number of ploughs in the several
townships, the money paid, and the persons by whom it was received.
The general heading of the roll is : —
Inquisiciones^ de Caruagio assise in com. Buk. et Bedef.
Anno R. R. H. iiij*^. s[cilicet]. de qualibel Caruca ij. sol.
Observe that there is no allusion whatever to land^ but — like the writ
directing these inquiries to be made — to the plough only. And more
than this, one item expressly states that in Bradenham there was
no plough at that time (that is, in 4 Hen. III.) : — " De BMeham nulla
caruca erat ibi tunc temporis." This is a very significant entry, and one
not to be explained away. We are certain that the land was there.
Unless we obstinately shut our eyes to the natural interpretation of
words, and put upon them such meaning as best suits our own precon-
ceived opinions, there is no gainsaying the evidence here brought forward,
even if it stood apart from all other proof. There were arrears also
returned for Berkshire,* in a roll which consists of two membranes ; one,
giving the arrears from lands and fees of religious men, and the other
^ Exchequer. Lay Subsidies (Divers Counties) 239/241. Another writ
here, dated 20 May 21st year (1237), relates to the Fortieth assessed in
the same two counties.
* Excheguer. Lay Subsidies {fi^x\;!^ 73/1. (In a good state.)
HENRY THE THIRD 1 37
those from the fees of laymen. By its mention (under the latter head) ot
William de Wancy^ as one of the collectors, the roll evidently relates to
the carucage of the fourth year {Testa de Nevill^ 131b). The name
occurs in two places, thus : —
Lewarton'
D' Will'o de Wancy assessore et collectore carucagii pro
i. car*, ij. s.
* • « « «
Cumpton'
D' Hug* de Bathon' pro j. car*, ij. sol.
D' Wiiro de Wancy assessore et collectore carucagii pro ij.
car*, iiij. s.
As may be seen by these examples, the entries are of the same kind
throughout. After the names — " pro v. car*, x. sol." ; " pro ij. car* et
dim. et parte v. s. iiij. d." '* pro j. car*, ij. s." ; " pro xxv. car*. L. soL" ;
and so forth.
A roll for Hertfordshire * somewhat varies the form. It is headed —
" Rotulus de Caniagio assise anno regni Regis H. iiij** " The entries
are arranged thus : —
1[ Stokke Comit' W. de Maundevir...xvij. Car. Solverunt
xxxiiij®"^ sol.
^ Billeg* xxv. Car' Solverunt L. sol.
^ Minnyel xxvij. Car* Solverunt Liiij®'. sol.
^ Puteham* vj. Car* Solverunt xij. sol.
^ Gatesdan' xiiij. Car* et dimid. Solverunt
xxv. sol. Debent liij®'. sol.
So many ploughs paid so many shillings. By the endorsement the
collectors* names are shown : — " Karucagium in Comit* de Hartforde
per Simonem de Fumeaus et Galfridum de Rocheford.' " The account
was rendered by Simon • de Fomell* and John de Rocheforde for his
father who was (presumably) dead.
In the case of the next carucag^e, assessed in 1224, of which there A,D,
remains ' the roll relating to the county of Huntingdon, the same may i^^A*
be said. There is again no reference to land ; and, although the con-
traction '^ car." is used, its proper extension is never for one moment in
doubt Although bearing no precise date, this roll undoubtedly belongs
* Exchequer, Lay Subsidies (County of Hertford) 120/1.
• Exchequer (L. T, R.) Foreign Accounts^ Roll n^ i, m. 2.
' Exchequer, Lay Subsidies (Huntingdon) 122/1. (One membrane,
perfect.)
138 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
to 8 Hen, III. (1224) from reference in the heading to the time* of
Fauke^ de BreauU : —^^ Carucag 'Comitatus Huntedon' assis' tempore
Falk* de Breaut*." This return shows the number of ploughs in the four
hundreds of (as here written) Hirstangestone, Touleslund, Northmanne-
cros and Leythonestan.' The first few items will serve to indicate the
character of the whole.
Hundr' de Hirstangeston'
% D* Stiuecle Comitis David . xi. Caruc* et dim.
Hundr* de Touleslund
IT D' Hemingeford' Trubleviir . xvi. Car'
D* Gillinges . ix. Car'
D' Weresle . xx. Car'
D' Everton' et Tetteworthe . ix. Car'
D' Stanton' et Hilton' . xl. Car'
D' Adbodesle . vij. Car' dim.
D' Eynesbir' . xiiij. Car'
D* Touleslund . xj. Car*
* * * * *
The total is set down as : —
Summaomnium Car'in Com' Huntedon'. CCCCxxiij. Car*, dim.
Summa in denarpis]. xlij. li. vij. s.
Ex hac summa solut' sunt. xlij. li. et aretro sunt vij. s.
Another undated roll (of three membranes) gives the carucage re-
ceived from the Honour of Wallingford in various counties,* and from the
county of Oxford. There is nothing here inconsistent with the returns
previously cited. On the contrary, from this record alone the inference
is irresistible that the tax was laid upon the plough (plough-team).
* See Rymefs Foedera, i. 17 5, under dates, 1 8th and 25th of Aug. 1224.
* From this man's name is derived " Vauxhall." The manor there
was called Faukes-hall from its tenant, so that the preferable spelling
seems to be "Fauke," while the form in Latin is variously found,
Falco^ FalkasiuSy Falcasius^ Falkesius, See Ing.p. m. (20 Edw. I. n** 1 39)
of Margaret de Ripariis ; taken at South Lambeth (Suth-lamhethe)
23 June 1292. . . . ^Capitate Mesuagium cum gardino apud YaM\i<&^Yi2L\\t
valet per anftum tj\ s. Item sunt ibidem iiij*^, acre terre etc. Manning
and Bray throw doubt upon this derivation of " Vauxhall.*' (Hist, 0/
Surrey^ iiL 482.)
* The modem spelling exhibits little variation, viz. Hurstingstone,
Toseland, Norman-Cross and Leightonstone.
* Thus written in order : — Oxford, Bucks, Northampton, Berks,
Wilts, Middlesex, Surrey. [Exchequer, Lay Subs, (Oxford) 161/1.]
HENRY THE THIRD 1 39
Recepta Henrici de Scaccario de carucag' honoris
Walingef scilicet de qualibet caruca. ij. sol.
% Com* Oxon* Honor'
D* villa de Baldindon' ... xxij. sol. pro xi. car'
D' villa de Eston* vj. li. vi. sol. iiij. d. pro Ixiij.
car* et parte
D' Kingeston' et Linl^h* ... xxij. sol. pro xj. car*
« « « « «
The second membrane details the arrears of carucage (in seven
places) in the Honour of Wallingford ; and the third, relating to the
county of Oxford, is headed — " Hie est Rotulus de caruag* posito ad. ij.
soL per Com' Oxon* per Rad' fiP Rob* et Gilleb* de Finemere." »
H Hundr* de Chiltre
D* Stole*, vi. car' ... ... ... ... xij. sol.
D' Craweir. xiij. car* xxyj. sol.
D' Syrebum'. XV. car* ... xxx. sol.
« • « « «
S* Hundr' de Chiltre. xxxvi. lib. et viij. sol.
S* carrucar'. CCClxiiij. Carr'.
Omitting the other hundreds, in which the items are entered in a
similar manner, I pass on to the total : —
S* summarum in carrucis preter honorem de Warengeford*.
M. et dc et. xlij. carr*.
The total receipt for the Honour of Wallingford ( Warenge/orde) is
£<^ 6s. 4id. ; as seen at the foot of the Account — " Summa tocius —
iiij"*. X. li. vj. s. iiij. d. ob. pro dcccc. car* et iij. car* et sexta parte car*. "
Since the foregoing was written, I have identified these carucages
as having been assessed in the fourth year (1220). They are duly
entered' in the accounts which begin with Gloucestershire : —
Gloecestresir*.* De carrucag* assiso ad
ij. sol. per Ric. de Muscegros et Hug'
Mustel anno iiij*® R. H. tercii.
» » » « «
> The names of the two assessors (here indistinct) are inserted from the
Foreign Account^ Roll n° i, so often before mentioned. See below (p. 140).
• Exchequer^ L, T, /?. Foreign Account Sy Roll n" i, w. 2.
• The amount received — ^£140 y, — (in two payments of ;^ 130, and
;£io 3J.) — agrees with that given in "Testa de Nevill," p. 81 a ; so
that the return can be positively dated as belonging to the fourth year
of this king's reign (1220). Observe again that in no instance is allusion
made to land. All through you have carucis^ carucarum^ &c.
I40 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Then Middlesex, Surrey, Hereford in Wales ; after which comes :—
Berkesir' de eodem Carrucag* assiso per Wiirm de
Stanford' et Wiirm de Wanci.
Henr* de Scaccario vie. r. cornp. de C. et xxxvj. li. et vij. s. de
eodem de hominibus et villis quorum nominibus pre-
ponitur littera T. in Rotulo quem predicti liberaverunt in
thesauro. In th. lib. apud Novum Templum Lond.'
Et Quietus est
Id. H. r. comp. de quater xx. et x. li. vj. s. iij. d. et ob. de
Carrucag' Honoris de Warengeforde assiso in diversis
comitatibus. In th. apud Novum Templum Lond' lib.
« « « « Et Quietus est.
OXENEFORDSCIR*
Rad' fil. Rob* et Gilleb' de Finemere assisores carrucagii in
hoc comitatu reddunt compotum de C. et Ixiiij. li. et iiij.
s. de M. et dc. et xlij. carrucis videlicet de carruca ij. s.
preter honorem de Warengeford' qui nondum est in
Rotulo. In th. apud Novum Templum C. et Ixiij. li. Et
deb* xxiiij. s. lidem r. comp. de eodem debito. In
th. lib. Et Quieti sunt.
Referring again to the inrolled Account, from which an extract
relating to the receipt for the bailiwick of Windsor has been made
(p. 134), after " Cyconiaco," as there printed, the record runs on : — " Et
de C. et xxxvj. li. et vij. s. receptis de carrucag* Comitatus Berkesir* per
Henr ' de Scaccario vie. Et de quater xx. et x. li. et vj. s. et iiij. d. de
carrucag* honoris de Warengeford' receptis de eodem Henr*. Et de C.
et xxxiij. li. et vj. s. et viij. d. de carrucag* Comitatus de Cantebr'
receptis de Rad' de Bray per manum Will'i de Walda clerici. Et " etc}
The printed volume (1807, folio), entitled "Testa de Nevill," con-
tains in detail (pp. 1 31-133) the carucage assessed in Berkshire* in the
> Here follow receipts for the several counties of Northampton,
Worcester, Wilts, Dorset and Somerset, Gloucester [^130 and £\o 3s.],
Essex and Hertford, Surrey, Bedford, Leicester, Warwick, Rutland,
Oxford, Buckingham, Hereford in Wales, Devon, Southampton, Lincoln,
Nottingham, Derby, Norfolk and Suffolk, York. {Exchequer^ L. T, R,
Foreign Accounts y Roll n^ i^m. i dorso.]
* The heading has ** quinto," instead of quarto; an inaccuracy
similar to that before pointed out (p. 18) as having been made in the Red
Book of the Exchequer with regard to the regnal year in which a former
tax was assessed.
HENRY THE THIRD 14^
fourth year of Henry IIL (1220). Thexv are here three entries vhich
seem to be opposed to what has been said about the tax being laid upon
the plough, inasmodi as they mmrion ''car^ads terre." They are
these : —
1. « De Eton' Willi de Hastinges pro x. canicis tcrre xx- s." P- 574-
2. " De Elfinton' Ad' et Galfr' pro tribus canicis terre yj. s." P- ^* >
3. ** De Sandcm' pro x. caruds teme xx. soL" ^ ^'
Out of 171' items, but three inset the word '^terre.' The rest have
^ caruca" or ** camds* only, and thus present exactly the form of the
actual returns, now remaining 00 record and before described. Obviously,
a document must be understood by its general character rather than by
three scattered instances which are wianifr<f exceptions to the whole.
What b the original of this printed vcrfume? Two ancient books in
manuscript, formeriy preserved in the office of the King'r Rewuwtbrattcer
of the Exchequer. For readiness of consultation various single docu-
ments, or rolls, of differing dates were transcribed — probably, towards
the end of the reign of Edw, 11. — and brought together under counties.'
At the best, then, each section is a copy dL a copy— a £sict to which
especial attention is called at the very oommencemenL A memorandum
on the first leaf states that this book* was composed and compiled from
inquisitions taken in the time of Edward the First, and so its contents
are had in the Exchequer for evidences, and not for record. The precise
meaning of thb distinction is not dear ; but the note points to the £act,
that these transcripts have some value below that of a record. Without
laying any stress upon '^quinto" written for ** quarto" (as already
observed, p. 140), other inaccuracies are readily detected,* such as ; (576)
^ pro xxj caruca [instead of caru£is\ ; (577) *•*• pro ij carucis iiij. den.
* Including the receipt from lands and fees of religious houses and
ecclesiastical persons ; such payments being made of their own free wiU,
as before noted (page 133, note 1).
' The reference (during the present reign) is Exchequer Q, R, Mis-
cellaneous Baeks^ numbers 5 and 6.
' The manuscript volume, n* 6, contains sundry collections which
relate to Lancashire.
^ ** Memorandum quod iste liber compositus fiiit et compilatus de
diversis inquisicionibus ex officio captis tempore R. £. filii R. H. £t sic
contenta in eodem libro pro evidenciis habentur hie in Scaccario et non
pro Recordo." The same memorandum, word for word, is also written
at the beginning of ^ No. 6."
* It is hardly necessary to note that the manuscript (n<* 5) is before
me while I write. For aught I see, the printed book is (here at all
events) well and carefrilly done ; but I naturally prefer to use the manu-
script itselL
142 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
[instead of so/,] ; then, a word omitted : — " D* Sesfeld' Prioris de Ntiitni'
pro iiij.' viij. s." (583) when it should have been written, "pro iiij,
carticis. viij. s. These inaccuracies, trifling as they are, indicate either
carelessness in the writer, or defects in the documents copied,' and
encourage the idea that the word 'terre' may have slipped in after
' carucis' through sheer inadvertence. However, to sum up the matter.
Making the most of these entries, they are but three in number ; and
they are absolutely contradicted, without a single exception, by every
original document which yet remains, relating to either of the two
carucages of 1220 and 1224 ; as well as by the inrolments of the king's
two writs, and of the foreign accounts. Further, I am in no way pre-
pared to admit that ^ caruca terra * signifies a ^ plough-land.' On the
contrary, I believe that it can not and does not mean anything more
than 'plough,' the word terra being simply redundant The proper
expression for a plough-land is undoubtedly carucata terrce^ as invariably
employed in Domesday-book, though varied by the form, '^ terra ad I.
carucam"; ''terra ad II. carucas"; &c. according to the numbered
ploughs. The distinction between ploughs and carucates of land is
marked and constant in the Great Survey, notwithstanding the
general and confident assertion, that both are commonly represented
by the same contraction, "car."; and that it is hard to distinguish one
from the other. With very little study one can soon learn the difference;
as, for example, by opening the printed volume at leaf 303, where the
words 'carucatse' and 'carucae' are over and over again written at
length. "In Caretorp. sunt ad g[e]ld[am]. II 11**'. carucatas. 7. II.
carucae poss[unt] arare." And so in many other parts of Yorkshire
(EvrvicScire).
* I find this spelling repeated in Exch, Lay Subsidies (Berks) 73/1,
in the line — " D' Colecote p'oris de Nuiun pro iiij. car* et dim. et parte
ix. s. ix. d." This was an alien priory, to which references maybe found
in the Alphabetical Catalogue of Inrolments in the " Exchequer of Pleas."
' Not a blank space, as in the printed volume, p. 133.
• Sir Henry Barkly^ in an able paper — printed in Genealogist^ N.S.
(ed. Seldy)yV, 35-40 — upon Testa de NEViLL,has shown how numerous
are the defects arising from " the ignorance and carelessness with which
the Exchequer volumes were compiled " (p. 39) ; and how even the
very rolls used by these transcribers were themselves but copies, which
contained at times distinct acknowledgment, that the original documents
" were at the time of copying defective and in parts illegible *' (p. 37).
For example — " Non potest plus scribi de hoc Comitatu propter magnum
defectum quod est in rotulo exemplari per quern iste scribitur^ or (in
English), " More cannot be written of this county (Devon) on account of
great defect in the roll from which this is transcribed." This independent
testimony is supplied by Sir Henry, after careful collation of certain
" Ancient Miscellanea" with these two Exchequer volumes (5 and 6).
HENRY THE THIRD I43
The term * canicata * was used also — at a later date — for a plough-
team of oxen, carucata bourn. Bishop Kennett gives an instance in his
Parochial Antiquities {^, 135) from a charter of Gilbert Basset; and the
same is found in the pleadings of a suit,^ Hil. 52 Hen. III. (1267-8), by
which it appeared that Robert de Goldesburghe had acknowledged that
he had received from John rector of the church of Thorentone in Lones-
dale, as a marriage portion with Isabel his wife, daughter of Walter
de Tatham^ certain chattels which are duly set forth in a writing under
his {Robert) hand as : — ^^duas carucatas boum viginti et quaiuor vaccas
cum uno tauro x. jumenta, duos equos [et] decern marccts argenti?*
The plough-team {camccUa bourn) figures also in the story of an
accident by which a serf, being dragged down by oxen,' lost his life about
the year 11 98 : —
HUNDR' DE POWRDESIR*.
Mansipius quidam distractus fuit quadam carrucata boum ita quod
obiit et Henr* de Bumeir* tunc vicecomes cepit boves illos et sunt
xxiiij. sol. et inde idem Kic** debet respondere et unde iij. boves fuerunt
ipsius mansipii et v. fuerunt Wonnig* consocii sui. \Coram Rege^ n** 9,
John [anno tertio], m. 2].*
N)
» Assize Roll, York, i > i, /Tf. 18.
2 )
' Having fallen backwards, while leading as described in the extract
(p. 129) from the Statistical Account^ he was crushed to death by sheer
weight of the foremost yoke of oxen.
* At first written Ri(^ Reuell^ but struck through and Hent^ de BumelP
substituted over, with a wrong initial to the surname ; for the Pipe Rolls
(42, 43), 8 Ric, I. and 9 Ric, I., have under Cornwall, " Ricardus Reuel
Henr* de Fumell* pro eo redd.Comp." etc,
* See the previous note. The name Richard should have been altered
to Henry.
* A system — which (unless I am greatly mistaken) promises most
disastrous results in the future — of renaming and renumbering docu-
ments is now (January 1890) in progress at the Public Record Office.
Thus I learn at the last moment that the above reference, which held
good when I made the extract, is now changed to ^^ Assize Rolls^
Various^ n** 77." Unless, then, a very careful register of these altera-
tions be kept, many of the references made in printed books before this
time will be rendered absolutely unintelligible. In this connection I will
point out that, for Tower. Miscellaneous Rolls^ n° 19 (page 29, note i),
you must now read Miscellaneous Rolls (Chancery), Knights^ Set vices,
8/1, or Bundle 8, n® i. In the case of two previous references (pp. 117,
121), I keep the old title, and change the number only, in order to retain
the association with ^* Miscellaneous Rolls," set out in App. ii. to the
Second Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, 53 — 65.
144 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
This record ^ has some value from the fact of its indicating the normal
team of eight beasts in joint ownership, of which some instances have
been seen above in the return of canicage made for Windsor. The
man who was killed had owned three oxen, his partner {parcenarius^
p. 135) five ; and the animals, valued at three shillings the head, were
taken by the sheriff as deodands. These forfeitures are now discontinued,
having been abolished by Statute 9 and 10 Vict. c. 62. Formerly any
chattel which was the immediate occasion of death was a deodand, and
became forfeited to the Crown.*
The first Close Roll of Hen. III. shows that very early in the reign
a tax was laid upon hides, or carucates, of land. In what manner, or
after what rate, it was levied cannot be determined in the absence of
accounts or other specific documents. That it was granted in a general
cpuncil, and that money was actually received therefrom, are facts abun-
dantly proved by a series of entries which are here set forth in chrono-
logical order.'
A,D, The sheriffs of very many counties (twenty-two in all) were severally
12 1 7 ordered on 9 April 1217 to respite, until Sunday (23 April) before the
9 ApnL fg^^ q£ Saint Mark the Evangelist, the demand which they were making
upon the prior and brethren of the Hospital of Jerusalem in England for
Hidage hidage or carnage which the king had commanded to be taken in their
or respective baili wicks {de hidagio vel caruagio quod capiprecepimus in ballia
Carnage. /|^^) . because they (the Hospitallers) would appear on that day before
the lord legate td hear his commands thereupon. The earl William
Mareschal to be informed at that date by each sheriff, how many hides
or carucates of land they have in his bailiwick, and in how much they
ought to answer for carnage or hidage (quot^ hidas vel carucatas terre
^ My attention has been very kindly called to this entry by Mr. W,
Paley Baildon, of Lincoln's Inn, who is editing a volume (iii) for the
Selden Society, which " will contain a selection of Civil Cases of the
thirteenth century from the Plea Rolls preserved in H M. Public Record
Office."
' See Blackston^s Commentaries, &c. (ed. 1829), i. 300, 301 ; also
The Interpreter (ed. Tho, Manley\ 1672 :—
" Omnia qua movent ad mortem sunt Deodanda.
What moves to death, we understand
Is forfeit as a Deodand."
'In face of two articles upon Carucage that have lately appeared in
the English Historical Review^m, (1888), pp. 501, 702, it is necessary to
state, that my notes from Rot. Utt, Claus, i., which are made use of here,
and relate to the carucage of the year 12 17, are (by the book which now
lies before me) dated 15 November 1883.
* Contrast these terms with those used by the king in ordering the
carucage of 1220 — "quot fuerint in baillia tua caruce de quibus donnm
illud habere debeamus " (p. 133, line 16).
HENRY THE THIRD
145
habearU in ballia tua et de quanta debeant de caruagio vel hidagio
respondere), [Close Roily i Hen. III. m. 19 dorso.]
Fauke de BreauU vf^s commanded (14 April) to let Hubert de Burgh
justiciar of England hay t 500 marks of the hidage and aid (de hidagio et
auxilio\ ordered to be taken in the counties committed to him * {Fauke).
On the same day the king commanded the sheriff of Berkshire^ who with
Walter Fallot and others had been appointed to assess and receive the
hidage and carnage {ad assidendum et recipiendum hidagium etcaruagium
comitcUus Berkes^) of that county, to commit all money arising therefrom
to the custody of the abbot of Abingdon^ who on the same day was
directed to lay it up at Abingdon (here Abbedone\ and to keep it safely
until otherwise instructed^ {mm. 19, 18).
The king informed (21 April) the sheriff of Berkshire and the collectors
of aid in that county {collectoribus auxilii ejusdem comitatus\ that he had
received by the hands of earl William Mareschal ten marks for hidage
{de hidagio) of the manor of Shrivenham, which had been conunitted to
Henry dc Trubleville to assess and collect ; and therefore they were to
account with the said Henry for that sum ^ {m. 18). Robert de Mortimer
was acquitted (7 June) of the hidage, carnage and aid which had been
assessed by the king's command {hidagium caruagium et auodlium quod^
deprecepto nostra assisum est) in the counties of Oxford, Warwick and
Leicester ' (»f. 16). The sheriff of the county of Southampton was ordered
(13 June) to leave in peace all religious men and houses of what order
soever in his county, as concerned the hidage now by the king's command
last assessed there {de hidagio quod per precepium nostrum nunc ultimo
assisum fuit in eodem camitatu\ because they had satisfied the king for
the same * {m. 16 dorso). And on the 23rd of July the shtnff of Rutland-
shire was commanded not to require, or to permit his officers to require,
hidage, sheriff's aid, suit or the like {hidagium auxilium* VicecanC sectam
A.D.
1217.
14 April
Hidage
and
Aid.
Hidage
and
Caruage.
21 April
Hidage.
7 June
Hidage
Caruage
and
Aid.
13 June
Hidage
23 July
Hidage,
Sheriflf's
Aid.
^ Patent Rally i Hen. III. m. 9. Fauke was, up to his fall and dis-
grace in 1224, sheriff of the counties of Northampton, Oxford, Bucking-
ham and Bedford, Cambridge and Huntingdon.
2 Close Rally i Hen. III. Printed in Rot. Liti. Claus. i. 306 a. {mm.
I9t 18) ; 306 b, 307 a {m. 18) ; 310 a {m. 16) ; 336 a {m. 16 dorso).
' Observe the use of " quod " in the singular, as denoting one tax.
< AUXILIUM VICECOMITIS. " Whatever this tax may have been in its
origin, it became a fixed sum payable for the most part out of particular
tenements or manors. It is still payable under the name of sheriJTs aid
in several Cornish manors, as Penmayn, &c. Dr. Cowel speaks of it as
paid to the sheriff * for the better support of his office.' Fleta (lib. 3, cap.
14, s. 9) mentions it as a personal prestation and not a service. It
seems, however, to have been a commutation for personal service, and
was known in Normandy. Rot. Scacc. Norm. Stapleton's Observations,
vol. i, pp. 65, 87, 122." [MONASTICON DiOECESIS EXONIENSIS, by
George Oliver^ D.D. Exeter, 1846, folio, page 491.]
L
146
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
A.D.
1217.
IO-I2Aug.
10 Aug.
Hidage.
1217-18
9 Jan.
Canicage
and
Hidage.
8 Nov.
1223.
Hidage
and
Caniage.
vel kujusmo'di\ from the lands of William de Caniiloup^ (m. 14). John
de Harecurte was to be allowed (10 and 12 Aug.) by the sheriff of Z^eices/er-
shire to take such aid from his manor of Roleg' (Rothley), as the king
would take, if that manor were in the king's hand * (m, 11).
The sheriffs of Yorkshire and of several other counties were ordered
(10 Aug.) to permit William Mareschal Xhe younger to take the hidage
which had been assessed in the lands and tenements granted to him by
the king' {m, 12). The bailiffs of Wanetinge were ordered (9 January
12 17-18) to pay to the sheriff of Berkshire £yj^ which they had received
of the canicage and hidage assessed by the council {de carrucagio et
hydagio quod assisum fuit per consilium regni nostri) of the realm'
(/w. 12).
The latest reference that I find in the Close Rolls to this tax of 12 17
is under date, 8 Nov. 1223, on which day Henry ordered the sheriff of
Berkshire to produce before the barons of the exchequer, in fifteen days
from the feast of S. Martin {i,e, 25 Nov.), ,the king's writs, by which
William Mareschal the elder earl of Pembroke was made to have the
hidage and carnage of Wanetinge (Wantage), for strengthening Marl-
borough castle {hidagium et caruagium de Wanetinge ad castrum
nostrum de Merleberge firmandum).^ The levy here mentioned must be
that of the first year (12 17), for the earl died in May 12 19 (as already
seen, p. 80).
Although no accounts are known to be in existence, it is not im-
possible that an undated return, found in Testa de Nevill (84-86) for the
county of Leicester, may relate to this canicage, from its presenting the
like hazy and indefinite character, and from its being mixed up with
" sherifTs aids." There is, first, an enumeration of carucates and bovates
in certain places, under the two hundreds of Framelund* and Gertrc.
Here, though the contraction ^^ carucP is used, the association with
bovates shows that carucates are meant and, indeed, in two instances,
the word is extended to " carucat\ " thus : — " De Melton vj came* et di'
de feodo Templi et Steph' de Segrave iij carucat' " (85 a) ; and, "In
Rethirby ij carucat' " (85 b). This table of carucates is followed by a
list, headed "Auxilia vie' de Framelund," which seems to have some
connection with what has gone before. The calculation does not always
work out satisfactorily, as in the first item quoted below ; but, if there is
» Close Roll^ I Hen, III. Printed in Rot. Lilt, Claus, i. 315 a (w. 14) ;
319 a {m. 11).
s Close Roll, I Hen. III. Printed in Rott. Ut. Claus. i. 318 b.
' Close Roll, 2 Hen. III. Printed in Rot, ZJtt. Claus. i. 348 b. Observe
again " quod " in the singular number.
^ Close Roll, 8 Hen. III. w. 18. Printed in Rot. Utt. Claus. \. 574 b.
* Framland hundred is in the N.E. comer, next to Lincolnshire ;
Gartree hundred, on the S.E. side, adjoins the cos. of Rutland and
Northampton.
HENRY THE THIRD 147
any system at all to be derived from the figures, a sum of eight-pience
was laid upon thecanicare. For moreready comparison of the two, they
are placed side by side ; —
[p. 84) Framelund
De testa de Nevill
(i) In Overton xij came'
(2) De Sumcrdeby Tatisale iij
canic' min' ij bovat'
(3) De feodo Quatremare j
canic' et vj bovat'
(4) De Danby Tatissale iiij
(5) Ibidem de feodo Paynel ij
(P- 85)
Auxilia vid de Framelund
De Overton v. sol' viij, den'
De Sumerdby Tateshal xxij. d.
De Sumerdby Quatremars xiiij.d.
Danby Tateshaie xxxij. d.
Danby Paynel xvj. d.
(I) Twelve carucates at id. mskK%s.,nolis.%d. (2) Three c
less two bovates (taking the canicate at eight bovates), or two carucates
and six bovates (at %d.) = 22 pence. (3I One camcate ard six bovates
(at fai.) = 14 pence. (4) Four carucates (at 8rf.) = 32 pence. (5) Two
carucates (at %d.) = 16 pence.
However, all this is put forward as mere conjecture. The mention of
Stephen de Stgrave above (p. 146) points to the reign of Henry the
Third ; as, according to Fois, he became justiciar of Englaad in 1232
{Tabula CuriaUs\ and his name has already appeared Ip. 69) in the
leste to the king's writ ordering an assize of arms in 1230.
148
Edward the First
(20 November 1272 - 7 July 1307)
9 jfitUenW ot mokieatiU 4IOOIV0
(*)
A«3" In a Parliament holden at Westminster 13 Oct. 1275, the
' * -^ prelates, earls, barons and commonalty of the realm
1275.' granted to the King a FIFTEENTH of all their moveable
goods toward the relief of his estate.
Edward was yet in the Holy Land at the time of his father's death,
which happened in the evening of Wednesday the i6th of November
1272 ; but, notwithstanding his absence from England, his peace was
publicly proclaimed on the following morning in Westminster hall, and
in his name firmly enjoined upon the people there assembled.^ Henry
was buried with great solemnity before the high altar of Westminster
abbey on Sunday the 20th of the same month, being the feast of Saint
Edmund king and martyr ; from which date the reign of Edward the
First began. Here it is necessary to notice a strange misconception
started by Sir Harris Nicolas^ with regard to the regnal years of this
king. It is nothing short of marvellous that this error should have been
universally accepted in spite of the abundant, indeed superabundant,
evidence to the contrary. Yet so specious is the reasoning employed,
' No documents found for Lancashire.
' These particulars are related in a letter, bearing date 23 Nov. 1272
and addressed to Edward by the archbishop of York with other notable
persons. See Rymer's Foodera^ i. 497.
^ Chronology of History (2nd Edition), pp. 31 1-3 13.
EDWARD THE FIRST I49
and so fatuous the trust reposed in " authorities," that it is all but hopeless
to expect any impression to be made upon such fond belief by proofs,
however overwhelming. None the less I shall make the effort ; and, for
this purpose, Sir Harris Ntcolas^s comments are quoted at length : —
" Besides the Rolls in the Tower, and various Wardrobe accounts,
which fully prove, that the regnal years of Edward I. began and ended
on the 20th of November, the fact is shown by the record of the
surrender of the Kingdom of Scotland by John Baliol, in November
1292. The first convention on the subject is dated May i, 20 Edw. I.,
1292. Other conventions were held at different times in that year ; and
the seventeenth and last convention is dated Monday the seventeenth of
November, 20 Edward I., which was likewise in 1292. At that conven-
tion it was determined that Baliol should do homage to Edward on the
Thursday following, the feast of St. Edmund, King and Martyr, namely,
the twentieth of November. The next instrument is tested at Berwick
on Tweed, *dectmo nono die Novembris^ anno regni nostri vicesimd ;
which is followed by one . . . dated on Wednesday^ the vigil or eve of
the feast of St Edmund, King and Martyr, namely, the nineteenth oj
November. This is followed by the record that Baliol took the oath of
fealty to Edward, which commences in these words : — * Die Jovis
sequenti, scilicet vicesimo die Novembris^ in festo Beati Eadmundi Regis
et Martiris, anno praedicti Domini E. Regis Angliae vicesimo Jiniente^
apud Norham . . . Postmodum, eodem die, confectae fuerunt quaedam
litterae . . . apud Norham, die Jovis^ in festo Sancti Eadmundi Regis
et MartiriSy anno Incamationis Dominicae Millesimo ducentesimo nona-
gesimo secundo, et regni ipsius domini nostri Edwardi vicesimo finiente^
et vicesimo primo incipiente^ &c.
" Notwithstanding the dictum of Lord Chief Justice Coke, that, in
computations of time, * the law doth reject all fractions and divisions of
* a day, for the uncertainty which is always the mother of confusion and
* contention,' it is evident, from this record, that there was a fraction of
a day in computing the regnal years of the Kings of England ; for what
occurred in the early part of the day, on the 20th of November, 1292,
respecting Baliol's surrender of the sovereignty of Scotland, was said
to be the twentieth year of Edward I.'s reign ; whereas, in the proceed-
ings at a later part of the day, the 20th of November is said to be the
end of the twentieth^ and the beginning of the twenty-first year of his
reign. It would be impossible, and it is scarcely necessary, for practical
purposes, to decide at what hour of the day the separation occurred,
whether at noon, or at the precise hour in which the act of accession
occurred ; but it is evident that, instead of the regnal year closing on
the day before the anniversary of the accession, that anniversary hap-
pened in two regnal years ; thus producing the * uncertainty ' apprehended
by Lord Coke ; but the fact is not, in itself, very material, because it only
relates to one day, and the year of our Lord must always be the same.
The account of the regnal years of Edward I. in the Red Book of the
ISO LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Exchequer agrees with the fact : — * Item data Regis Edwardi filii dicti
Regis Henrici mutavit singulis annis die Sancti Edmundi R. videlicet
XX die mensis Novembris.' "
The " Wardrobe acounts " of this reign do not " fully prove that
the regnal years of Edward L began and ended on the 20th of Novem-
ber." In point of fact, they show no more than this : they run from
feast-day to feast-day, like Ministers* Accounts ^ which are reckoned from
the Michaelmas-day of one year to the Michaelmas-day of the year fol-
lowing, in the manner seen by the subjoined title : —
" Rotulus hospicii Regis Edwardi filii Regis Henrici a festo sancti
Edmundi Regis et Martiris anno regni Regis Edwardi predicli vicesimo
primo incipiente usque dictum festum anno revoluto ..." (20 Nov. 1292-
20 Nov. 1293) [-^^^^ g^^ j^^^^ Wardrobe Account -^]
But, when they mention the regnal year precisely, these forms are
used : —
" a XX** die Novembris anno xvip incipiente usque xix. diem Novem-
bris anno eodem finiente per CCC. Ixv. dies." (20 Nov. 1288 to 19 Nov.
1289) A
\Exch, Q,R, Misc, Wardrobe Account 3
" Et comp. in operacionibus ... a festo Pasche anno r. r. E.
septimo usque ad vigiliam sancti Edmundi regis et martiris ipso anno
finiente,^' (3 April to 19 Nov. 1279) ^
[Exch, Q.R, Misc, Wardrobe Account —]
" . . post ultimum compotum suum factum in Vasconia anno xvij®.
usque xix. diem Novembris anno xviij finiente in presencia dicti Wal-
ter! . . ." ( up to 19 Nov. 1290)
\Exch. Q,R, Misc. Wardrobe Account zl
" Domino Rad*o Elem° Regine percipienti pro elemosina dicte Regine
quohbet die quando itinerat ij. s. st' pro elem» hujus a xx. die Novembris
anno xvij"". incipiente videlicet aprincipio isiius anni usquequo Rex venit
apud Burgum in Norfi ' scilicet usque xxv. diem Sept. infra quod tempus
Regina itineravit per C. xxiij. dies et non amplius pro eo quod moram
traxit retro Regem ..." (20 Nov. 1288 to 25 Sept. 1289)
\Exch. Q.R. Misc, Wardrobe Account ^
The duration of the regnal year is very exactly defined by these two
Writs of Privy Seal; one fixing the last day of the 28th year; the other,
\}^^ first day of the 29th year : —
" Edwardus etc. Monasterio sancti Germani de Seleby cura pastorali
destituto per cessionem fratris Johannis nuper Abbatis ejusdem . . .
' See the title "De exitibus," etc., n". 4 (p. 151).
EDWARD THE FIRST IS I
Dat' sub privato sigillo nostro apud Bowes xix, die Novembris anno 19 Nov.
regni nostri vicesimo octavo finienter \Privy Seals ^ 28 Edw. I. '30o*
n** 2176]
"Edward etc. Nous enveoms a vous mons' Hugue de Seint Phile-
bert . . . Don' souz noslre prive seal a Kirkeby Fletham le xx, jour 20 Nov.
de Novembre Ian de nostre regne vint et noevyme comenceant" [Privy 1300-
Seals^ 29 Edw, I. n*» 2178]
The foregoing examples suffice to disprove the rash assertion, that
the regnal years of Edward began and ended on the same day, the
20th of November ; for it is seen plainly that each regnal year naturally
and properly ended on the nineteenth of November. Moreover, the
participles, Jiniente^ incipiente^ are employed in the vast majority of
cases not — as Sir Harris Nicolas^ in reliance upon an isolated entry,
erroneously supposed — to mark the precise ending or precise beginning
of a regnal year, but rather in the sense of (as one should say) " towards
the end," " towards the beginning " of such and such a year. Of this use
the records, not only of this but of other reigns, furnish constant and ever-
recurring instances, so that the failure to notice them is absolutely
incredible.
1. " Compotus Ph' i de Wilueby de garderoba Regis a quarto die 4 Nov.
Nov. anno Ivij. R. H. incipiente quo die Rex applicuit apud portum '^72.
T*polin usque ad diem sancti Luce Ewangeliste anno secundo antequam ,3 q^^
R. committeret custod* ejusdem gard' Magistro Thome Beke per breve 1274.
Regis et visum et testimonium Th* de Gounneys qui habuit contra-
rotulum in gard* predicta." (4 Nov. 1272 to 18 Oct. 1274)
\Exch, Q.R, Misc. Wardrobe Account — ]
2. " De Garderoba Regis a die sancti Luce Evangeliste anno ij". 18 Oct.
finiente per Magistrum Thomam de Beke usque festuui sancti Edmundi 1274.
confessoris anno iij**. incipiente anno iiij", a quo tempore idem comp* ~
inde in Rotulo vij°." (18 Oct. 1274 to 20 Nov. 1275) [Exch, L,T,R, ^^^^js!'
Repertory to Foreign Accounts^ Case 3, n" 2]
8. " Placita de Assisis et Juratis capta apud Ebor* in Octabis sancti 6 Oct.
Michaelis coram J. de Reygate et W. de Northburg' anno r. r. E. quarto ^276.
incipiente quintp^ (6 October 1276) ^^ v
[Assize Roll i \i. York]
3 )
4. " De exitibus ville et com. Cestr* per Guncelinum de Badlesmere 29 Sept.
a festo sancti Michaelis anno v. incipiente usque idem festum anno vj. 1276.
incipiente 3Lntequsim^^ etc. (29 Sept. 1276 to 29 Sept. 1277) [ExcA. L,T.R, ^ .
Repertory to Foreign Accounts^ Case 3, n° 2] 1277.
5. " De exitibus Episcopatus KarP per eundem Thom' de Norman-
ville a iij°. die Octobris anno vj*° finiente usque x. diem Julii anno viij. 3 Oct.
antequam redderet temporalia ejusdem Episcopatus Rad'o de Irton' 1278.
prefecto." (3 Oct. 1278 to 10 July 1280) [Pipe Roll, 12 Edw. I.]
152
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
29 Seut.
1286.
I Nov,
1289.
29 Sept.
1290.
29 Sept.
1291.
Mich.
term
1291.
30 Sept.
1294.
Mich,
temi
1294.
5 Nov.
1295.
I Oct.
1294.
20 Nov.
1298.
6. " Dies dati vicecomitibus ad computandum post festum sancti
Michaelis anno r. R. E. yJXvf finiente^*
[Memoranda, L.T,R. 14-15 Edw, /. Ro. 25 dorso]
7. " Ricardo Genticors percipienti per diem vij. d. q. pro vadiis suis a
primo die Novembris anno xv\}'*.Jiniente tisque ultimum diem Junii anno
presenti utroque computato ..." (i Nov. 1289 to 30 June 1290)
[Tower, Wardrobe Book, 17-18 Edw. I.]
8. "Compotus Thome de Normanville clerici Regis ultra Trentam
Escaetoris de exitibus ballive sue a festo sancti Michaelis anno r. r. E.
xviij. finiente usque ad idem festum proximo sequens anno xix**. per
annum integrum." (29 Sept. 1290 to 29 Sept. 1291)
[Escheator^ Accounts ultra Trentam (18-19 Edw. 1.) -]
9. "Placita coram domino Rege de Termino sancti Michaelis anno
regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Henr* decimo nono finiente incipiente
vicesimoJ^ (Michaelmas term, 9 Oct. to 28 Nov. 1291) [Coram Rege
(130), Mich, 19-20 Edw, L]
10. " Compotus fratris Joh'is de Stiuenach* prioris de Wymundeham
collectoris subsidii medietatis bonorum spiritualium et temporalium . . .
in episcopatu Norwic' per breve Regis patens datum xxx. die
Septembris anno regni Regis E. xxij, finiente incipiente xxiij, Cujus
medietatis" etc, [Exc/t, L,T.R. Foreign Accounts, Roll n° i, w. 31.]
11. " Rex etc, in termino sancti Michaelis anno regni nostri vicesimo
secundo finiente incipiente vicesimo tercio per umam talliam ..."
(Mich, term, 9 Oct. to 29 Nov. in 1294.)
[Tower, Miscellaneous Rolls, 16/13, m, 3.]
12. " De Manerio de Corsingtone ... a festo Omnium Sanctorum
anno xxij"*. usque diem Martis prox* ante festum Sancti Edmundi Regis
anno -^xx]'' finiente , , ." (i Nov. 1294 to 15 Nov. 1295)
[Pipe Roll, 26 Edw, I. (Hereford)]
13. "De exitibus terr' et ten' Joh'is de Britann' Com' Richem' in
Anglia capt' in man' Regis occasione guerre in Francia per Has-
culphum de Cliseby a primo die Octobris anno xxij° finiente usque
primum diem Aprilis anno xxvj*° quo die lib' predicto Joh'i tenend' de
gracia R. durante sufferencia guerre cum bonis et catallis " etc, (i Oct.
1294 to I April 1298) [Plp^ Rollt 27 Edw, L]
14. "... del XX. jour du moys de Novembre Ian du regne nostre
seignur le Roi avandit xxvij. prochein avenir comencant jusques au
derreyn jour du moys de Juyn le primer jour et le darreyn acontez par
CCxxiij. jours." (20 Nov. 1298 to 30 June 1299)
[Exch, Treasury of Receipt. Miscellanea — ]
16. "Compotus Mag'ri Ric'i de Haveringe Escaetoris Regis ultra
Trentam de escaetis R. ibidem a ij. die Aprilis anno xxvij. quo die Rex
EDWARD THE FIRST 153
commisit eidem Ric*o officium escaetar' predicte per breve R. patens 29 -^ept.
usque festum sancti Michaelis prox' sequen' eodem anno xxvij** finiente '^99*
et ab eodem festo . . . " (2 April to 29 Sept. 1299)
\Escheator^ Accounts ultra Trentam (27-33 £dw, I.)g]
16. " Inquisicio de terris . . . capta apud Derley in Pecko in Com. '3 I^ec.
Derb. die Mercurii in festo sancte Lucie virginis anno regni Regis ^^°'*
Edwardi XXX. //i^^^Vm/^ per sacr'm . . ." (13 Dec. 1301)
\Chancerv Inq.p, m, 30 Edw, I. n° 48]
17. " Compotus predicti Magistri Ric'i de Haveringe Escaetoris Regis
ultra Trentam de exitibus terrarum et ten* que fuerunt Joh'is de
Warrenna nuper Comitis Surr* defuncti ... a xxvij° die Septembris 27 Sept.
anno nasxif finiente quo die dictus Comes obiit usque crastinum Pasche '^°^*
proximo sequentis videlicet xix. diem Aprilis anno xxxiij^" (27 Sept.
1 304 to 1 9 April 1 305 )
\Escheator^ Accounts ultra Trentam (27-33 Edw. I.)g]
18. " Rex quinto die Octobris anno xxxij*» finiente assignavit Will'm 5 Oct.
de Rodestone et Nich'm de Pershete ad vendicioni exponend* quedam '^^
jumenta Regis debilia et quosdam pullanos Regis in parcis " etc,
{Memoranda {L,T.R,\ 32-33 Edw. I. Ro. 4]
The very first extract by chance establishes the point in question,
and shows that the like system prevailed in other reigns. The regnal
years of Hen. III. actually began on the 28th of October (p. 2), but here
is the 57th year of his reign made to commence (adopting Sir Harris
Nicoias's mode) on the fourth of November, 1272. So the next (2)
makes the second year of Edw. I. finish on the i8th of October (instead
of 19 Nov.) 1274. Without being at the trouble to comment on the
whole of the foregoing extracts, which might be indefinitely augfmented
if occasion required, the reader may see at a glance (assisted by the
reference numbers), that EdwariPs regnal year, if any strict meaning
were to be attached to the termSy finiente, incipiente, ended — 27 Sept.
1304 (17); 29 Sept 1286(6); 29 Sept. 1299 (15); I Oct. 1294(13); 3 Oct.
1278 (5); 5 Oct. 1304 (18); 18 Oct. 1274 (2)'; I Nov. 1289 (7) ; 15 Nov.
1295 (12); and began — 29 Sept. 1276, 1277 (4); 29 Sept. 1290 (8); 6 Oct.
1276 (3); 20 Nov. 1298 (14); .and 13 Dec 1301 (16). Lastly, by the
same rule, the 22nd year ended and the 23rd year began on the same
day^ viz. 30 Sept. 1294 (10).
As already stated, the same use of terms for such a year ending, or
such a year beginning, obtained under other kings. The public records
positively swarm with these year-dates, and the few here selected are
put forth in mere illustration of a fact which any one can test for himself
if so disposed. Taken alone, the next extract (19) would seem to imply
that the 21st year oi Hen. II L began on the eve of SS. Simon 2LTi6,Judey
or the 27th of October, instead of beginning (as it actually did) on the
1 54 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
feast-day itself. By the three following (20-22) the respective regnal
years of the same king are said to begin 29 Sept. and 20 Oct. in 1246,
and 30 Sept. in 125 1. From these, as well as those before recited, it is
plain that the addition oi finiente or incipiente has for the most part no
further meaning than to clearly indicate the regnal year intended. In
one case (25) the word "intrante" is used in the same sense, as
explained by the note appended. The year of Our Lord 1268, even so
late as 27 May, is described (23) as " beginning," though the date is two
months after its actual commencement according to the computation of
the Church (25 March).
19. " Compotus Walteri de Kyrham per visum et testimonium WilPi
27 Oct. de Haverhulle de receptis ejusdem ab Invencione Sancte Crucis anno
1236. XX**. usque ad vigiliam apostolorum Simonis et Jude anno incipiente xxf,
utraque die computata." (3 May to 27 Oct. 1236)
\Pipe Rol\ 20 Hen, III. Rot. 2, membr. i dorso]
In Com. Lane'
20. " Compotus Thom' de Staunforde et Roberti de Creppinge a festo
29 Sept sancti Mich, anno xxx^ incipiente xxxj usque ad Pasch' anno xxxij.
1246. scilicet per j. ann' et dimid\" (29 Sept. 1246 to 19 April 1248)
\Pipe Roily 31 Hen, III. Rotulo compotorum]
20 Oct. 21. " Placita et Assise capte apud Lancastr* a die sancti Michaelis in tres
'^"* septimanas anno regni Regis Henr* filii Regis Joh'is tricesimo incipi-
ente tricesimo primo coram R. de Thurkelby et sociis suis."
M I
[Assize Roll (Lancaster) 3 > i]
30 Sept, 22. " Placita Assisarum de comitatu Ebor' in crastino sancti Michaelis
125 1. coram . . . justic' itinerant' anno r. r. H. xxxv*°. incipiente xxxvf°.^^
[Assize Rollsy Various, «° 119 ; vice Coram Rege^ Hen, III. n" 88.]
23. "Anno ab Incarnacione Domini J/°. CO, Sexagesimo octavo
27 May incipiente ad Pentecosten ita convenit inter Saerum de Sutton' ex una
**"**• parte et Joh'm filium Martini de Otringham et Sibillam filiam Remigii
de Pokelinton' ex altera." N \
[Assise Roll (52 Hen. III.) i [ i. m. 36.]
2)
f The year 1268 began on 25 March, and Pentecost fell on 27 May.
24. " Compotus . . . scutagii de excercitu Regis Scocie anno primo
10 Oct. Regis hujus in Com. Lancastr* . . . a x«». die Octobris anno xf", finiente
'337- . . . usque xvj. diem Febr* proximo sequen' quo die " etc. (10 Oct. 1337
to 16 Feb. 1337-8).
[Exch. Lay Subsidies (Lancashire)— 5?]
4
26. "Dat* apud Yevele die Dominica proxima post festum Conver-
27 Jan. sionis Sancti Pauli anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum
I352-3" vicesimo septimo intrante,^^ [Chancery, Ancient Deeds. B 6350.]
EDWARD THE FIRST 1 55
^ The feast of the Conversion of S. Paul (25 January) was the first
day of Edward the Third's regnal year, and the Sunday after that feast
in his 27th year was 27 January 1352-3.
26. "De exitibus Escaetrie Regis in Comitatibus^ Bed' Buk' Cant*
et Hunt' a sextodecimo die Decembris anno xlix^.finiente usque sextum- lyj^,
decimum diem Decembris proximum sequentem videlicet per unum —
annum int.egrum." (16 Dec. 1375 to 16 Dec. 1376) '37o-
[Enrolled Escheaiors* Accounls (V2Lrious Counties), n^ 17,
4SEdw. III. to I Rlc. II.]
% The 49th year oi Edw. III. ended 24 January 1375-6.
It is manifestly bold to deduce from a single sentence the conclusion
above quoted (p. 149) as to the commencement of Edwards regnal
years ; but to pass from the particular to the general, and to pretend
that, because this king appeared to do something, other kings of ^;/^/rt«^
did the same, is a display of even greater daring. Yet this is what
Nicolas has done. " It is evident, from this record," (he says) " that
there was a fraction of a day in computing the regnal years of the Kings
of England." In so pronouncing with all the air of superior knowledge,
he seizes the opportunity to correct lord Coke^ with whom Sir Harris
Nicolas — at no time remarkable (unless his contemporaries have
greatly misreported his habitual style) for excessive modesty — would
scarcely have ventured to measure himself in knowledge, or in fame,
whether regarded as a legal antiquary, or as an antiquarian lawyer.
" Notwithstanding the dictum " of Nicolas^ it is most abundantly clear
that Edwardbegan a new regnal year on a fixed day (20 Nov.) and ended
the previous year on the day preceding (19 Nov.) Since this sheet has
stood in type, more and more instances of this incontrovertible fact have
come to my notice ; but I refrain from pressing them upon the attention
of the reader, being fully convinced that the person, who resists the
evidence here laid before him, is indeed in a hopeless mental condition.
Scarcely was the grave of Henry closed when the whole body of A,D.
prelates and magnates, before the multitude who had flocked into ^272.
Westminster abbey, swore fealty to Edward as their lord and king, and
caused his peace to be again proclaimed. Three days after (23 Nov.) 23 Nov.
the sheriffs in England were commanded to proclaim the king's peace
throughout their several bailiwicks in all cities, boroughs, fairs, markets
and other places ; and to cause it thereafter to be firmly kept by all
under pain of disherison, and losing life or limb, for any infraction.'*^
Writs dated (7 Dec.) at Westminster, by the hand of Walter de Merton 7 Dec.
* These counties were afterwards separated by writ of 26 Nov. i Ric.
II. (1377). Office of Escheator of Beds and Bucks granted to Wallet
Cranefordj that for Cambridge and Huntingdon to Ralph de Wyke,
* Close Roll^ I Edw, I. /w. 11 ; printed in Feeder a^ i. 497, and by
Brady in his History^ ii. Appendix, n" r .
156 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
A,D, chancellor, were issued to the like effect for Ireland ; and the prelates,
1272. earls, barons, knights and freemen of that dominion were enjoined to
take the oath of fealty before commissioners duly appointed for the
purpose. The old seal had been broken immediately after Henrys
death, and a new one ordered to be made, keepers of the king's treasure
and guardians of the realm being appointed in the meantime. Thus
the business of government was conducted in the king's name, exactly
as if he were personally present ; and by public announcement Edward
was made to assert, that on the death of Henry the throne had devolved
to him by hereditary succession, and with the loyal assent of his faithful
magnates.'
Tallage At the beginning of the following year (27 Jan. 1272-3) tallage was
1273 ordered to be assessed ;' and later (18 July 1273), the treasurer and
barons of the exchequer were commanded * to audit the accounts of the
Twentieth, granted during the late king's reign in aid of the Holy Land
(p. 100), and to allow all expenses incurred by the receivers * of that tax,
if such allowances had been authorized by mandate of the archbishop
of York^ R, de Mortimer and Robert Bumel, acting on Edward's behalf
{locum nostrum tenentes). The large sums which the king owed to
foreign merchants were still further increased by his delay in returning
to his own kingdom. The sheriffs were reminded of these debts, and
urged to levy all the king's dues before the feast of S. Laurence (10 Aug.
1273), so as to have them at the exchequer at Westminster on the
morrow of that feast (11 Aug.); because the king was under an obligation
to satisfy his creditors before the 17th of August.* Sums, varying from
twenty marks in Kent to ;^ioo in Yorkshire, are specified. Edward^
1274 writing 9 May 1274 from Limoges, gives evidence himself as to a great
(but indefinite) sum of money in which he was bound to the king of
France^ payment whereof was to be made about Midsummer-day fol-
lowing ; and, beside this, wanting more for his expenses on coming into
France, all money that could be procured from every quarter was to be
sent to Paris to await his arrival there.
* " Cum defuncto jam Celebris memorie domino Henrico rege patre
nostro ad nos regni gubemaculum successione hereditaria ac procerum
regni voluntate et fidelitate nobis prestita sit devolutum." [C/ose Roll^
I Edw, L w. II.]
2 Patent Roll^ i Edw. L m. 18. "De Tallagio assidendo." See also
Close Roll^ 2 Edw, I. m, 14, where is found a strip of parchment, headed
" Persone quibus scribendum est pro Rege."
^ Close Roll^ I Edw. I, m. 6 and m. 5 schedule.
^ On 24 Jan. 1272-3, the king's treasurer and chamberlains were
directed to deliver to Richard de Ripariis (pp. 95, 96), one of the taxors
of the Twentieth in the county of Gloucester, one hundred shillings for
his expenses connected with the same. [Parliamentary IVritSy i. 381]
* See a schedule attached to m, 6 of the Close Roll, 1 Edw. I.
EDWARD THE FIRST 1 57
Roberto Burnel et Quta in magna summa pecunie illustri regi
fratri Josepho de Francie tenemur solvenda circa festum beati
Caunci Johannis Baptiste proximo venturum et eciam
magna summa pecunie indigemus pro expensis nostris cum ad partes
Francie veniemus vobis mandamus quod omnem pecuniam quam de
nostro undique perquirere poteritis contra adventum nostrum Parish ad
nos transmittatis ibidem, Daf Lemovid ix. die Maii anno [regni] nostri 9 May
secundo, [Memoranda {Q.R,\ i & 2 Edw, I. m, 7.] '^74-
Edward remained abroad for the greater part of the second year of Edward's
his reign and returned to England in August 1274, landing at Dover on 'eturn,
the second day of that month .^ Thence he proceeded to Westminster, ^1274?
where he was crowned on Sunday the 19th of August by Robert de Crowned
Kilwardeby archbishop of Canterbury. Even then, in spite of his 19 Aug.
necessities, he did not immediately proceed to tax the nation at large. 1274.
This course was postponed to the following year.
The first parliament — which assembled at Westminster 22 April
1275 — after enacting the * Statute of Westminster the First,' granted
to the king (on Sunday the feast of S. Dunstan^ 19 May), for himself |g ^^
and his heirs, custom in all ports throughout England, Wales and 1275.
Ireland, namely ; half a mark upon every sack of wool, half a mark Custom
upon every 300 skins (or woolfells), and one mark upon every last of S^"^^^*
leather.' In the next parliament, holden also at Westminster on the
13th of October following, the prelates, earls, barons and commonalty ^3 Oct.
granted a Fifteenth of all moveable goods toward the relief of the prf ''^'.u
king's estate (ad relevacionem status nostri\ as recited in the writ ; ' or, granted,
in other words, for payment of Edward^s debts contracted in the Holy
Land, and for staying the importunity of his numerous creditors.''
* So by the Close Roll^ 2 Eaw, I. m, 5, quoted by Sir Harris Nicolas
(Chronology of History^ 2nd edition, p. 292) ; and by the Patent Roll
2 Edw. I. /». 9.
2 The * Statutes of Jewry,' left of " uncertain date " in Statutes of the
Realmyi, 221, were published before 24 May 1275, the date of a writ
commanding the lands of d^fewry debtor to be valued. The return then
made (Chancery Inq. 3 Edw, I. n° 38) has words, unde secundum statuta
domini 'R^tgisfudeo qui debitum exigity which distinctly point to N° 3 of
these Statutes (see below, note 2, p. 173).
' Printed in Parliamentary Writs^ i. 3 (12).
^ " In quindena Sancti Michaelis proximo sequente convocatis
generaiiter apud Westmon' tocius regni magnatibus habi toque cum
ipsis diffusiore tractatu dominus rex voluntarie vel invite laycos et
clericos universos et singulos tocius regni sui precum interveniente
precedencia prudenter induxit quod de omnibus bonis suis tempo-
ralibus partem sibi quintamdecimam concesserunt quo sumptus in
estimabiles quos fecerat in Syria recuperaret et inportunas creditorum
exacciones soluta pecunia mitigaret." \Ann» Mon, (T. Wykes), iv. 265]
158 LANCASHIRE LAV SUBSIDIES
By I he king's letters,' dated 24 Oct. 127J, certain persons, enjoined
to act under the advice of a superior specially nominated, were assigned
in the several counties to value and tax the Fifteenth of moveable goods,
lately granted in Parliament, according to the form delivered to them,
but which is not now found to be upon record. The money so levied
was to be laid up in ihe places directed for the purpose, until further
order should be had therein. For Cumberland and Lancashire were
appointed Ranulf de Acre and WilUam de Herlaine, with Geoffrty de
Neitille as their superior ; and the place in which the money was to
be temporarily deposited was Carlisle priory. The amount raised in
Lancashire was ^965 \s. loi/., as seen in the Account below. Of this
sum, /'300 were received by Guncelin de Badeksmere'^ justiciar of
Cheshire; and ^660 by the merchants of Lucca, leaving due a balance
of Ls '•'■ lorf These particulars are set out in the inrolments of
Accounts, from which the following extracts are taken : —
ROTULUa compotoruin Quintedecime domino Regi E.
filio Regis H. tercJi concesse per Angliam ct assesse
anno regni sui tercio.
Lancastre
Nich's du Le' collector xv""" in hoc Com' r, comp. de
DCCCC. Ixv. li. xxij. d. rcccptis de eadem xv°* in hoc
Com'sicut continetur in Rotulo de particiiUs quern Ran'
de Dacre et Will's de Herelawe asscs.sores ejusdem xv""
' See the said letters printed in Parliiimmtary Writs, i. 3 (12).
- Many years after, the abbot of C/iaicr was called to account for
the 15th [here, by error, named r4ih], tjranted in 3 Edw. I. by the
commonalty of the county. He denied his liability, and said that
Goncellyne de Badlesmere, then justiciar of Chester, collected the tax
in question. A commission issued, and inquiry was thereupon made
on Sunday after the feast of S. Matthew Apostle 28 Edw. L (25 Sept.
1300). \Harl. MS. 2060, p. 60.]
' Mention is made in Pipe Roll, 24 Hen. IlL, under Lancastr', of
Henry de Le, who held of the king, between " Ribble" and " Merse,"
five carucales of land. Thotnas de Coupmanwra was appointed Es-
cheator of Lancashire, in the room of Jnhn de Lee, removed o
of age and infirmity [Close Rnfl. 39 Hen. III. 111. io>.
I
EDWARD THE FIRST
'59
: Com' lib. in th'o. In ih'o nich. Et Guncelino de
Badelesmcrc justiciario Cestr' CCC li. de medietate xv"*
per breve Regis de quibus idem Guncclinus respondet
infra. Et Egidiode Audenard' Reynero Magiar' et sociis
suis mcrcatoribus de Luk' DC Ix. H. de quibus iidem
Egid' ct Bonr' Walter! mere' Luk' respondent in compote
suo de eadem xv'°' in Rotulo vij" in R" compotorum Et
deb. C. j. s. X. d.
I Guncclinus de Badele.smere justic' Cestr' debet CCC. li.
reccptis [recepias] de Nich'o de Le de xv"" sicut supra
continetur set respondet in compote suo' de exitibus
ville et Com' Cestr' in R" viij"!!! R" compotorum,
[Exc/i. L.T-R. Foreign Accounts, Roll n" i, Ro. lo.]
De quinta decima per Egidium de Audenar[d]' et
Mercatores de Luk'
COMPOTUS Egidii de Audenard' nuper custodis Turris
Lond' Baruncini Walter! pro se et Reinero Magiar" et
aliis sociis suis mercatoribus de Luk' de xv"'. regis de
tempore quo iidem Egidius et mercatores fuerunt
receptores ejusdem xv" in diversis Comitatibus per breve
Regis.=
I ix>EM r. comp. de M', M'. DCC. xll. li. iij. s. et iiij. d. receptis
de eadem xv'. in Com. Kane' per manus Will'i de
Valoines tunc vie. et collectoris ejusdem xv'. in eodem
Com. et per manus Ad' clerici ipslus vie. sicut continetur in
quodam Rotulo de xv". quem predicti liberaverunt in th'o.
Et de M'. Dlxxvij. li. vij. s. et iiij. d. receptis per eundem
Egid' de .vv". in Com. Oxon' et Berk' per manus Henr*
de Shottesbroke collectoris etc.
Et de CC Ixix. li. vj. s. etviij.d. dexv'. in Com. Westmerl'
per manus Mich' de Arcla tunc vie. et collectoris in eodem
' See reference to this Account under Scutage of Wales (p. 162).
- See Tower. Miscellaneous Rolls, 19/17. " Rotuliis de qiiiniadecima
mercatoribus de Luca deliberanda.'' [Second Report, App. ii. 54]
l6o LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Com. sicut continetur ibidem. Et [de] DC. Ix. li. receptis
de XV.* in Com. Lane' per manus Henr' de Le tunc vie. et
coUeetoris in eodem Com. sicut continetur ibidem. Et de
CCCC. iiij". li. receptis de xv*. in Com. Cumberl' per
manus Joh* de Swineburne tunc vie. et collectoris [in eodem
Com.] sicut continetur ibidem. Et de DCCC. et xl. li.
receptis de xv*. in Com. NorthumberF per manus Job' de
Lythegreines tunc vie. et collectoris in eodem Com. sicut
continetur ibidem. Et de etc.
Summa — xxxviij. mill. DCCCiii>*\ li. viij. s. liij. d. et
ob. In th*ro nich. Et Joh'i de Solins et sociis
suis mercatoribus de Caurte CCC. mar. per breve Regis
Et etc. [enumerating payments and allowances, until]
Et quieti sunt.
\Pipe Roily 7 Edw. I. Rotulo compotorum.]
^(utag^' of aBaU0
for the army of the fifth year
assessed in the seventh year at forty shillings the fee.
(*)
After his coronation had been celebrated at Westminster abbey in
19 Aug. the second year of his reign (19 Aug. 1274), Edward^ required Llewelyn
1274. prince of Wales to come and do homage to himself, as superior lord.
Not appearing within a year, Llewelyn was summoned to be at Chester
in fifteen days after the feast of the Assumption B.V.M. in the third
29 Aug, year (29 Aug. 1275), for the purpose of doing fealty to the king for his
J 275- land in Wales. Having repeatedly failed to attend at various dates, for
which he had again and again received warning, persuasion was brought
to bear upon him through the archdeacon of Canterbury^ who had been
with the king's leave especially deputed in this behalf by the prelates
* No documents found for Lancashire.
^ These particulars are set out in detail on the Close Roily 4 Edw, I^
m. I dorso, from which they are printed in Rymer's Foedera^ i. 535.
EDWARD THE FIRST
i6i
d magnates. Still he remained obstinate, aiTecting to agree, but putting
forward fresh and fresh excuses. At length, in a great Council or Parlia-
ment, holden at Westminster on the 13th of October 1176, LUv/elyn^
signified by letter then presented, that he would come to Montgomery,
or Whitchurch, and do homage to Edward upon certain conditions,
the principal of which were ; — that the king should confirm the treaty
of peace made between Henry III. a.T\A himself, any deficiency therein
contained to be supplied ; and should give up lo him, for his wife,
Eleanor, daughter of ihe late Simon dfe Monlfort, Upon due delibera-
tion it was agreed, by ihe advice of the prelates, earls, barons and
others, that the king should not listen to IJenvelyfs demands, or admit
his excuses ; but that all who held of the king in capite should be
summoned to be at Worcester by Midsummer-day following (24 June
1177), ready for an expedition Into Wales, unless meanwhile it should
seem to Edward that greater haste was necessary, in which case reason-
able notice should be given. Accordingly writs to that effect were issued
within a short time ; but, first, precautions were taken to guard the
counties adjoining Wales which were liable to invasion, and had already
suffered from hostilities. William de Beaucbamfi earl of IVrtra/ici;
was assigned (16 Nov. 1276) captain to this end in Cheshire and
Lancashire, and Ro^er de Mortimer in the counties of Salop, Stafford
and Hereford ; all the king's lieges being enjoined to assist these
commanders by every means in their power, and ;o receive them in
castles, towns and strong places, in the same way as if the king himself
were present in person. Then by a series of writs, all bearing date
12 Dec. 1276, the great earls and all other military tenants of the crown
were summoned to assemble at Worcester in the Octave of S. John
Baptist following f 1 July 1277), ready with horses and arms 10 go against
IJejuelyn and his accomplices in rebellion. The sheriffs throughout
England, after a general staicment inlorming them as 10 the causes of
the expedition, were commanded upon sight of the king's letters to cause
immediate proclamation to be made, thai all who held of the king in
chief, and were able to bear arms, should be at Worcester on the day
fixed (I July I277)i equipped in all points for the campaign in Wales.
All who were unfit to bear arms were to send in their room efficient
substitutes to perform the service due to the king. Like writs of
summons were on the same date issued to the archbishops and other
prelates, requiring them to have (h^r service at Worcester in like
The Roll of Summons of the king's army in this expeditii
proffers of service made ai Worcester, Carmarthen and Chester, from ""'
the first to the 15th of July 1277, have been printed at length by i-isJiit
' This name is frequently written LleaitUyn, but more accurately
Uewelyn.
' All the writs are printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 193-196.
1 62 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Pcdgrave} Edward thereupon entered Wales from Cheshire and, en-
listing to his aid the country people in the Marches, drove Llewelyn into
the mountainous regions of Snowdon, where, his supplies being cut off
by the strait commands of Edward^ he was soon reduced to sue for peace.
9 Nov. A treaty, concluded on 9 Nov. 1277, between Llewelyn on his own part,
and Robert de Tibetot on the king's behalf, was ratified by Edward on
the following day (10 Nov.).^
Scutage of Upon his return to London the king took a scutage of forty shillings the
40s. fee from those who held of himself in chief, and had not served personally,
or by substitute, in his expedition.^ This scutage of Wales is answered
for Cheshire in the Pipe Roll.* First comes the Account of Guncelin de
Badlesmere justiciar of Cheshire^ for the issues of the town and county
for one whole year * from 29 Sept. 1276 to 29 Sept. 1277, before he
delivered the office of Chamberlain to his successor {Leoniofilio Leonii\
who proceeds to account a little lower* from Mich. 1277 to Mich. 1280,
that is, for three whole years. Under the heading —
"Scutagium Wall[ie] anno \^ scuto assesso ad xl. s."
Guncelin accounts for seventy fees and the twentieth part of one fee, the
equivalent in money being set down as ;£i4o 2s. : but (he proceeds) he
ought not to be summoned, because it is contained in the king's writ,
that the king's men of the county of Chester did their service in the
army in Wales, and more than that service at the king's request'; and
^Parliamentary Writs^ i. 197-213. The only name (that I notice)
specifically assigned to Lancashire is Robert de Gredley who acknow-
ledged the service of two knights' fees for his barony.
'Carte's (Tho.) General History of England^ ii. 187.
' See Annates Monastici (ed Luard), iv. 274 (Chronicon Tho. Wykes) ;
and Madox (Thomas) — History of the Exchequer^ i. 645, where the
king's writ, dated 16 Feb. 7th year (1278-9) and directed to the barons
of the exchequer, is quoted at length from Memoranda (Z. T. /?.;,
Communia^ Easter 7 Edw, I. Ro. 4 a.
* Pipe Roll^ 8 Edw, I. Undecimus Rotulus compotorum.
* " a festo Sancti Michaelis anno v*° incipiente usque ad idem festum
anno vj*" incipiente." Observe Sir Harris Nicola^s participle used in
the sense before explained (p. 151), and not as he would have us believe.
* " a festo Sancti Michaelis anno vj*"» incipiente usque ad idem festum
anno viij finiente." See the previous note.
' " quod homines Regis de comitatu Cestrie fecerunt Regi servicium
suum Regi debitum in excercitu predicto et plus quam idem servicium
ad rogatum Regis Et quod Barones de Scaccario eosdem homines de
scutagio suo de feodis militum que habent infra comitatum predictum de
predicto excercitu quietos esse fac[erent]."
\Pipe Roll, 8 Edw. 1. (as above)]
EDWARD THE FIRST 163
that the barons of the exchequer should cause those men to be quit
of their scutage for the knights' fees which they have within the said
county.
This scutage was answered for other counties in the Pipe Roll of the
previous year (7 Edw, I.). As to Lancashire, there is an entry in the
Pipe Roll, 12 Edw. I., which shows under Lancastr' that the Scutage
of Wales, assessed in the seventh year, is not set down here, because
Edmund the king's brother has the fees of the HONOUR of Lancaster
by the gift of the late king Henry : —
" Scutagium WalHe assessum anno vij. non annotatur hie
quia Edmundus frater Regis habet feoda Honoris Lane' de
dono Regis Henriei."
By charter dated 30 June in the 51st year of his reign (1267), 30 June
Henry IIL granted to Edmund his son (inter alia) the Honour, '2^7«
earldom, castle and town of Lancaster, and all demesne lands in the
county, &c. To have and to hold the same with knights' fees and other
things to him and the heirs of his body, with reversion (in default of
issue) to the king or his heirs. Witness the inrolment : —
" Rex etc Sciatis nos dedisse etc. Edmundofilio nostro karissimo
Honorem Com, ei Casirum et villam de Lancastr^ et omnia dominica
nostra que sunt in Com, Lane, cum vaccariis etc. Habenda et tenenda
eidem Edmundo et heredibus suis de corpore suo legittime procreatis de
nobis et heredibus nostris cum feodis militum etc. Dot per manum
nostram apud Scmctum Paulum London^ tricesimo die Junii.
[Charter Roll, 51 Hen, IIL (n° 61) m, 4.]
Scutage' of Wialta
of the tenth year
assessed at forty shillings the fee.
(*)
Certain Welsh malefactors' assaulted Hawardyn castle by night a,D,
and took prisoner Roger de Clifford with others, killing some of them, 1282.
' No documents found for Lancashire.
* The king's writ {Pari. Writs, i. 222) says merely " quidam male-
factores Walenses ; " but, according to Matthew of Westminster (Flores
Historiarum, ed. 1601, p. 410, n'* 50) Llewelyn and Dan;id his brother
were the leaders in this affair.
M 2
I64 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
^./>. and burning the buildings. Others went to the castle of Flint, burning
1282. and slaying there in like manner, besides committing other homicides
and enormities in those parts. Edward^ hearing of these flagrant
25 March misdeeds, appointed (25 March 1282) captains for the pursuit and
capture of these malefactors, and for the defence of the counties neigh-
bouring to Wales, namely ; Roger de Mortimer in the counties of Salop,
Worcester, Stafford, Hereford and Gloucester ; Reginald de Grey
(justiciar of Cheshire) in the parts of Cheshire and Flint, to whom all
sheriffs and others in the counties of Chester, Lancaster, Westmoreland,
Derby and Flint were commanded to be aiding and assisting to the
extent of their ability, in whatsoever should be made known to them on
the king's behalf. Robert de Tibetot was made captain in West Wales,
but shortly after (10 April) superseded in his command by Gilbert de
Clare earl of Gloucester and Hertford {Pari, IVrits, i. 124). These
persons, so nominated as captains, were directed to send a report of
what had been done by them to the king at Devizes ; where, in eight
days after Easter (5 April), he intended to hold a council and to devise a
due remedy for the occasion.
Writs of military summons were thereafter issued, bearing date 6 April
6 April 1282, and addressed to the great earls and other military tenants of the
crown ; ordering them to muster at Worcester on Whitsunday following
17 May (17 May), in readiness to go with the king, and in his pay {ad vadia
nostra)^ on an expedition against the said Welsh traitors and rebels. By
later writs of 20 and 24 May, a further muster was appointed at
Rhuddlan on Sunday the second of August, the morrow of the feast of
S. Peter ad vincula. Subsequently (22 June) the king, understanding
that there was in the kingdom a deficiency of war-horses, whereby many
could not do the service that they otherwise would, enjoined all the
sheriffs to cause public proclamation to be made, that all those who
had not horses fit for arms might (if it seemed expedient to themselves)
come before the day fixed, or send deputies, to fine with the king for
their service* The musters (except in the case of prelates and religious
men) for those who owed service in the counties of Dorset, Somerset,
Devon and Cornwall, were altered from Rhuddlan, on the second of
2 Aug. August, to Carmarthen for the same day which was a Sunday. William
le Butiller of Werenton (Warrington) was sent by the king into
Lancashire to choose one thousand men for the army in Wales, and all
bailiffs and others had it in command from the king (30 July) to assist
him in such election.
Two rolls of the king's service, summoned at Rhuddlan on the second
of August 1282, followed by proffers made on the three days following
3-5 Aug. (firom 3 to 5 August), are printed from the originals (formerly in the
* See the series of writs printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 222-227.
EDWARD THE FIRST 165
Tower) by Palgrave in Parliamentary Writs (i. 228-243). ^X ^^^ second
ot these it is found, that Edmund the king's brother acknowledged
(236a) his service to be done, by himself and his knights, for lands held
of the king in the counties of Lancaster and Leicester ; but, as it was not
clear what precise quantity was due, Edward gave him respite until the
first of November following, in order that in the meantime he might
certify thereupon. And the king g^nted that, if more service were done
than was actually owing, such excess should not hereafter be taken to
his ("-ff^/^wm/^ prejudice. Of others connected with this county, there
are named Margery de Ros (230a, 238b) who fined for three parts of one
fee ; John de Bella Aqua (or Bellew\ who took to wife one of the heirs
of Peter de BruSy acknowledged (236b) the service of one fee ; Sir
William de Undeseye (240b), also of one fee ; and John de Lenham
(242a), the eighth part of one fee.
Scutage was afterwards granted to those who had done service with
the king's army in Wales, as recorded in a " Scutage-roll," from 13 to
18 Edw, L,* entitled :—
" Scutagium a Rege Edwardo concessum hiis qui fecerunt
servicia sua in excercitu ipsius Regis Wallie anno regni
ejusdem Regis decimo."
Here are mentioned, as having had scutage allowed to them in the
county (among others) of Lancaster, Henry de Lacy^ earl of Lincoln
(m, 3^, Margaret (here Margareta) or Margery de Ros {m, 2) who made
fine as above stated (line 10), and Edmund the king's brother.
This " Second Scutage of Wales " is answered in the Pipe Roll of the
fifteenth year for the several counties under the heading : —
" Secundum scutagium Wallie Regis hujus videlicet de
anno x" scuto assesso ad xl. s. sicut continetur in Rotulo vij'."
[Pipe Roll, I S Edw. L]
For the reason given above (p. 163) there is nothing charged on
Lancashire ; and the explanation is repeated at a later date, in much
the same words as before : —
" Scutagium Wallie assessum anno x. prout continetur in
Rotulo XV. non annotatur hie quia Edmundus frater Regis
habuit tunc feoda Honoris Lane' de dono Regis Henrici."
[Pipe Roll, 35 Edw. L]
* Miscellaneous Rolls (Chancery), ii/io, or Bundle 11, n' 10 (Second
Report, App. ii. 56). The first entry is dated 23 June 13th year (1285),
a,nd the latest, 20 Nov. i8th year (1289). See note 5, p. 143.
l66 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
(*)
A* 11° I n a general assembly which met on the 20th of January
Edw. I. J_ 1282-3 at York, for counties North of Trent, the knights,
freemen and commonalty of Lancashire granted to the king
20 Jan. a Thirtieth of their moveable goods in aid of his expedition
1282-3. undertaken, and then in progress, against Llewelyn ^ prince of
Wales and David his brother.
^./>, The king wrote letters,^ dated 19 June 1282, to the sheriffs, citizens,
1282. burgesses, &c. of all counties (except Cornwall), informing them ; that he
19 June had sent to them John de Kirkeby on a special mission from himself, with
oral instructions to which they were to give full credence : and that the
same John had been enjoined to report without delay in writing their
answer and will in the matter. All abbots, priors and religious men in
the several counties (save Cornwall, as before) received like commands on
the same day, when also for the same purpose Walter de Agmondesham
was associated m\hJohn de Kirkeby. That the object was to beg for aid
20 Dec. in money is shown by the tenor of subsequent letters addressed (20 Dec.
1282) to the same sheriffs and others, which plainly state thsit John de
Kirkeby had been lately sent to divers parts of the kingdom, for begging
and obtaining an aid to the king's use {quern nufier misimus ad diversas
partes regni nostri pro subsidio ad opus nostrum petendo et optinendd)}
Certain Chancery clerks (four in number) were now deputed by John de
Kirkeby to see that the money forthcoming from such subsidy should be
levied and fully paid ; and all persons concerned were commanded to
assist these clerks in doing whatsoever they should be enjoined on the
king's behalf.^ About a month before this latter date, the king being
24 Nov. then (24 Nov. 1282) at Rhuddlan, two great assemblies had been sum-
moned to meet : one at Northampton, for counties south of Trent ;
the other, at York, for those north of Trent, which comprised the counties
of York, Cumberland, Westmoreland, Northumberland, and Lancaster.
Whereas Llewelyn^ son of Griffin and other Welshmen had so often in
' No documents found for Lancashire.
' This name is frequently written Llewellyn^ but more accurately
Llewelyn,
» Printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 384 (10). ^ Ibid. i. 387 (18).
EDWARD THE FIRST 1 67
time past disturbed the peace of the kingdom, and still persevered in
their wicked and rebellious course, Edward announced his resolution, by
the aid of God — although the task seemed difficult — to finally destroy
their power for further mischief, and by that means to secure the lasting
tranquillity of his own realm. All persons fit for arms who had lands
beyond twenty pounds in yearly value, and were not already with him in
his Welsh expedition, were to assemble at one of the places above
named, together with four knights of every shire, and two men from
every city and borough ; with full power, in every instance, to represent
their respective commonalties, in order to hear and do what should be
shown to them on the part of the king.* By letters, dated 20 January
(1282-3), the clergy of the provinces of Canterbury (at Northampton) and
York (at York) were convoked for the same end.'
By the knights, freemen and commonalty in the two assemblies at A.D,
Northampton and at York, a Thirtieth was granted to the king of such 1282-3.
moveable goods as they had on the 20th of January (1282-3) ; with the 20 Jan.
exception' of treasure, riding-horses, beds, robes (or gowns), vessels,
utensils, geese, capons, hens, bread, wine, ale, wax, and all manner of
viands, in the case of such as were not burgesses, or traders. All the
goods and moveables of these last-named were to be taxed as before done
when aid was granted to the king's ancestors. Those with the king who
took his money were to contribute towards the Thirtieth. Nothing,
however, was to be raised upon the proper goods of archbishops or
bishops, but only upon the goods of their free tenants and villains. All
citizens, burgesses, religious men and others, who had made an aid to
the king before yi?A« de Kirkeby^ were to have allowance in the Thirtieth
for so much as they had paid, provided they could show due acquittance ;
but all their goods were to be valued and taxed, so nevertheless, that
nothing should be taken from religious men save for temporality only.
The clergy must therefore have paid, like the laity, a thirtieth of
temporal goods, in spite of the distinction drawn by Walsingham^ who
says (the passage is quoted by Brady in his History^ ii. 96) : — " Hoc
anno regi conceditur k populo in subsidium gwerrae suae tricesima et k
clero vicesima pars bonorum."* Now the king himself writes (15 April ^5 April
1283) to the archbishop of Canterbury in these words : — "Et volumus et 1283.
concedimus . . . quod presens subvencio iricesime de bonis tenen-
cium vestrorum,* " etc; and again, addressing the abbot of Glastonbury^
» Printed in Parliamentary Writs ^ i. 10 (i). ' /^-^ (2).
' The actual words in Norman- French are these : — " Forpris tresor
chivauchure liz robes vessele ustiz owes chapuns gelines payn vyn
cerveyse cirre e tute manere de viaundes prestes e purvues as prudes
hommes del Reaume ke ne sunt burgees ne marchaunts.'' {Parliamentary
IVrits, i. 12 (10).]
* Anglica Scripta (Camden), 51, n. 40; Francofurti, 1603, folio.
* See the king's letter at length in Parliamentary IVrits^ i. 14 (16).
l68 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
he mentions the thirtieth part as having been liberally granted.' After
victory had been gained over Uewelyn^ the expenses incurred in the
expedition, and the necessity of keeping and assuring the safety of those
parts of Wales, led to an application for a subsidy to the clergy, who'
thereupon granted to Edward a, twentieth part of their ecclesiastical
goods for two years ; the first term of payment to be on the feast of S.
Martin (ii Nov.) 1284.
The king gave * (18 March 1282-3) to Henry de Neuwerk archdeacon
of Richmond^ and to Thomas de Normanville^ the power of assigning
at their discretion certain persons in the counties of York, Lancaster,
Westmoreland, Cumberland and Northumberland, to assess and collect
the Thirtieth granted on account of the Welsh expedition. The taxors
A,D, and collectors so appointed for Lancashire were commanded by the
1283. king's writ,* dated at " Aberconewey in Snaudone " 4 June 1283, to have
the money coming from a moiety of the said thirtieth at Chester in
8 July fifteen days after Midsummer-day (8 July), for delivery to the constable
of the castle, where it was to remain until further order should be
13 Oct, made. The other moiety was to be ready by the 13th of October
following.
A very elaborate Accompt of the receipts and expenses connected
with this expedition is sewn up with the Pipe Roll of the 19th year ;
from which it appears that the collectors of the Thirtieth in Lanca-
shire were Adam de Houton and Robert de HoyP^ who answered for
;^4oi i8j. \Q\d, From a statement of arrearages which are entered in
another Pipe Roll (16 Edw, I.), it is found that this county con-
tributed to the tax a further sum of £jl 6j. \d,\ making ;C479 4^. "i^-
in all.
First, then, comes the Accompt by William of Louthy keeper of the
king's wardrobe, of receipts and expenses in the expedition into Wales
against Llewelyn (son of Griffin) then prince of Wales and David his
brother, from Palm-sunday (22 March) 1 281-2 up to 20 Nov. 1284, and
including some part of the 13th year. The total receipt is set down at
;^io2,62i ay. 4//., and the total expenses (within the range of the accompt)
at ;£9o,248 los. o\d. ; thus leaving a balance of ;^i 2,372 los. ^^d, to be
carried forward.' Attached to this Accompt are two narrow schedules :
* Printed in Parliamentary Writs ^ i. 14 (16).
* " Qui precibus nostris favorabiliter annucns in hac parte vicesimam
bonorum suorum ecclesiasticorum biennalem ad exoneracionem debi-
torum illorum concessit liberaliter et benigne." [^Memoranda, Q.R.
(n" 10) 12 & 13 Edw, I. m, 5 dorso]
' Printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 14(15).
* Tower. Miscellaneous Rolls, n" 19/18, w. 2 dorso. [Second Report,
App. ii. 56]
' See further accompts of the same William continued on this roll,
with a final reference to Pipe Roll, 21 Edw. I. " Rotulo compotorum."
EDWARD THE FIRST 169
I. giving the receipts of the Thirtieth from citizens, burgesses and
religious men, amounting in the whole to ;Ci6,533 ys, 6d.; of which
the mayor and citizens of London paid ;£4,ooo ; mayor and burgesses
of Chester^ £i2'j 6j. Zd,; abbot of Chester^ £\^ 6s, Sd, ; burgesses of
Bristol^ £6S3 loj. od.y and so forth; 2. the receipts from fines for
military service, which reached the total of ;£2,959 2s. 2d.
Next, Philip de Wilugby accounts for arrearages of the Thirtieth
received in all counties from Thursday 6 July 1284 to Wednesday
18 May 1289 ; the whole amount being ;£8,4i7 14s. 7^.
I. Receipts and expenses of the king's expedition into Wales, from
10 to 13 Edw, I. (128 1/2-1 284): —
COMPOTUS Magistri WilFi dfe Luda Custodis Garderobe
Regis de receptis et misis in expedicione ejusdem Regis in
partibus Wallie super Lewelinum filium Griffini tunc Prin-
cipem Wallie et David fratrem ejus a die dominica in Ramis
Palmarum anno x^ usque festum Sancti Edmundi Regis
anno xiij®. incipiente et quadam parte anni xiij. per contra-
rotulum Thome Gunneys exhibitum per manus Walteri de
Langeton' clerici sui post mortem suam.
Idem r. comp. de M^.M^M^ DC. li. rec. de thesauro Regis
per idem tempus videlicet per manus fratris Ric'i Abbatis
Westm' tunc Thes. et Camerar. M^.MIM^ D. li. et per manus
Grimbaldi Pauncefote C. li. Et de etc,
« « « « «
♦ « « « « «
« « « « «
Et de M^ C. xxxiij. li. di. mar. rec. de Johanne de Lithegr'
collectore tricesime in com. Ebor' De quibus per manus
mercatorum Luk' CCCC. Ixvj. li. j. mar. et resid' per manus
^W. de Luda. Et de CCCC.j. li. xviij. s. x. d. ob. rec.
de Adam de Houton' et Roberto de Hoyl' collectoribus tri-
cesime in com. Lane, per manus W. de Perton. Et de
M^.M^.M^ CCCC. Ixxj. li. xj. s. viij. d. ob. rec. de P. de la
Mare coll. tricesime in diversis com. De quibus per manus
mercatorum de Luk' M^.M*. CC. H. et resid' per manus W. de
Luda. Et de etc.
170 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Summa tocius recepte — Cij. Mill. DC xxj. li. iiij. d.
In th'o nich' Et diversis Banerettis etc.
Summa misarum — iiij"x. Mill. CC. xlviij. li. x. s. ob.
Et deb. xij. M^. CCC Ixxij. li. x. s. iij. d. ob. Et r. in comp.
suo de eadem Garderoba de anno xvj.
\Pipe Roll, 19 Edw. I. Rotulo compotorum.]
2. Arrearages of the Thirtieth received in all counties, 12 to 17 Edw.l.
( 1 284-1 289) : —
COMPOTUS Ph'i de Wilugby pro se et Ran' de Dacre et
Gregor* de Rokesle de receptis suis de arreragiis tricesime
apud Turrim London' a die Jovis in Octabis Apostolorum
Petri et Pauli anno xij^ usque diem Mercurii in vigilia Ascen-
cionis Domini anno xvij. per visum et testimonium et con-
trarotulum Hug' de Dunstaple et Nicholai de Ocham clerici
Scaccarii de Recepta.
Idem r. comp. de DCC. iiij". v. li. xvij. s. x. d. inventis in
thesauro apud Turrim Lond' dicto die Jovis quo die dictus
Nich's incepit esse visor et contrarotulator Recepte predicte
sicut continetur in Rotulo de particulis quem predictus Hugo
liberavit in thesauro Et de C.iiij'^*. xviij. li. xviij. s. ob.
receptis de eisdem arreragiis in Com. Norh't'
Et de Ixxvij. li. vj. s. j. d. receptis de eisdem de Com. Lancastr*
per manus Ade de Houton' et socforum suorum sicut con-
tinetur ibidem Et de etc.
Summa — ^viij. M^ CCCC. xvij. li. xiiij. s. vij. d. In th'o
n' Et Reynero de Luk' et sociis suis mercatoribus de Luk'
etc. [Pipe Roll, 16 Edw, 1. Rotulo compotorum.]
EDWARD THE FIRST I7I
n ^ituenW of fiHohtaWe aioo]»0
payable in moieties at Easter
and Michaelmas in the years 1291 and 1292.
(*)
In a Parliament which was summoned to meet at West- A° 18"
minster 15 July 1290, the archbishops, bishops, abbots, ^' '
priors, earls, barons, knights and others granted to the king a 1290.
Fifteenth part of their moveable goods, in consideration of
the banishment of the Jews from England.
The connection between the grant of a Fifteenth and the banish-
ment of the Jews is asserted with entire confidence by the monastic
annalists ; and, although the king's writs relating to the tax are wholly
silent on this point, their statement is completely verified by an inci-
dental allusion to the exceptions allowed in a Thirtieth granted in the
34th year : that, in taxing goods, all those were to be excepted which
were excepted in the Fifteenth granted to the king in the i8th year of
his reign " on account of the banishment of the Jews." -
The edict promulgated on this occasion by Edward has not been
recorded ; or, if recorded, has hitherto escaped notice.^ That such a
decree was issued there can be no doubt whatever ; and the date of its
publication, no less than its tenor, may be inferred from a vivid descrip-
tion penned by the monk who wrote the Annals of Oseney* for the
year 1290. Another thing (he says) happened this year, memorable in
every way ; an event not to be silently passed over, but deserving rather
to be registered for everlasting remembrance. The king, about the feast
of the Nativity of S.Jokn Baptist in the summer now last past ' (24 June
1290), after consultation with his magnates in council (as may be believed
with certmnty), caused a proclamation to be made throughout England :
That the /ewSy who had so impoverished the Catholic population by
* No documents found for Lancashire.
' '^Et quod in taxando bona predicta excipiantur omnia que in
taxacione quintededme a communitate regni domino regi anno regni sui
xviij" concesse propter exilium J udeorum fuerunt excepta." ^Memoranda
{JL„T,R\ 33 & 34 Edw. I. Recorda, Ro. 43 ; quoted by Brady in his
Introduction to the Old English History ^ App. 30.]
• The Memoranda of the Exchequer (both Q.R, and L.T.R,) in
17 & 18, and in 18 & 19 Edw, I., have been searched in vain for any
instrument of the kind.
^ See the passage in Annates Monastici (ed. Luard), iv. 326.
* Observe that the story was written at the end of the year ; or, at
furthest, in the winter season immediately succeeding the event narrated.
172 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
A.D. lending money at usury, that some had been driven to sell their lands
1290. and possessions, and to beg their bread from door to door ; notorious
enemies of the Cross and blasphemers of the Christian faith, dwelling
here and there in certain cities and towns, of whatsoever age, sex or con-
dition, should quit the bounds of his kingdom not later than the feast of
I Nov. All Saints next to come (ist, Nov. 1290), and be thenceforward con-
demned to perpetual exile, all hope of return being abandoned. Any of
them found in England after the term fixed should be hanged or be-
headed. All, therefore, being affrighted by the terrible threats held out
in the edict — no exception being made of persons — betook themselves
by various sea-routes to foreign^ countries, carrying such little packs as
they could get together. Some, as common report said, who had em-
barked in vessels from the Cinque Ports, when arrived in mid-channel,
after being robbed of their money, and most inhumanly massacred by
the ships' crews, were thrown into the sea ; others, cast forth upon a
sand-bank which had been left uncovered by the receding tide, were
drowned by the returning flood.
Yet it was to the bailiffs, barons and mariners of these very Cinque
27 July Ports, that the king had written on the 27th of July* last (1290), expressly
willing that no injury should be done, in their property or persons, to
ih^Jews arriving with their wives, children and chattels, at any of these
ports within the term prescribed, but that every step should be taken to
ensure for them a safe and speedy passage. In the matter of freight,
poor/ews were to be spared, and others made to pay according to their
means, but not immoderately ; lest any one by exorbitant and unreason-
able exactions should have his passage hindered or delayed. And all
this was enjoined upon each of them, severally, under pain of heavy
forfeiture in case the /ews should be in any way molested or aggrieved,
or made to suffer any kind of loss. The result has been seen ; and the
monkish writer goes on to say, that the king condemned very many of
those robbers and murderers to be hanged.^
Rymer must have overlooked, if he did not intentionally omit, an
earlier writ,' bearing date 18 July, by which the king ordered the sheriffs
* See the king's letter, printed in Rymer's Fadera^ i. 736.
^ Sir Edward Coke in The Second Part of the Institutes (ed. 1669),
508, tells a story of the Jews inveigled on the sands, which he describes
as lying " towards the mouth of the River beyond Quinborough."
• It had been printed in A short Demurrer to the Jews' long discon-
tinued barred Remitter into England (ist edit. p. 47 ; 2nd edit. p. 60) ;
and also in The Second Part of a short Demurrer^ &c., 112. In these
works Prynne claims to have " presented the world with an exact chro-
" nological history of the English Jews and their affairs, from their very
" first arrival in England under King William the Conqueror^ till their
"universal final banishment and expulsion thence, in the 18 year of
" King Edward the first."* [Tk£ Second Party Slc p. i.]
EDWARD THE FIRST 1/3
of several counties to have public proclamation made ; that no one, ••'•^^
within the time named by himself for the Jews to leave England, should "90.
injure or molest them ; and when in due course these wished to direct
their steps toward London, in order to take ship for parts beyond sea,
safe conduct was to be furnished in each county : provided that, before
their departure, they restored the pledges of Christians to those entitled
thereto, if the last-named wished to acquit the same. The following
extract shows the tenor of the king's commands : —
De Judeis regnum Rex vie. Glotic' Cum Judcis regni nostri universis
Anglie exeuntibus certum tempus prefixerimus a regno illo trans-
Jretandi Nolentes quod ipsi per ministros nostros
out alios quoscumque aliter quam fieri consuernt indebite pertractentur
tibi precipimus quod per totam bcUlivam tuam publice proclamari et
firmiier inktberi facias ne quis eis infra tempus predictum injuriam
molestiam dampnum inferat sen granjamen, Et cutn contingat ipsos
cum catallis suis que eis concessimus versus partes London^ causa
trcmsfretacionis sue dirigere gressus suos salvum et securum conductum
eis habere facias sumpHbus eorundem Proviso quod Judei predicti ante
recessum suum vadia Christianorum que penes se habent illis quorum
fuerini si ea acquieiare voluerint restituant ut tenentur. Teste rege apud
Westne xviif die/ulii. '8 July
Constmiles littere dUrigunturvicecomitibus Essex* Ebor* North' f Lint.
Teste ut supra. Item vie. Heref Sutf^t*
[Close Roll^ 1 8 Edw, I. (n» 1 12) w. 6.]
As the time drew near for this exodus of the Jews^ the king issued
writs (4 Oct. 1290) to the sheriffs in various counties,^ commanding each 4 Oct.
to send to Westminster the chests' (archas\ both new and old, of
* Memoranda {L,T,R.\ 18 & 19 Edw. I. (n** 19) Ro. 34.
' It was only in places in which archa, or chests, were kept that the
Jews — unless by especial licence granted in a particular case — were
allowed to dwell ; as provided by a general council held in the third year
of the reign (1275), ^^^^ referred to (24 May 1277) in these words: —
" Cum nuper de communi consilio regni nostri pro^nderi fecerimus quod
universi et singuli Judei regni nostri manerent in civitatibus et burgis
nostris propriis in quibus arche cyrographar [iorum] Judeorum nostrorum
esse consueverant Et quod^ etc. [PcUent Roll^ 5 Edward I. w. 13 dorso ;
printed in Rymer's Fcedera i. 543] This was a command to inquire
concerning the Jew!? behaviour (JDe inquisicione facienda de gcstu
Judeorum) under the "Statutes of Jewry," published in 1275 (note 2,
p. 157). The writ exactly recites (but in Latin) the terms of No. 5
(Statutes of the Realm^ L 221): — '^E ke tus les Geus seient menauns en les
citez e en les burgs propres le Roy ou les Whuches Cirograffes de
Geuerie soleient estre ; e ke checun Geu " etc. As to the parliament, in
which these statutes (with others) were passed, see Flores Historiarum
per Matth, Westm, &c (1570, folio) p. 363.
174 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
A,D, chirographers oi\\i^Jews in such a city or town,' so as to have them there
i290« in the quinzaine of S. Martin (25 Nov.), for delivery to the treasurer
25 Nov. and barons of the exchequer. The sheriff to inquire in person what
houses and tenements theyi?«/j of [nomen] whom with others of the race
in England the king lately commanded to leave his kingdom (ffuos Rex
nuper simul cum aliis Judeis Anglie regnum suum exire precefiit\h^A
in his bailiwick, and whether held in fee, or for a term, their yearly value,
&c. All such houses and tenements to be taken into the king's hand,
and let for his best advantage. The barons then to be informed what
has been done ; and in the meantime public proclamation to be made
that all those who have §ny goods or chattels oijews, deposited without
name or other title, shall have them at Westminster at the day aforesaid
to be delivered to the treasurer and barons for the king's use, on pain of
losing life and limb and also all they hold in the kingdom, if hereafter
they chance to be convicted of concealment
All the sheriffs are noted as having returned the writs with an extent
or valuation of the houses, &c., at the day prefixed.' Many of the writs
yet remain, accompanied by the inquisitions thereupon taken,' from which
some interesting particulars may be gleaned. For example. By a writ
8 Sept. (jn, 22), dated at Torpel 8th Sept. 1290 and addressed to the sheriff of
Lincolnshire^ it transpires that all the Jews in his bailiwick — excluding
those in the city of Lincoln — ^had anticipated the day fixed, and had
betaken themselves abroad without warning.^ The inquisition shows a
very few houses thus vacated, and in Stamford (here Staunford)
only. The return for the city of Lincoln is found at m, 27. Here
the bishop of BcUh and IVel/Sy writing from S. KcUherin^^ priory near
Lincoln to the treasurer,' William de Marchia, makes excuse for the two
chirographers sending a messenger, instead of coming in person, with
the muniments required, on the ground that they are fully occupied at
* The cities and towns here mentioned are : —
Bedford Devizes Norwich Winchester
Bristol Exeter Nottingham York
Cambridge Hereford Oxford
Canterbury London Stamford
Colchester Northampton Wilton
In order to make a complete list, these should be added, namely :
Berkhampstead Lincoln Sudbury Warwick
Gloucester Marlborough Wallingford Worcester
Huntingdon
2 Memoranda {L,T.R.\ 18 & 19 Edw, I. (n°. 19) Ro. 34.
3 Exchequer^ Q.R. Aftcient Miscellanea (Jews), 557/9.
* "et Judei in balliva tua tempore prefixonis predicte facte com-
morantes citra diem ilium se ad partes transmarinas subito transtulerunt."
* All the writs, issued in the king's name, have the teste of ** W. de
Marchia" at Westminster, 4 Oct. 18th year (1290).
EDWARD THE FIRST 1 75
present about the collection of the king's Fifteenth.^ As the letter is
dated the 21st of November {xi. kal, Decembi^\ the fact is gained that
the collection of the tax was then in progress.
The king assigned5(27 Dec. 1290) his clerk, Hugh de Kendale^ with
whom were associated certain others, to appraise and sell all houses,
rents and tenements oi Jews in the city of London, and throughout
England; and subsequently by letters patent, dated at Ashridge' 18
January 1290-1, made known this appointment, and commanded all his
subjects to render assistance when called upon, undertaking to ratify by
charter the possession of such houses, lands and tenements to every
purchaser.
Hugh de Kendale accordingly rendered an account* of money pro-
duced by such sales. The total receipt throughout the country (up to
that time) was ;£i85o 13^. 4</.; of which ;^956 6j. Zd, came from the
city of London,;^ 1 73 from Lincoln, and so forth, in detail: — but from
Bristol and Devizes nothing, because no buyers had been found.
The places here named are these : —
Bedford Devizes Northampton Stamford
Bristol Hereford Norwich Sudbury
Cambridge Ipswich Nottingham Winchester
Canterbury Lincoln Oxford York
Colchester London
The amount paid into the Treasury was £fi^^ 19J. 4//., leaving due
;^ii72 14J. ; out of which credit was taken for sundry payments, some of
which are interesting enough to justify a passing note. Thus, forty
marks were paid to Master William Torel} sculptor of the late king's
effigy, in part satisfaction of what was due to him for the same ;
£f>^ 13J. 4^. to John of Bristol^ the king's glazier, for making glass
windows in the great church at Westminster ; and — beside money spent
in repairing the Jew^ houses before they were sold — a sum of 22 shillings
^ " Et quia RIG'S de Beufow et Job's Cotti cirograffarii de Judaismo
Lincoln' circa quintamdecimam domino regi colligendam adeo occupantur
ac vexantur in presenti quod absque manifesto eorum gravamine et
domini regis incommoditate personalem accessum ad vos habere
nequeunt ista vice specialitatem vestram rogamus .... in Domino
quatinus nuncium eorundem cartas et munimenta predicti Judaismi
Lincoln' vobis deferentem benigne admittere velitis eorumque absenciam
per dicti ntmcii sui presenciam excusatam habere." {m» 24)
' Patent Roll^ i<)Edw, I. (n° 109) /«. 25.
' Ibid, m,2i. " De domibus et redditibus Judeorum vendendis " on
the margin.
* Exchequer^Q,R. Ancient Miscellanea {]tws\ SS7h^' This account
is inroUed in the Pipe JRoll, 22 Edw. I.
* Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey (Fifth edition, 1882,
8vo.), 1 14, by A. P. Stanley, D.D.
176 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
to Master nomas the king's carpenter, for making a scafiold for the
late king Henrys tomb.'
Although constant allusion is made by the king to a fixed day, before
which ^^Jews were to quit England, no record has yet been found that
gives the precise date. Upon the evidence already adduced it is clear,
that it must have been after the fourth of October, and some time before
the twenty-fifth of November, on which latter day the sherififs were
required to make, and did make, their returns of the houses, &c, which
t\i% Jews held in the several cities and towns (as before seen, p. 174). By
a memorandum in the Red Book of the Exchequer (f. 252 d) it is recorded,
that the yi^zt/^ resident in London left in a body for the sea-coast on
Tuesday, the morrow of S. Denis, or the tenth of October, 1290.
The presumption, then, is in favour of the term having been the feast of
All Saints^ or first of November,' as stated by the annalists and others.
De Judeis» recedentibus ab Anglia
De recessu Memorandum quod die Martis in crastino Sancti Dionisii
Judeorum ab anno regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Henrici decimo
Anglia octavo et anno Domini Af" CO nonogesimo recesserunt
omnes Judei de Londori versus mare ad transjretandum
sub proteccione domini Regis predicti.
[Red Book of the Exchequer^ fo, 252 dorsa]
The prelates, barons and commonalty of the realm having granted a
Fifteenth of all their moveable goods — subject to such exceptions as
* " In thesauro DC.lxxvij. li. xix. s. iiij. den. per ij. tallias. Et debet
M'C.lxxij. li. xiiij. s. De quibus solut* Magistro WilPo Torel factori
imaginis Regis Henrici in partem solucionis facture imaginis predicte
xl. mar. sicut idem recognovit in Memor. termino Pasche anno xxj®. Et
Joh'i de BristoU' vitriario Regis ad fenestras vitreas faciendas ad ecclesiam
Westm'. Lxiiij. li. j. mar. sicut idem Joh*es recognovit sicut continetur in
Memor. termino Pasche anno xxj° Et in factura scaphaldi
facti pro tumba Regis Henrici per manus Magistri Thome carpentarii
Regis, xxij. s." See Exch. Q.R, Ancient Miscellanea^ 557/^2, for the
original Account, at the foot of which is this note : '* Talis rotulus
traditur Henr* de Not' ad scribendum in magno Rotulo." Accordingly
it is found on a membrane — with other accounts— attached to the Pipe
Roily 22 Edw, L
' So Matthew of Westminster — "ab Anglia cedere circa festum
Omnium Sanctorum quod eis pro termino ponebatur." [Flores
Historiarum per Matth, JVestmon. &c. (ed. 1601, fol.) 414]
? The reader who would care to know more of the matter may con-
sult the work, entitled Anglia Judaica : or the History and Antiquities
of the Jews in England^hy Hblossiers Tovey, LL.D. (Oxford, 1738, 4to.)
who deals at length with the expulsion of the /pwj, and their re-establish-
ment in England under Cromwell,
EDWARD THE FIRST 177
had been before usual on like occasions — the king, by letters patent,
dated at Kyngesclipstone 22 Septeniber in the i8th year of his reign
(1290), assigned sundry persons in the several counties to assess, tax,
levy and collect the subsidy so granted. Of these, John Byroun and
Robert de Hoylaunde were nominated chief taxors for Lancashire ; and
they were to have the assistance of a clerk, for whose election they were
to provide, and for whom they were to be responsible when chosen.
The Fifteenth was to be levied and collected within the space of two
years next ensuing^ and paid into the exchequer at certain terms ; one
moiety, namely, at the feasts of Easter and Saint Michael then coming
(22 April and 29 Sept. 1291) ; the other moiety on the same feast-days
in the year following (6 April and 29 Sept. 1292).
Form* of assessing ^^^ knights (chief assessors) were to assemble
and collecting before them, from every hundred of the county, the
the Fifteenth ^^^* ^^^ most capable persons, out of whom there
were to be elected twelve, who should have the
knowledge and ability requisite to assess and tax the goods of every one,
wherever they might be, whether in the field, house or elsewhere on
Michaelmas-day then coming (1290), or previously since the first of
August. The twelve, after being sworn on the Gospels in presence of
the chief taxors, were to take four lawful men and the reeve of every
town within their hundred, and go with them from house to house, in
order to view and assess every one's goods, inquiring in each instance
whether any thing had been sold or otherwise removed, between the
before-mentioned first of August and Michaelmas-day. In either case
such goods, like others, were to be taxed according to their true value.
The two knights assessors with their clerk were then to follow from
place to place, and to ascertain whether the goods had been well and
lawfully taxed to the king's use by the twelve. If any thing had been
concealed or assessed by these below its proper value through gift or
favour, then they were to increase the amount according to their discre-
tion, and to inform the treasurer and barons of the exchequer as to the
names of those who had thus trespassed against their oath.
The taxation of the four men and the reeve was to be made by the
twelve, and these in turn were to have their goods taxed by the knights
* Exchequer^ Q,R, Memoranda^ iS-ig Edward I, (n° 16), Ro. 5. Sir
Francis Palgrave must have overlooked this reference, supplied by
Brady in his History^ ii. 96 D ; or he would not have been reduced to
printing from a Harleian manuscript (645) the king's letters patent and
the oath of the taxors only {Pari, Writs^ i. 24), without the form of
assessment and collection, which had been passed over in the Register
of Bury St. Edmunds, the manuscript quoted by him. This form yet
remains upon record under the title, ** De forma quintedecime assidende
et coUigende," among Memoranda (as above stated), from which source
the particulars supplied in the text have been derived.
N
IjS LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
assessors, aided by good and lawful men to be elected, who should be of
no affinity to any of the twelve. The taxation of the two knights and
their clerk was reserved to the treasurer and barons of the exchequer.
Prelates, clerks and religious men were to have their temporal goods
taxed.
In the assessment towards the Fifteenth were excepted the fol-
lowing : — armour, riding-horses, jewels and robes for knights, gentle
men and their wives ; also their vessels of gold, silver and brass.* These
reservations were not to be made in cities, boroughs, or other towns, as
to the goods of traders ; but whatever they had was to be liable to the
tax without exception.
Afterwards some modifications were made, and the king granted that
the goods which every one had in counties on the morrow' of Michael-
mas-day in the i8th year (30 Sept. 1290) — instead of the period between
the first of August and the 29th of September — should be taxed. As
certain things had been excepted in counties, it was now (23 Feb. 1 290-1)
ordered, that some exceptions should also be made in cities, boroughs
and market-towns, namely ; one gown (roda) for the man, another for
his wife, and one bed for the two ; one ring, one clasp {firmaculo — French,
fermail) of silver or gold, and one girdle of silk — if they are in the
habit of wearing such ring, clasp and girdle every day ; and except one
cup of silver, or of mazer' {murf'a), out of which they drink. All these
were not to be taxed; and the taxors were further commanded to levy a
Fifteenth on such goods as were had in cities and towns on the morrow
of Michaelmas-day, and not at the time previously fixed. If any thing
had been already levied in the name of a Fifteenth^ from such goods as
* " E fet asaver ke en ceste taxacioun serrunt forspris armure, moun-
tures, jueus, e robes, as chevalers e as gentiz homes, e a lur femmes ; c
lur vessele de or, e dargent, e de areinn. E ceste forsprise ne deit tenir
liu en citez, en vile de burgs, ne en autres viles, des biens as marchaunz,
mes kauntke il unt deit estre taxe saunz rien forsprendre."
2 After reciting the levy as above ordered, the king goes on: — " postea
tamen graciose concessimus quod bona ilia mobilia que singuli
habuerunt in crastino Sancti Michaelis proximo pretcrito taxentur."
[Memoranda {L.T.R.\ 18 & 19 Edia, I. Ro. 41.]
' See the clause of exceptions in the form of taxing the Eighth and
Fifth granted to the king (but afterwards revoked): — "e un ceint de saye
quil usent tutz les jurz e ausint un hanap dargent ou de masre dount il
beivent" {Parliamentary IVn'/s, i. 55); also No/es ami (JuerieSy 7th S.
iii. 351, under " Manubrium de murro" ; and the instances cited below,
pp. 182, 188, 192, note 4.
* Exch, L,T,R, Memoranda^ 18 & 19 Edw, I. (n° 19), Ro. 41. See
also the same, Ro. 38 dorso, for an order made 10 Dec. 1290, as to pay-
ments of one moiety of a fourth part on the morrow of Pur. B. V. M.
(3 Feb. 1290-1), and of another moiety at Easter following (22 April 1291).
EDWARD THE FIRST 179
were now to be excepted, the amount was to be restored to every one
from whom it had been taken.
The Account of the Fifteenth collected in the several counties is
found set out at the end of the Pipe Roily 23 Edw, I. ; from which the
items printed below are extracted. That relating to Lancashire may
be summarized in this form :—
The Fifteenth collected in Lancashire
Paid into Treasury
Expenses of collection
• • ■ • • •
;^i,o68 10
13 6 8
£, s.
1,166 9
1,081 16
d,
8
Balance due
LU 12
si
COMPOTUS quintedecimeRegi anno xviij® perArchiepiscopos
Episcopos Abbates Priores Comites Barones et omnes
alios de Regno de omnibus bonis suis mobilibus concesse et
per diversos collectores in diversis Comitatibus eodem anno
xviij° assesse collecte et levate sicut patet infra.
Compotus Rogeri le Rous et Ric'i le Bret* collectorum Hereford
quintedecime Regi concesse anno xviij® in Com. Hereford*.
lidem reddunt compotum de M^.DCCCC.iiij*\v. li. x. s. vj.d.
de quintadecima bonorum mobilium Baronum et omnium
aliorum in Comitatu predicto Hereford* etc.
Compotus Johannis Byroun et Robert! de Hoylaunde Lane'
collectorum quintedecime Regi concesse anno xviij in Comit-
atu Lancastr*.
lidem reddunt comp. de M^.Clxvj. li. ix. s. j. d. ob. de
quintadecima bonorum mobilium hominum in Com. predicto
sicut continetur in Rotulo de particulis quem liberaverunt in
Th*o exceptis bonis mobilibus Edm' Comitis Lancastr* fratris
Regis et Henr* de Lacy Comitis Lincoln* qui non taxantur
per brevia Regis et exceptis bonis mobilibus Abbatum
Monachorum et Monialium ordinis Cist* qui non taxantur
quia fecerunt finem sicut superius continetur in Hereford*
\i,e, quia fecerunt finem pro quintadecima sua sicut continetur
in Rotulo de finibus diversorum pro quintadecima]. In Th*o
MUxviij. li. X. s. per v. Tallias. Et eisdem taxatoribus et
collectoribus pro expensis quas fecerunt circa taxacionem et
collectionem quintedecime predicte et pro cariagio denar'
N 2
i8o
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
ejusdem de Com. predicto usque London xiij. IL vj. s. viij. d.
Et debent iiij^^.iiij. li. xij. s. v. d. ob. Sed respondent in
Lane' in Rotulo sequenti.
[Pipe Roll^ 23 Edw, L Rotulo compotorum.]
Comparative Table of Receipts
OF THE Fifteenth
County
Total
1. North of Trent
£, s, d.
Cumberland ...
• • •
• • •
• « • • • •
• • •
1,781 16 8
Lancaster ...
• • •
• • •
• •• • • «
• • •
1,166 9 11
Northumberland
• • •
• • •
• • • • • •
■ • •
3,364 15
Westmoreland
• • •
• • •
• • • « • •
■ • •
743 4 9
York : N. Riding
• • •
• • •
£zfi^
10
8
E. Riding
• • •
• • •
2,769
2
9
W. Riding
• • •
• • •
3,031
4
oi
9,498 *7 5i
2. South of Trent
Cornwall
• • •
• • •
521 18 5i
Essex
• • •
• • •
4,370 19 8
Hereford
• • •
• • •
1,985 10 6
Middlesex
• • •
• • •
1,148 9
Norfolk
• • •
■ • •
9,782 14 6
London City
• • ■
• • •
2,860 13 8
A° 22°
Edw. I.
12 Nov.
1294.
^entl^' anil ^ixt^ ot HSokieatile <Sooli0
payable in moieties
before 2 Feb. 1294-5 and 22 May 1295.
(*)
In the Parliament, which met according to summons at
Westminster on the 12th of November 1294, there was
granted to the king, in aid of his war with France, on the
very first day of assembly, a Tenth of moveable goods in
the several counties ; and subsequently, out of Parliament, the
citizens, burgesses and tenants of royal demesnes granted
for the same purpose a Sixth of their moveable goods.
* No documents found for Lancashire.
EDWARD THE FIRST l8l
Having issued writs,^ dated 8 Oct. 1294, to the several sheriffs for the A.I).
election in each county of two knights of the shire, empowered to act ^^94*
for themselves and the whole commonalty, the king on the following
day* (9 Oct.) commanded that two others should be added to the
number, and that all four should be at Westminster on the morrow of
S. Martin following (12 Nov.), to consult and agree to what the earls,
barons and magnates should propose. The representatives of the
counties met accordingly as commanded ; and on the very first day^
granted to the king, in aid of his war with France, a tenth part of all
their moveable goods, with the exception of such as were excepted in the
Fifteenth last granted (in 1290).
The form for taxing and levying this Tenth is found in Memoranda
iQ.R*\ 23 Edw, I. Ro. 72, under the heading : —
" Decima bonorum temporalium Regi concessa in Anglia
in crastino Sancti Martini anno regni Regis E. xxij° finiente
incipiente ' xxiij°."
The procedure is similar to that before used for the Fifteenth
(P- ^77)' The twelve best and most capable persons elected in every
hundred are to take four lawful men and the reeve in every town, and
go with' them from house to house, for the purpose of viewing and
assessing goods ; while inquiring at the same time if anything has been
sold or eloigned since Michaelmas-day last (29 Sept. 1294). In either
case, the same to be taxed. The levy is ordered to be made upon every
one's goods^ wherever they might have been — in the field, or house, or
elsewhere — on the said Michaelmas-day. The clergy* who had not
given, or were not to give, to the king a moiety of their goods were
included in the taxation, but only for their temporal possessions ; and
the goods excepted generally were the same as those before (p. 178)
* See Parliamentary IVritSj i. 26 (3), 27 (4).
2 See the statement made at the beginning of the Account cited
below (p. 185).
' Observe once more the irrepressible participles, which (in spite of
Sir Harris Nicolas) do not make the 23rd year of this reign begin on the
twelfth of November 1294 (p. 149).
^ " tous les biens de chequin queu part qe il fussent aussi bien en
chaump come en mesoun ou aillours le jour de la seynt Michel proschein
passe."
* Special exemption was granted to prelates, religious men and other
clerks, who gave a moiety of their goods in the present year [Close Roll^
23 Edw, I. m. II dorso]. See the reference above (p. 152, n" 10) to the
account of the collector, assigned by the king in the diocese of Norwich
by writ dated 30 September in the 22nd year (1294). Those who were
appointed for the collection of this moiety in other dioceses are named
in Memoranda (Q.R.)^ 23 Edw, I, Ro, 68,
1 82 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
particularly noted in the levy of the Fifteepth. Witness the following
extract : —
'^ E ceste taxacion soit fete aussi bien de biens as clerks come des
lays les queus biens ne sount mye annex a leur Eglise e des queus il ne
dounent au Roi la Meyte E des vileins as prelaz gent de religion e
autres clerks qi sunt de lur Eglise rien ne soyt taxe ne leve E fet a saver
qe en ceste taxacion serrunt forpris tresor* armure e mounture jueaus e
robes as chivalers e gentiz hoummes e a lur femmes e lur vessele dor e
de argent e de arreym E en Citez Burgs e viles Marcbaundes serrount
forpris une robe pur le houme e une autre pur sa femme un lyt pur
ambedeus e un anel e un fermail de or ou de argent e un ceynt de seye
qe il usent touz les jours e ensement un hanap de argent ou de mazre
dunt il beyvent." [Memoranda (Q,R.\ 23 Edzu, I. Ro. 72.]
Two knights in each county, with a clerk to be chosen by them, were
assigned to assess and tax, levy and collect the Tenth, and to bring the
money so raised to the king's exchequer at Westminster, paying the
amount in moieties at two terms, namely ; one moiety before {ctira) the
feast of the Purification next to come (2 Feb. 1294-5) ; and the other,
before {ctira) the feast of Pentecost following (22 May 1295). Those
named for Lancashire in the king's writ,^ dated 12 Nov. 1294, were
Matthew de Redeman and John de Cornubia (or of Cornwall)^ who duly
made the return ; as seen below (p. 186). On the 20th of the same
month the several sheriffs in England were commanded to diligently
assist, and to cause their bailiffs to assist, the knights and their clerks in
the levy and collection of the Tenth, whenever instructed by the taxors,
or required by them on the king's behalf.
The citizens of London having spontaneously granted to the king a
Sixth of their moveable goods, Edward^ citing their example, appointed
(21 Nov. 1294) certain commissioners in conjunction with the sheriffs,
to request a Sixth likewise from cities and towns of his own demesnes.
John de Litegreincs was nominated for Lancashire, as well as for the
counties of York, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland.
The letters patent issued on this occasion are needed to complete the
series printed by Palgrave;"^ and for this reason they may find a place
here : —
De sexta parte Rexdilectiset Jidelibits suis custodivicecomitibusaldre-
Regi concessa in viannis et ioti coinmunitati civitatis sue London
Lond' salutevi Cum vos in forma in qua nuper nobis
quint amdecimam concesseratis sextam partem bonorum
et mobiliurn vestrorum in subsidiwn guerre nostre nobis conccsseritis
* By " treasure" is meant treasure in money {tresor en deniers) which
in the taxation of the Twelfth and Eighth was ordered to be included
(p. 192). As to mazre (line 12), see note 3, p. 178.
'^ Patent Roll^ 22 Edw, L ;//. 2 ; printed in Parliajnentary JVrits, i. 27.
EDWARD THE FIRST 1 83
liberaliter et libenier Nos ut ilia sexia pars ad minus dampnwn et
gravamen vestri et singulorum civitatis ejusdem levetur et colligatur
providere volentes assignavimus dilectos et fideles nostras Johannem de
Banquelle Thorn* le Romeyn Hamonem Box WilPm de Betonia et
Gilbertum de Marchia una cum diUcto clerico nostro Magistro WilVo de
Wymundham quern ad hoc duximus assignandum ad dictam sexiam
partem infra civitatem predictam et extra infra totum procinctum
ejusdem civitatis quatcnus ad civitatem ipsam pertinet assidendam et
taxandam levandam et colligendam et ad scaccarium nostrum portandam
et ibidem solvendam ad terminos infrascriptos videlicet unam nu:dietatem
citra festum Purificacionis beate Marie proximo futuro [futurum] et 26 Nov
aiiam medietatem citra festum Pentecostes proximo sequens Et ideo vobis 1294,
mandamus etc.* Teste ven^ patre etc, xx^fj, die Novembris anno xxiij",
De diversis assignatis Rex dilecto et fideli suo Roberto de Ratforde
ad petend' consimilem salutem Cum cives et probi homines nostri
isextam in dominicis London^ sextam partem bonorum suorum
villis Regis in diversis mobilium nobis in subsidium guerre nostre
comitatibus gratanter concesserint ut aliis qui sunt de
dominicis villis nostris exemplum prebeant ad
consimile subsidium faciendum assignavimus vos ad petendam hujusmodi
sextam partem in singulis dominicis civitatibus et aliis villis nostris in
comitatibus Kane* Sussex' Surr^ et Suth'f secundum taxacionem decline
jam nobis in regno nostro concesse Et ideo vobis mandamus quod
assumptis vobiscum vicecomitibus locorum ad singulas dominicas
civitates et alias villas nostras personaliter accedatis et homines
earundem civitatum et villarum ad concedendum et prestandum nobis
predictam sextam partem juxta taxacionem predictam diligenter ex
parte nostra requiratis et effaciter inducatis modis quibus videbitis magis
expedire Et quid inde feceritis nobis aut thesaurario et baronibus nostris
de scaccario sine dilacione constare facialis. In cujus rei testimonium
has litteras nostras fieri fecimus patent es, T, ven* patre etc, xxj, die 21 Nov.
Novembris anno xxiij", 1294.
Per consimiles litteras assignantur infrascripti adpetend^ hujusmodi
sextam partem in singulis dominicis civitatibus et aliis villis regis in
comitatibus subscriptis videlicet —
WilPs de Ormesby in comitatibus NorfiT Suff^ Essex' Hertj
Canf Hunt'
M agister Petrus de Leke in com- Nolryhampt^ Leyc^ IVarr^
itatibus RoteP Lynd
foKes deLitegreines in comitatibus Ebor^ Norhumbr' Cumbr*
Westm* Lane*
Af agister foh^es Lovel in com- Wyltc^ Somers^ Dors^
itatibus Devon^ et Comub*
^ I omit the formal words as to aiding, &c. the taxors and collectors,
when these required assistance.
1 84 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
JoKes de Bosco in comitatibus NotingIC Derby Salop^ Stajp
Wygorri
Rad' 5 de Broghton' in comitatibus Oxori Berie Bedef BuJ^
Glouc'Heref? T, ut supra
etc,
Et mandatum est vie, Kanc^ in hoc forma Cum assignaverimus
dilectum et fidelem nostrum Rolf turn de Ratford ad petendum subsidium
ad opus nostrum de dominicis civitatibus et aliis villis nostris in balliva
tua et te associaverimus eidem prout in litteris nostris patentibus eiinde
confectis pienius continetur tibi precipimus quod prefato RoH'to in
premissis viriliter et diligenter assistas prout ipse tibi scire faciei ex
21 Nov. parte nostra et cum ab ipso super hoc fueris requisitus Et hoc nullatenus
1294. omittas. Teste Thesaurario etc, xxj^ die Novetnbris anno predicto,
Consimili modo mandatum est singulis vicecomitibus comitatuum pre-
dictorum in quibus predictus Robertus et alii supracUcti assignantur.
Teste Thesaurario ut supra. [Exch, Q.R, Memoranday 23 Edw, I. Ro. 73.]
The king, in his anxiety to raise money, and fearing that the payment
of the first moiety might not be made (as directed by his letters patent)
before the feast of the Purification (2 Feb.), wrote to all the taxors^ (2nd
January 1294-5), commanding them to levy the said moiety ef the Tenth
from any one, immediately after his goods were taxed,^ or at least to
give him a short time for payment ; in order that any and all sums
received might be paid without delay into the exchequer, in anticipation
of the term fixed. A few days later (10 January),* after reciting the in-
structions recently given as to the Tenth, he commanded all the taxors to
levy and pay in the same prompt manner the moiety of the Sixth which
had been granted in cities, boroughs and other towns.
There yet remains, in a clean and perfect state, a rolF of two
membranes, showing the money of the Tenth and Sixth received from
Tuesday 12 April 1295 (in Easter-term 23 Edw, L) to Tuesday 9 August
following. Here are included the receipts from thirty-four^ counties —
* Memoranda {Q.R.), 23 Edw, I. Ro. 74.
2 "quod medietatem eandem statim cum quis taxatus fuerit levari
faciatis ab eo vel saltem brevem terminum ei detis infra quem vobis
satisfacere possit."
* Exc/iequer, Treasury of Receipt, Miscellanea 44/18. There is also
among the same Miscellanea (44/10) a receipt-roll — five membranes in
excellent condition — of the Clerical Subsidy granted at the same time.
This begins (like the receipt-roll of the Tenth and Sixth) on Tuesday
12 April, and is continued to Thursday 11 August 1295 ; within which
period a sum exceeding ;£28,ooo was paid. The very last item relates
to 400 marks received from the abbot and convent oi Furneis,
^ Collectors were nominated in thirty-seven counties {Pari. WritSy \.
27). Of these, the three missing in this roll are — Lancashire, Cumber-
land and Westmoreland.
EDWARD THE FIRST 1 85
beside London ; but no payment for Lancashire is found among them.
The amount set down as paid at the exchequer from the 12th of April to
Monday 13 June was ;£2 3,809 6s, Sd. ; and for the remaining period (to
9 Aug.), jf 9,136.
The following extracts serve to show the form in which the entries
are made in the roll : —
Rotulus Recepte de decima et sexta^ parte bonorum tempo-
ralium per populum domino Regi concessis in termino
Pasche anno [xxiij°].
IT Die Martis xij. die Aprilis
De Rob*to le Wyne et Ricardo le Bret collectoribus decime domino Hereford'
Regi concesse in com. Heref ... D.iij.li.
IT Die Jovis
D' RoVto Barr* et Almarico de Nodariis collectoribus decime in com. Buk'
Buk* CCCC.xiij.li. Item CCCC.xx. li.
D* Waltero de Beysin et WilPmo de Hodinet collectoribus ejusdem Salop'
decime in com. Salop' CC.lxx. li. Item CCC.lvj. li.
m Die Sabati
D' Rogero de Swynnerton' et Joh*e de Heron vulle collectoribus decime in Staff'
com. StafT " CC.x. li. Item C.xxiij. li.
IT Summa totalis usque hue — M^ iijC. iiij". xvj. li.
xvj""" die April, com p.
D' Magistro et fratribus Milicie Templi in Anglia de fine' pro decima Angl'
sua et villanorum suorum de bonis suis temporalibus
CC.xxxiij. li. di. marc.
[Exch, Treasury of Receipt. Miscellanea 44/18.]
The Accounts of the Tenth and Sixth collected in all counties are
attached to the Pipe Roll^ 34 Edw, I., from which the following extracts
are taken:—
De decima et sexta Regi concessis anno xxiij.
COMPOTUS Johannis de Bray ct Roberti de Meryngge Not*
taxatorum et collectorum decime' in Com. Not* Regi xij. die
' The only Sixth, received within the period covered by this roll,
was that paid by the city of London.
' The amount in which the Templars fined was (note 2, p. 186) five
hundred marks, or ;^333 6^. Zd. ; of which sum ;^233 6^. %d. are now paid.
' Read *' decime et sexte^^ ; as required not only by the context, but in
order to make the plural (two lines below) " concessarum." See also the
item (second line) for Lancashire (p. 186).
r KKiij.per L
i aUcM de Rc^no oonccasuvm in
MibiHuim fwtm Regis <]vub Sex pn> lecspcraDiu tcna
VucxM* qnaai tcmm Rex Francic soper R^em occopavcnt
contra ctmdem Kegem Fianoonun movetal de dsdem dodma
ct >o(U Com. predict! videlicet de dccima omiiiain bo n o nm
mobiliutn Comitum Baronam militiiin et aHonim de regoo et
(le Kxta omnium bonomm mobilium hoiDtnnm dc dominids
civiutibus ct aliis borgis Regis et viliis mcrcatoriis cxceptis
tK>tiiit mobilibiM archtepiflcoporum episcopomin abbatum prior-
um religiosonim ct cctcn>nKnclcrircgniet\Tllanonim5uonm:
dc ccclcfiis suis quorum bona ad dictas dccimam et sextam
minimc taxabantur co quod . . dicto anno \'iccsimo terdo
crpiente in subtiidium predictc gwerre Ri^is concessenint
I K<%i mcdictatcm omnium bonorum suomm ccclcsias-
ticorum fticut continetur in McmorandL-i cjusdem anni xxiij.
Ht cxceptis limilitcr bonis mobilibus Prions et fratrum Hos-
|MtaIi<> Sanctl IhrTm in Anglia et Magistri et fratnim Milicie
Tcmpli in Anglia et villanorum suorum quorum bona ad
dicti!i dccimam ct sextain non fucrunt taxata propter fines -
quos dicti Prior ct Magistcr pro sc et villanJs suis inde Rcgi
fcccrunt »icut continetur in Mem. cisdem per breve Regis
patens, J
COMTOTUS Mathci dc Rcdemane unius taxat' ct coll'
dccimc ct sextc ]>er laicos in Com. Lane' Regi concessarum
prcdicto anno xxij, finictitc pro sc ct Joh'c de Comub' altcro
coll' dccimc ct scxte predictarum de eisdem decima et
■CXtK.
lidcm r. comp. dc DC.vij. li. xvij. s. xj. d. de decima
bonorum mobilium toclus Com. Lancastr' sicut continetur
' .See the note Si P- i6'i oa ihe participles, _/&Mi«/e, incipienle, which
nra u»od rk*'" (^* h^r^ seen) in the Pipe Roll, 34 Edw. I. ; and observe
altio tlie mention of n precise date for the grant now made.
' The Prior of the Hospitalltrs {I'cler de Hagham) and Master of
the Templars [Guy de f'oreata) fined with the king in S'>^ marks, each,
for llio Tenth ; as appears in Memoranda (G-A'.), 23 Edw. I. Ro. 73
J
ERWARD THE FIRST 187
l|n Rotulo dc particulis qucm liberavcrunt in th'o Et de
ncvij. li. xix, s. viij. d. ob. de sexta burgorum Lancastr' et
^Preston' sicut continetur ibidem.
Sm' DC.xxv. li. xvij.s. vij.d. ob. In tli'o
ftCCCC.xxxiiij, li. in iij. tall' Item in th'ro Ixix. li. viij. s. per
ppredictum Matheum in ij. tall' Item in th'o xl. li. per prcdictum
' Joh' filiuni Laur' de Cornub' Item in th'ro C. s. per Joh'am
que fiiit uxor predicti Joh'is dc rem. comp. ipsiiis Joh'is Item
in th'o xvj, s. per Edm. dc Nevill' nuper vie. pro predicto
■ Matheo Item in th'o Ixvj. s. viij. d. per Rad'm de Munjoye
■.Quondam vie, dc bonis et catallis dicti Joh'is de Cornub' pro
■prcdictis x" ct vj" Et Robertus de Lciburn' de quo oncratur
fin summa totali de vij, s. dc x" bonorum ipsius Rob'i in
ilDalton' sicut cont' in dicto R, de particulis deb. inde respon-
ft'dere Et r. in R, ix. Regis E. tercii in Res. Lane' Et Ric's
Ipunehardon' dc quo oncratur de di. mar. de x' ipsius Rie'i
■In Parva Mitton' sicut cont' ibidem debet inde responderc
iEt r. in R. ix" Regis E. tercii in. Res. Lane' Et Adam de
I Hodeleston' eic. Et deb. xxxj. li. xv. s. vj, d. lidem r. comp.
r de codem debito In th'o nich. Et eisdem collectoribus pro
I misis et expcnsis suis x. li. Et deb, xxj. U. xv. 5. vj. d, Et r,
I in R" V. Regis E. filii Regis hujus in Lane.'
[Pipe Roll, 34 Edw. I. Rotulis Compotorum.]
Comparative Tauli
>- OF RECF.II
ITS
County Tenth
Sixth
Total
;I, North of Trent £. s. d.
£■ s.
d.
£■
J. rf.
Cumberland'
585
- 7
' Lancaster ... 607 17 11
17 19
8i
625
17 7i
Northumberland ... g8i 4 6}
230 II
'i
15 8
Westmoreland ... 325 14 3}
3 "
6
'328
16 3j
York : N, Riding 1,731 - f>k
34> IS
3i
2,072
15 9S
E.Riding i,2Si 8 8|
29 4
-
i>3'o
12 Si
W. Riding'
1,750
10 3l
a. South or Trent
£ssex 2,657 14 o{
202 16
S
2,860
10 5i
Middlesex ,.. 831 '6 SJ
6 4
7k
838
Norfolk 7,186 16 11
1,417 18
8
8,604
"5 7
London City'-"
2,700 4
8
' The Tenth and Sixth are nc
It separately
staled.
1 = The City of London, of course, paid a Sixth
only.
I
^H ■ The T
^H The C
1 88 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
payable in moieties
before 2 Feb. 1295-6 and 13 May 1296.
(*)
Ao 24<» In aid of the war with France, Parliament granted to the
^' ' A king, on the fourth day of December 1295, a. subsidy to
1295/ be levied upon moveable goods, namely ; an Eleventh in
counties, and a Seventh in cities, boroughs and royal
demesnes.
The Parliament, which was summoned to meet at Westminster on
the 13th, and then prorogued to the 27th of Nov. 1295, g^ran ted to the
king on the fourth of December* following, in aid of his war for the
recovery of Gascony from the king of France^ an Eleventh of goods in
counties, and a Seventh of the same in all cities, boroughs and royal
demesnes. The taxation was to be made upon goods in possession on
Michaelmas-day last past (29 Sept. 1295), with such exceptions as were
made in the Tenth lately granted. By writ,' dated 4 Dec. 1295, Master
Richard de Hoghton^ clerk, and Nicholas Blundell^ Serjeant {5erviens\
were appointed to assess, tax, levy and collect the said Eleventh and
Seventh in Lancashire, and to pay into the king's exchequer the amount
so obtained at two several terms, namely ; one moiety before icitra) the
feast of the Purification then next coming (2 Feb. 1295-6) ; and the other
moiety before {citrd) the feast of Pentecost ensuing (13 May 1296).
The form for taxing and levying the Eleventh and Seventh is found
at length in Memoranda {Q.R.\ 24 Edw. I. Ro. 65. There is no varia-
tion from that before prescribed for the Tenth and Sixth. The twelve
men elected in every hundred (other than those who have already been
taxors), the four lawful men (with the same reservation) and the reeve,
reappear ; and the exceptions are the same as before (p. 182), including
(in cities, boroughs and market-towns) the cup of silver or of mazer, used
for drinking. The goods of no one are to be taxed to the Eleventh un-
less they amount to the value of eleven shillings or more ; or to the
Seventh, unless they amount to the value of seven shillings or more.*
^ No documents found for Lancashire,
2 See the heading of the Account below, in which this fact is stated.
3 Pat. R.y 24 Edw. I. m. 22 ; printed in Parliamentary WritSy i. 45.
* " E les biens de nuli ne seient taxez al unzime sil namountent a
unze sous ou plus Ne al setime sil namountent a set souz ou plus."
{^Memoranda (Q.R.), 24 Edw. I. Ro. 65]
EDWARD THE FIRST 1 89
There remains a portion of a Receipt-roll of an Eleventh, entitled—
^'Rotulus undecime domino Regi concesse in termino Pasche anno
r. R. E. xxvj***"; showing small sums received from 17 April to 20 May
1298 in London (a Seventh), and the counties of Warwick, Worcester,
Berks and Huntingdon. [Exc/t, Treasury of Receipt, Miscellanea 44/5]
A full Account of the Eleventh and Seventh,* thus granted through-
out England, is attached to the Pipe Roil, 34 Edw, I., from which the
following entries are extracted : —
Compoti diversorum de undecima et scptima Regi a
laicis concessis anno vicesimo quarto.
COMPOTUS Thome de Derewentwatre et WilFi de Coumbe Westmerr
taxatorum et collectorum undecime et scptime in Comit-
atu Westmerr Regi quarto die Decembris anno xxiiij. per 4 Dec.
Comites Barones Milites et omnes alios de regno concess- ^^95*
arum in subsidium guerre Regis quam Rex pro recuperanda
terra Vascon' quam terram Rex Francie super Regem occu-
paverat contra eundem Regem Francorum moverat de eisdem
undecima et septima in Com. predicto videlicet de undecima
omnium bonorum mobilium Comitum Baronum militum et
aliorum de regno et de septima omnium bonorum mobilium
hominum de dominicis Regis civitatibus et aliis burgis et
villis mercatoriis regni exceptis bonis mobilibus archiepiscop-
orum episcoporum abbatum priorum religiosorum et ceteri
cleri regni quorum bona ad dictas undecimam et septimam
minime taxabantur eo quod etc, ^
lidem r. comp. de CC.xxvj, li. xviij. s. viij. d. q*. receptis
de dicta undecima tocius Com. Westmerl* . . . Et de
Lxiij. s. V. d. o. q*. de septima burgi de Appleby etc,
' Observe the illustrative example {Rolls of Parliament, i. 228) of a
Seventh levied within the borough of Colchester at this date (24 jE'</zc/. I.).
' Because the clergy had granted a Tenth " in subsidium predicte
guerre Regis." See the king's letters, dated at Westminster 11 Dec. in
the 24th year (1295), appointing collectors in the several dioceses, under
the heading-—" Decima beneficiorum ecclesiasticorum Regi a clero
Anglie concessa." One moiety of such Tenth was to be paid on the
first of March next (1295-6) ; the other moiety, on the feast of th^ Holy
Trinity following (20 May 1296). {^Memoranda {Q.R.\ 24 Edward I.
Ro. 63] The Master of the Templars and Prior of the Hospitallers fined
with the king, on behalf of their respective brotherhoods, as to an
Eleventh of their temporal goods, in the sum of six hundred marks, each.
{Ibid, Ro. 65 dorso]
IpO LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Summa tocliis undccimc ct scptime Com. Westmerl'
CC.xxx. li. ij. s. j. d. o. q". In Th'o etc.
COMPOTUS Magistri Ric'i dc Houghton' ct Nich'i Blundcl
taxatorum ct collectorum prcdictarum undecime et septime
Regi concessarum in Com. Lancastr' predico iiij'". die Deccm-
bris anno xxiiij. in forma superius contenta.
lidem r. comp, de D.lxxvj. li. xiiij, s. viij. d. o. de un-
decinna bonorum laicorum in Com. predicto sicut continetur
in R" de particulis qucm libcraverunt in Thesauro. Et de
xvj. li. XV. s. j. d. de septima bui^ens' Lane' Preston" in
Aumundcrnesse ct Wygayn stcut continetur ibidem.
Summa tocius receptc undecime et septime
D.iitj". xiij. li, ix. s. ix. d. ob. In Th'ro D.x. li. xiiij. s. ix. d.
per iij. tail' Et deb. iiij". ij. li. xv. s. o. Scd non debent
summoncri dc xxxvij. li. ij. s. iiij. d. que sunt de undecima
propriorum bonorum Abbatum de Furneus Cokcrsand Mi-
rivair Stanlawc et Dieulacres ct Prior' dc Lythum et Burscou
et de quibus superius oncrantur in summa totali sicut con-
tinetur in predicto R" de particulis qui quidem abbates ct
priores sunt quieti de prestacione prcdictc undecime dc
propriis bonis suis pro eo quod conccsserunt Regi dccimam
omnium bonorum suorum ecclesiasticorum sicut continetur
superius in titulo. Et debent xlv. li. xij. s, viij, d. o. De
quibus Edmundus frater Regis qui in obscquio Regis moratur
in partibus Vascon' et pro quo et cujus villaiiis iidem
collectores oneranturper particulas in predicta summa tolali
dc xxj. li. xij. s. viij, d. o. dc undecima bonorum ipsius
Comitis et villanorum suorum in diversis vilHs in Com. predicto
sicut continetur in predicto R" particularum rospondet infra
de eisdem xxj. li. xij. s, viij. d. o. pro prcdictis coUcctoribus.
Et debcQt xxiiij. li. Iidem r. comp. de codem dcbito. In
■ Th'ro n'. Et eisdem taxator' ct coll' pro expensis ct misis
quas fecerunt circa collcccionem denariorum predictarum
undecime ct septime et denar' cariand' usque Lond' et
Scociam per vices C, s. Et debent xvj. li. xij. s. viij. d, o, Et
respondent in Rotulo v'^R, E, filii Regis hujus in Lancastr'.
Edmundus frater Regis debet xxj, li. xij. s. viij, d. o. de
undecima bonorum suorum et villanorum suorum in diversis
J
EDWARD THE FIRST
191
villis in Com. Lane' pro Magistro Ric'o de Houghton' et
Nich'o lilundel taxat' et coU' prcdicte undecime sicut supra
continetur.' Et resp. in R° v'" R. E. filii Regis hujus.
\_Pipe Roll, 34 Etfiv. I. Rotulis Compotorum.]
Comparative Table of Receifis
Cmittfy
Eleventh
Seventh
Total
I. North of Trent
i- s.
<(.
^■
J. rf.
£■
s. d.
Cumberland
■ 330 s
S
9
I Si
339
6 loi
Lancaster
■ 576 14
84
16
>5 '
593
9 9i
Northumberland ..
. 833 '9
'54
5 9h
988
4 9*
Westmoreland ..
. 226 i3
8
3
3 5i
230
2 li
York: N. Riding..
■ 744 7
li
187
13 it=i
932
1 oi
E. Riding "
614
I ui
W. Riding'
794
12 M\
2, SOUTH OF Trent
Essex
1.893 5
■c-i
=5
1. Hi
1,918
\J 10
Middlesex
435 19
oA
4
13
440
i: oi
Norfolk
4,7'6 4
7
647
2 10
5.363
7 5
London City' ...
'.377
19 Sh
SUieint)* anil (Stgbtfi of jnotteabU (Sooiie
payable in moieties
before 2 Feb. 1296-7 and 2 June 1297.
(*)
In aid of his war with France, Parliament granted to the
king, on the twenty-ninth day of Novetnber 1296, a
TwELtTll of moveable goods in counties, and an EIGHTH
in cities, boroughs and royal demesnes.
' All this is exactly copied from the roll ; but there is evident error,
because £\ (or low.), deducted from a debt of ^24, leaves a balance of
^19. By some mischance the deduction has been made from
£,i\ I2J. i\ii., due from Edmutui the king's brother ; for which amount
the collectors have already taken credit, and reduced their debt of
l.a ij.. 8i,(. 10 cr.i.
• The Eleventh and Seventh are not separately stated.
' The City of London, of course, paid a Seventh only.
* No documents found fur LANCASHIRE.
J
192 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
The Parliament, which was summoned to meet at Saint Edmunds
(now Bury) on the morrow of All Souls (3 Nov.) 1296, granted to the
king on the 29th of November, in aid of his war waged with the king of
France for the recovery of Gascony, a Twelfth of moveable goods in
counties, and an Eighth in cities, boroughs and royal demesnes. The
levy was to be made upon all goods that were in the field, or in the
house, or elsewhere on Michaelmas-day last (29 Sept. 1296) ; and trea-
sure * in money, which had been before excepted (p. 182), was now to be
included. The form of taxation is written at length in Metnorcmda
(Q,R,\ 25 Edw. I. Ro. 87. Twelve men of each hundred duly elected were
again to act (as seen before under the Eleventh, p. 188) in concert with four
lawful men and the reeve of every town. The temporal goods of the
clergy and of their villains were likewise to be taxed, except in the case
of those who had fined for themselves and their villains.' The goods
exempted from taxation were those before named (pp. 178, 182), save
treasure in money which (as above seen, eighth line) was now ordered
to be taxed.^ All cities and boroughs, large and small, of the kingdom
whatsoever and of whosesoever tenure or liberty (Jraunchise\ and all
the king's demesnes were to be taxed to the Eighth, the exceptions in
goods* being those before allowed in the like cases. The goods of no
one to be taxed to the Twelfth, if below twelve shillings ; or to the
Eighth, if below eight shillings in value.
The taxors assigned in Lancashire by the king's letters, with the
teste of his treasurer, W, de Langton bishop-elect of Coventry and Uch-
Held^ and bearing date at Westminster 29 Nov. in the 25th year (1296),
* " touz les biens de chescun queu part qil feussent auxi bien en
chaump come en mesoun ou ailleurs le jour de la seint Michel prochein
passe auxi bien tresor en deniers come touz autres bien." [Memoranda
\q,R.\ 25 Edw. I. (n« 21) Ro. 2^7]
2 The clergy, availing themselves of the bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
dated 24 Feb. 1295-6, which forbad the payment of any taxes to lay-
men under any pretence whatever, refused a subsidy to the king, where-
upon Edward proceeded to seize all their lay-fees, together with their
goods and chattels, and imprisoned certain of the clergy for publishing
the pope's bull and sentence of excommunication. [Brady, History of
Edw. I. &c. 40 E to 5 1 D] See also Constitutional History of England
(ed. Stubbs), ii. 141.
* " Et fet a saver qe en ceste taxacioun serrount forspris anneure e
mounture jueaux e robes a chivaliers e gentiz hommes e a leur femmes e
leur vesseale dor e dargent e darreim."
* E en citez burgs e viles marchaundes serrount forspris une robe
pur le homme e un autre pur la femme e un lit pur ambedeux e un anel
e un fermail dor ou dargent e un ceynt de saye quil usent toutz les jours
e ensement un hanap de argent ou de mazere dount il beivent. [Memo-
randa (as before, note i).]
EDWARD THE FIRST 1 93
were Master Richard de Hoghton 2sAJohn Gentil^ who were to assess,
tax, levy and collect the Twelfth, and to bring the money therefrom
received to the exchequer at two terms, namely ; one moiety before
{citrd) the feast of the Purification next (2 Feb. 1296-7), and the other
moiety before {citra) the feast of Pentecost following (2 June 1297). *
Afterwards the king wrote to the taxors in the several counties, re-
minding them that although they had been distinctly enjoined to pay
the first moiety before the feast of the Purification, no money had been
sent up to that date (23 January 1296-7). They were now commanded
to attend to the matter at once. These commands being yet unheeded,
the taxors and collectors of the Twelfth in Lancashire — the same form
of writ being used for other counties — were addressed on the sixth of
March following (1296-7), and required, after grave remonstrance for
their dilatory conduct, immediately on sight of the letters, to proceed
night and day with the collection of the levy, under the threat for further
delay in paying the first moiety, in all or in part, of having their goods
and tenements seized, and their bodies committed to prison. ^
The question whether any payments were made at an earlier date
cannot be exactly answered ; but, at least, there exists a Receipt-roll
which commences on Tuesday 23 April 1297, headed " Rotulus Duode-
cime et Octave in termino Pasche anno regni Regis E. xxv***." The
evidence of this roll calls for a remark upon the commencement of Commence-
Easter-term. Easter-day falling (in the year 1297) on the fourteenth of °Jjp^^ °^
April, the term — observe the words, " in termino Pasche " — includes, if ^^^^ '
it does not begin upon, Tuesday after the Close ' of Easter, or Tuesday- in the
week following, i,c, 23 April Precisely the same calculation is found by Exchequer
the Receipt of the Tenth and Sixth quoted before (p. 185). In that year Court.
(1295) Easter fell on the third of April, and the first receipt in Easter-
term {in termino Pasche) is dated on Tuesday after the Close of Easter,
or 12 April. Also in the case of a Clerical Subsidy* granted to the king,
the Receipt-roll for Easter- term in the 23rd year begins on Tuesday
12 April. Further a Receipt-roll of Tallage (extracted below, p. 249)
in Easter-term 32 Edw. I.* begins with Tuesday the 7th of April. Now
Easter-day in 32 Edw. I. (1304) was 29 March, and here is the first
payment on the Tuesday-week following, or Tuesday after the Close of
Easter. Hence there appears to be deducible a rule that Easter-term
begins nine days after Easter-day.
Both Nicolas • and Bond'' state that " Easter Term began seventeen
* Memoranda {Q.R,\ 25 Edward I. Ro. 87. See also Parliametttary
Writs y i. 51.
* Memoranda {Q»R.\ 25 Edward I. Ro. 88 dorso.
' The " Close of Easter " is the Sunday after Easter, or Quasimodo.
* Exchequer, Treasury of Receipt. Miscellanea^ ^^\\o, * Ibid. ^^JT,
* Chronology of History (Second Edition), page 385.
' Handy-Book of Rules and Tables for verifying Dates, &c. (1875),! 74.
O
194 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
days, i.e, the Wednesday fortnight, after Easter day** ; and no hint is
given by either writer as to the terms in the Court of Exchequer differ-
ing from those in the other courts, although Hopton in his Concordancy^
cited by Nicolas (385, note t) as his authority, says : —
"TheExchequer alwaies openeth eight dayes before anyTearme; onely
excepting Trinitie Tearme, and then it openeth but 4 daies before." *
To return to the receipt-roll of the Twelfth and Eighth above men-
tioned (p. 193). The manner in which the entries are made is as follows : —
Die Martis xxiij** de April*
Wyltes' D' Joh'e de Holte et Henr' de Tydolshide coir xij«
et viij* in Com' Wiltes' Clvj. li.
Summa. Clvj. li.
Die Mercur*
Suflf* D' Rog'o de Soterl et Ric'o Lenebaud colP xij" in
Com' Suff* Dl. li.
Derb* D' Henr* de Braylesford' et Rob'to Bozoun coU' xij"
in Com' Derb' CCC. li.
Summa. DCCCl. li.
*******
*******
Die Sab'ti [primodiejunii]
Lane* D' Mag'ro Ric'o de Hoghton' et Joh'ne le Gentyl
coll' xij* in Com' Lane* CCCCxxxv. li. xvj. d.
Norhumbr' D' Rog'o Mauduit et Rob'to de Merleye coll' xij«
in Com' Norhumbr' CCC. li.
Summa. DCCxxxv. li. xvi. d.
Die Veneris in septimana Pent'
Norhumbr' D' Rog'o Mauduit et Rob'to de Merleye coll' xij«
in Com' Norhumbr' xx. li.
Summa. xx. li.
Summa totalis usque hue — xiiijM. DC. xxv. li. xj. s. [iiij. d.]
The next receipts are headed " Post Trinitat." and commence on
Tuesday after the feast of Holy Trinity, the eleventh day of June, with
a payment of ;^7 \s, ^d. by the collectors in the county of Surrey, and of
;^20 by those in Cambridgeshire. Omitting the intermediate entries,
the next payment by the collectors for Lancashire is : —
Die Sabati xiij" die Julii
Lane D' Mag'ro Ric'o de Hoghton' et Joh'ne le Gentyl
coir xij* in Com' Lane' xxj. li. xiiij. s.
* A Concordancy o/Ycares, &c. by Arthur Hopton. London, 161 2,
8vo. p. 245 ; Hopton' s Concordancy enlarged, &c. by John Penkethman,
London, 1635, Svo. p. 246.
EDWARD THE FIRST
I9S
The receipts are continued until Friday 13 Sept. on which day the
collectors in the North Riding of Yorkshire paid the sum of ;^86 3J. 4^/.
A condensed abstract of the first portion of the roll will serve to
convey some idea of the intermittent manner in which the money col-
lected from various counties was received in the Exchequer.
A.D, 1297. April County
Tuesday 23 Wilts
Wednesday 34 Suffolk ..
Derby . .
£t. *. d.
t56 - -
550 - -
300 - -
;C85o
Monday 39 Nottingham.. 420
Lincoln . . . . 800
May
;^i.39o
Friday
3 Northampton 300
Huntingdon . . 46
Saturday 4 Rutland
;C346
z66 a -
A.D. 1297. May County
Tuesday 7 Southampton
£,' s. d.
357 - -
Wednesday 8
Thursday 9
Tuesday 14
Thursday 16
Friday 17
Monday ao
Wednesday 22
Westmoreland 100 - -
Cumberland .. 140
;C597
Essex .. .. 340
Sussex .. 6x4 4 6
Northumbland 400
York, N.R. .. 500 - ~
Oxford 40
Leicester .. aoo
London .. 976
The greatest receipt in one day was ^^3,037 i6j. on Friday the 24th of
May, made up of these sums : — Worcestershire, ^24 5 ; Kent, ;£973 8^- \
Southampton, ;£i53 8^. ; Salop, ;£i66; London, ^900; Norfolk, ;£6oo.
A,D, 1297. Summary
Received from 23 April to 7 June
Ditto from 11 June to 13 September ...
£, 5, d,
14,625 II 4
2,444 16 6
Total Receipt of this Roll ;£ 1 7,070 7 10
[Exck, Treasury of Receipt, Miscellanea tt]
The Accounts of the collectors in the several counties are inserted in
the Pipe Roll, 34 Edw, I., to which already reference has been made
(pp. 187, 191) :—
Compoti diversorum de duodecima et octava
Regi a laicis concessis anno xxv*®.
COMPOTUS Magistri Ric'i de Houghton' et Joh'is le
Gentyl taxatorum et coUectorum duodecime et octave in
Com. Lancastr* Regi xxix. die Novembris anno xxv. con-
cessarum per Comites Barones Milites et omnes alios de
regno in subsidium guerre Regis quam Rex pro recuperanda
terra Vascon' quam terram Rex Franc' super Regem occu-
paverat contra eundem Regem Francorum moverat de eisdem
o 2
Lanc*
29 Nov.
1296.
196 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
duodecima et octava Comitatus predicti videlicet de duo-
decima omnium bonorum mobilium Comitum Baronum
Militum et aliorum de regno et de octava omnium bonorum
mobilium hominum de dominicis civitatibus et aliis burgis et
villis mercator* quorumcunque fuerint in regno Exceptis bonis
mobilibus Archiepiscoporum Episcoporum Abbatum Priorum
religiosorum et ceteri cleri regni ecclesiis suis annexis que ad
dictas duodecimam et octavam minime taxabantur et que
excipiebantur in forma taxacionis dictarum duodecime et
octave sicut continetur in Memorandis termino Sancti
Michaelis anno xxv. incipiente.
lidem redd. comp. de CCCC.lxvj. li. vj. s. v. d. de duo-
decima in Com. predicto sicut continetur in rotulo de particulis
quem liberaverunt in Thesauro. Et de xvj. li. ij. s. vij. d. ob.
de octava bonorum Burgensium in burgis de Lancastr* Preston'
in Aumundemesse et Vigein sicut continetur ibidem.
Summa recepte duodecime et octave
CCCC. iiij"ij li. ix. s. ob. In ThVo CCCC.xxxv li. xvj. d.^
per unam talliam. Et debent xlvij. li. vij. s. viij d. ob. lidem
r. comp. de eodem debito. In Th'o nichil. Et in perdon'
Henr' de Lascy Comiti Lincoln' qui in obsequio R. per pre-
ceptum R. in partibus Vascon' moram facit xiiij. li. xiij. s.
V. d. de duodecima propriorum bonorum predicti comitis in
Hundredo de Blakeburnsh* per breve Regis in quo continetur
quod Rex mandat Baron* de Scaccario quod quia predictus
comes in obsequio R. in partibus predictis moram facit ipsum
Henr* de duodecima ilium de bonis suis propriis racione
duodecime Regi a laicis regni sui concesse contingente
quietum esse faciant. Et in perdon' Ric'o filio Joh'is qui
moratur in obsequio R. in predictis partibus Vascon* per pre-
ceptum R. vj. s. de propriis bonis ipsius Ric'i in villa de
Wytheton* in Com. predicto per breve Regis. Et debent pre-
dicti taxatores et collectores xxxij. li. viij. s. iij. d. ob. lidem
r. comp. de eodem debito. In Thes. nichil. Et eisdem taxa-
toribus et collectoribus pro expensis et misis quas fecerunt
circa colleccionem denariorum predictarum duodecime et
* This amount, as above seen (p. 194), was paid on Saturday the first
of June 1297.
EDWARD THE FIRST 197
octave et denar' cariand' usque London' C. s. Et debent
xxvij. li. viij. s. iij. d. ob. Sed resp' in R<> v^^ Regis E.^ filii
Regis hujus in Lancastr'.
[^Pipe Roily 34 Edw. I. Rotulo compotorum]
Comparative Table of Receipts
County
Twelfth
Eighth
Total
X. North of Trent
£'
s, d.
£, s. (f.
£' ^'
d
Cumberland
307
14 Hi
7 15 3i
315 10
2i
Lancaster
466
6 5
16 2 7i
482 9
Northumberland
721
9
184 7 Si
905 8
2i
Westmoreland
231
6 2
3 I I
234 7
3
York : N. Riding ...
696
13 4
185 14 iii
882 8
3i
E. Riding 2 ...
• • •
• • •
• • » • • •
455 8
7i
W.Riding'...
• • •
• • •
• • • • • •
681
I
2. South of Trent
J^SSCX • . • ...
1,032
9 9h
100 19 9
1,133 9
6i
Middlesex
307
18 lof
4 3 4
312 2
2j
Norfolk
2,816
I 5
376 8 8
3,192 10
I
London City'
• • •
• • •
1,999 7
I
9 i^intti' of moneatiU <9oo]i0
payable in moieties
7 Dec. 1297 and 3 Feb. 1297-8.
(*)
n the Parliament which had been summoned, in the A»25»
Edw I
king's name by Edward his son, to meet at London on the
6th of October 1297, a NINTH of moveable goods in counties* ^ Oct.
I2Q7
was granted to the king, although absent from England, in
consideration of his having undertaken to renew and confirm
the Great Charter of Liberties and Charter of the Forest.
* The Pipe Roll^ here referred to, shows the following : — " Magister
Ric's de Houghton* et Joh'es Gentyl taxatores et collectores duodecime
et octave in Com. Lane* [blank] xxvij. li. viij. s. iij. d. ob. de remanenti
compoti sui de eisdem xij' et viij' sicut continetur in R° xxxiiij**' R<»comp*
in Lane*." \PiP^ ^oll, 5 Edw, IL Lancastre]
- The Twelfth and Eighth are not separately stated.
' The City of London, of course, paid an Eighth onl)'.
* No documents are now to be found for Lancashire.
* The levy of a Ninth was made in cities, boroughs and royal demesnes,
by an order subsequently issued (p. 214).
198 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
A.D, The late Rev. Joseph Hunter remarked* that, of the Eighth and Fifth
1297. granted in 25 Edw, I., "no accounts or other documents have yet been
Eighth recovered." The reason for none such appearing is, that the grant in
a^d question was withdrawn. This fact is placed upon record by a writ
* dated 14 Dec. 1297, directing the barons of the exchequer to allow to
the late sheriff of Cornwall \n his accompt one hundred shillings which,
by the king's command, he had delivered for their expenses to the two
persons assigned to tax, levy and collect in the county of Devon the
Eighth and Fifth ; which had been lately granted by the laity, but were
afterwards revoked {(que quidem octava et quinta postmodum revocate
fuerunt). Here is the evidence : —
Pro Thoma de Rex eisdem [i.e. Baronibus suts de Scaccarid\
la Hide nuper salutem Allocate Thome de la Hide vicecomtH
vie* Comub' nostri Comub^ in compoto suo ad scaccarium pre-
dictum Centum solidos quos per preceptum nostrum
liberavit Thome de Kand et Ric'o de Podyforde de comitatu Cornubie ad
octavam et quintam nuper nobis a laicis regni nostri concessam in
comitatu Devon^ taxand^ levand^ etcolligend^ assignatis anno regni nostri
vicesimo quinto pro expensis suis circa premissa facienda que quidem
octava et quinta postmodum revocate fuerunt Nisi etc. Et recipiatis
ab eo breve nostrum de precepto per quod predictam pecuniam liberavit
necnon et litteras patentes predictorum Thome de Kamf et Ric^i recep-
cionem dicte pecunie testificantes. Teste ut supra [i.e. Edwardo filio regis
14 Dec. apud Turrim Lond* xiiij, die Decembris], per billam de scaccario,
"97. ^Liberate Roll, 26 Edw, I. w. 8]
Edward, having engaged by treaty with Guy count of Flanders to
assist him in person, with a view to joint action against their common
enemy the king of France^ summoned the earls, barons and other his
military tenants, to be at London on Sunday (7 July) after the Octave of
S.John Baptist, in readiness to go with him whithersoever he willed. Like
summonses were also issued for all those who possessed ;£2o (or more)
by the year in lands or rent ; and all prelates, widows and other women,
holding of the king in chief by knight's service, or by serjeanty, were
strictly enjoined to have their service at London on the same day
(7 July).^ The presence of such a concourse at the seat of government,
and in the very height of summer, afforded Edward an opportunity to
hold a general council or parliament ; the rather, as he was in great need
of money for the expedition to Flanders, as well as for paying his forces
engaged in Gascony and Scotland. The earl constable and earl marshal '
* Second Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, Appendix ii.
p. 1 38, note.
2 See the series of writs printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 53, 55, 56.
3 Humfrey de Boliun earl of Hereford and Essex, lord high constable ;
Roger Bigod earl of Norfolk, marshal of England,
EDWARD THE FIRST 1 99
absolutely refused to perform the duties of their respective offices, and to
enrol the names of those who had received a military summons, or had
assembled by request ; upon the plea that their feudal tenure did not
include any obligation to go with the king to Flanders.^ They in
writing desired £^/fze;an/ to appoint in their room others of his house-
hold. After the failure of protracted efforts to move them to obey him,
by intervention of those about his person and in his confidence, he
acted upon the suggestion made, and nominated Thotnas de Berkeley
constable, and Geoffrey de Genevile marshal. After a time the two earls
withdrew from the court, and were joined in their opposition to the king
by many other knights.*
At the sitting of the parliament, which was held in spite of the con-
tumacy and departure of the two g^reat earls and their followers,
Edward*% necessities allowed him no choice but to agree that, if a grant
of money were now made to him, he would renew and confirm the two
charters granted by his father. The day on which the grant was made
is not stated ; but, judging from what has been seen before, it may be
fairly inferred that, like the three levies immediately preceding, the date
of the writs is the date also of the grant Thus : —
Date of Date of
Page Grant Writ
182 Tenth and Sixth Nov. 12 Nov. 12, 1294.
188 Eleventh and Seventh ... Dec 4 Dec. 4, 1295.
192 Twelfth and Eighth ... Nov. 29 Nov. 29, 1296.
On the 30th of July 1297, the king appointed taxors in the several
counties ; nominating William de Saint Quintin and Geoffrey de
Hothom of the county of York, to act in Lancashire ; Robert de Hoylande^
and Alan U Norreys of Lancashire, to act in the county of Derby. In
the letters addressed to the knights, free tenants and commonalty of
Westmoreland--\}a!t same form being used for all counties — it is stated
that the earls, barons, knights and other laymen in counties had granted
an Eighth part ; and the citizens, burgesses and other honest men, a
Fifth part of their moveable goods, in order to obtain from him the con-
firmation of the Great Charter of Liberties, and the Charter of the Forest
granted by his father of famous memory. The levy was to be made upon
* It will be seen that afterwards this objection was allowed by the
king (p. 202).
' These details are given on the authority of Edward himself in the
declaration referred to below (p. 201, note 4}.
> He was one of the collectors of the Fifteenth (pp. 177, 179), and is
presumably the person whose name occurs (p. 169) under the Thirtikth
as Robert de HoyV — a contracted form of Hoylande^ otherwise written
Holonde^ Holandty &c (now Holland), See Alphabetical Digest —
Persons, Parliamentary Writs, vol. i. 671.
200 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
A.D, goods had in the field, house, or elsewhere, on the eighth of September
1297* following,* with the exception of armour, riding-horses, jewels and gowns
for knights and gentle men, and their wives ; also their vessels of gold,
silver and brass.
In the mean time Edward had to provide for the administration of
affairs at home, while absent himself on his projected expedition. So,
on Sunday the fourteenth of July, the prelates, earls, barons and other
magnates of the realm being called together within his palace of
Westminster, they in his presence, and with his and their united assent
and will, did fealty severally to Edward the king's son, and took a
corporal oath in this form, namely ; " That we will be faithful and loyal
to Edward son of Edward king of England^ and toward him faith and
loyalty bear, in life and limb and earthly honour, against all people ;
and, after his father's death, we will keep him for our king and lord.
So help us God and the Saints ! '' On the Tuesday following the earl
marshal, earl constable with other great men, all the aldermen of the
city of London, their fellow-citizens, and many more did fealty in the
like form. Such is the substance of an entry among Memoranda of this
year, on the margin of which is drawn a crowned head and an arm
outstretched, receiving a sceptre with the left hand. A transcript of this
memorandum here follows: —
De fidelitate facta Edwardo filio Regis Edwardi
Memorandum quod die Dominica proxima ante festum Sancte Mar-
garete anno regni Regis nunc vicesimo quinto ipso Rege apud Westm. ex-
istente convocatisque ibidem archiepiscopis episcopis abbatibus prioribus
comitibus baronibus et aliis magnatibus hujus regni in presencia ipsius
Regis infra palacium suum Westm. ex assensu et voluntate ipsius Regis et
magnatum predictorum ipsi magnates videlicet venerabiles patres R. de
Winchelese Cantuar* archiepiscopus tocius Anglie primas Magister Henr*
de Newerk' Ebor. frater W. de Hothum Dublin* elect i A. de Beke
Dunolm' O. de Sutton' Lincoln' W. de Luda Elyens' R. de Walpol
Norwic' R. de Gravesende London' W. de March' Bath' et Wellens'
episcopi W. de Bello campo comes Warr* J. de Hastinges W. de Breouse
Th. de Berkle G. de Geynvill' A. de Valenc* H. le Despenser et alii
magnates videlicet quilibet eorum per se fecerunt fidelitatem Edwardo
filio domini Regis Edwardi Regis nunc et juramentum inde prestiterunt
corporate in hac forma videlicet — Que nous serroms feaux e leaux a
Edward fuiz Edward Roy Dengleterre efoy e leaute ly porteroms de vie
e de membre e de terriene honur encountre totes gentz e apres la mort son
piere por Rey e seignur ly tendroms, St Dieus nous eydee les seintz,
Postea secundo die sequenti R. Bygod comes NoriT et marescallus
Anglie H. de Boun comes Hereford' et constabularius Anglie et alii
magnates regni et omnes Aldermanni civitatis London' et alii concives
' For the form of levying the Eighth, and other documents connected
therewith, see Parliamentary IVritSyl 53-56.
EDWARD THE FIRST 201
ejtisdem civitatis et quamplures de regno fidelitatem fecerunt in forma
memorata. [Exck. L.T.R. Memoranda (n* 26), 24 & 25 Edw, I, m. 55]
In a letter of Edward, dated at Eltham 2 Aug. 1297, and addressed
to the before-mentioned count of Flanders^ he excuses himself for his
delay in crossing the sea, and enters upon an explanation. He had sent
word (he says) by Guy^ messengers upon their return home, that he
would be at London on Sunday (7 July) after the Octave of S. John
Baptist, and would then go with his army to take his passage as quickly
as possible. Before that day, indeed, he came to London -? but, hindered
by great business which he had to do, he could not set out for the sea
until this instant Wednesday the thirty-first of July,* on which day he
began his journey towards the port of embarkation. And now he intends
(he adds) to spend not more than a night anywhere until he arrives at the
sea-coast where, please God, he will find his armed men, and everything
required for his passage in such readiness, that he will have to wait only
for the will of God and suitable weather, before he comes to Flanders
with all the haste he can.
The great business {grants busoignes) which had delayed the king,
was mainly that of supply ; for which, by the issue of writs tested on the
30th of July (the day before he left London), he believed that he had
sufficiently provided A few days later (12 Aug.), when arrived at Ody-
mere (now Udimore) near Winchelsea, in order to contradict the false
reports put in circulation, he felt himself compelled to publish a state-
ment at great length,^ which was sent for general information to all the
sheriffs in England ; recounting the truth of recent events, as connected
with the refusal of the two earls and their adherents to go with him
into Flanders, and setting forth the urgency of his position. In this he
* Printed in Rymer's Fosdera, i. 869, and preceded (p. 850) by various
instruments touching the treaty of alliance between Edward *and the
count The latter gave at Bruges, on the morrow of S. John Baptist
(25 June) 1297, an acquittance for 76,000 livres Toumois (;£ 18,240), on
account of 100,000 (or, at £2^ sterling for one hundred livres, £2^,000)
of the same money; in which sum Edward "^2:^ bound to him for the first
year of the convention between them. \F<xdera, i. 868.]
^ Edward h&d been at Canterbury from the 2nd to the loth of June.
He then went by Ospring, Leeds, Chatham, &c. through Greenwich to
Westminster, where his teste is found on the i8th of June.
' '* mes pur grantz busoignes qui nous eumes illoekes araer de
establisement de nos terres, e pur aucuns pelrinages e pur assez des
autres grantz choses qui nous eumes a faire . . . nous ne peumes
partir de illoeques pur aler vers la meer jesques a ice Meskerdy le
darrein jour de JuyL" [Fadera, i. 869.]
* Printed from Patent Roll, 25 Edw, Impart 2, m, 7, by Brady in his
Continuation of the Complete History of England, Appendix n*» 31 (p. 20),
with a translation at p. 55 of the same volume ; and in Fadera, i. 872.
202 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
undertakes to grant the confirmation of the Great Charter of Liberties
and Charter of the Forest, in return for a general gift, such as is very
greatly needed at this moment.* He declares that he knows nothing of
certain articles alleged to have been shown to him by the earls. Under-
standing that, amongst these, complaint is made as to the aids so
frequently demanded from his people, while it grieves him greatly to
have so burdened them, he begs them to remember in excuse; that these
levies had been forced upon him by his wars in Gascony, Wales, Scot-
land and elsewhere, which he could not have carried on without their
assistance in money. He has laid these taxes upon them, not with any
personal wish to gain lands, or castles, or towns, but with the sole
thought of defending himself, and them, and the whole kingdopi. He
avows his will and great desire to amend every thing which he ought to
reform on his return from the voyage which he is now making. If he
should never return, he will ordain that his heir shall fulfil his own
designs for such amendments, just as if he had come back himself. He
insists upon the peril of his ally, and the imperative necessity of going
to his succour, being bound by treaty obligations ; and he concludes by
asking for their prayers, that his voyage may redound to his own and
their honour, and in the end bring about a durable peace.
This remarkable condescension on the king's part, however much it
may have impressed the general body of the people, had no effect in
moderating the opposition of the earls and their followers. Indeed
they were stimulated to further resistance, for they had succeeded after
much altercation in wringing from Edward the concession, that all those
who owed service to him, and had £p.o in land, were not bound to go
with him to Flanders,* except upon payment of their stipends and wages
by him. So Bartholomew Cotton^ who is extraordinarily accurate in his
narrative of the events of this year. His statements, when tested, are
found to exactly agree with the public records ; and he evidently writes
with a full knowledge of what was then happening in the kingdom. .This
is what he says : —
'^ Eodem ^ anno post multas et varias altercationes, concessit dominus
rex omnibus qui debebant sibi servitium, et viginti libratas terrae-
habentibus, non teneri ire secum in Flandriam, nisi ad vadia et pro
stipendiis dicti domini regis."
The burdens which were borne by the nation at large having been
* " E pur aver le confermement de la graunt chartre des fraunchises
Dengleterre e de la chartre de la foreste le queu confermement le Reys
leur ad graunte bonement si li graunterent un commun doun tel com lui
est mult bosoygnable en poynt de ore." \Pat. Roll, 25 Ed. I. /. 2, m, 7.]
* This, it may be remembered, was the main point at issue between
the king and the earls constable and marshal (p. 199).
' Bartholomcei de Cotton monachi Norwicensis Historia Anglicana
(ed. Luard), 1858, 8vo. page 327.
EDWARD THE FIRST
203
lol, as granted to h
as, that he could n
; of whom were absent i
aflmitted by Eiiward'm general terms, and specifically in the matter of
heavy and frequent taxation, the earls and their adherents behevcd
themselves justified in formulating the grievances' felt by the prelates,
by themselves, and by the whole commonalty of England ; and in sending
them fairly written out for delivery by their own messengers to the king
at Winchelsea. They put forward (amongst many other things) the
non-observance of the Great Charter, and also complained of the tax laid
upon wool at forty shillings the sack, which was not only grievous but
illegal, inasmuch as the king was properly entitled to no more than the
custom of half a mark upon every sack of w
first parliament (p. 1 57). EdiuariVi reply n
the messengers without his council, so mi
London, and others elsewhere ; and he ended by entreating the earls at
least to do no mischief 10 the kingdom in his absence, for he hoped by
the favour of God to return, and then everything should be put in due
order to their content. This postponement of the reforms, which were
required instantly, served to harden the earls and their party ; and they
resolved to do all in their power to get rid of the hateful impost, which
was to be levied upon them in the coming month of September.
Accordingly on Thursday (z2 Aug.) before the feast of S. Bariholomew
at the hour of tierce (nine a.mi) the earl marshal, the earl of Hereford,
Robtri Jits Roger, Alan la Zouclie, John de St-grave, Henry le {alias de)
Tieys and "jDhti Luvel, accompanied by many other bannerets and
knights, went to the exchequer at Westminster, and protested against
thelevy of the Eighth. The earl of //c«/jri^ said that he was charged
by the earl marshal and others then present, as well as by the whole
commonalty, clerks and laymen, to say, thai by two things they were
aggrieved. One of these recited certain grievances which had been
already shown in Articles sent to the king ; the other arose out of the
levy of an Eighth and the prise of wools. In the writs issued for the
Eighth, the tax was stated to have been granted by the earls, barons,
knights and commonalty of the realm, whereas' no such grant had been
' These " injuries and grievances " are given, in an English translation
from the text of IVa/singham, by Dr. Brady in his Hisloiy, \i. 57, 58,
together with the result IVahingham (who lived as late as the reign
of Henry the Fifth) copied the " nocumtnla," word for word, from Trivet.
Compare his Ypodigma Neustria: (ed. Riley), 207, with Nic. Triveti
Annates (ed. Hog), 361 ; but the recital of the latter is a Latin translation
only. The articles of the petition (for such il was) were really written in
French ; and the form, in which they were actually submitted 10 the king,
is given at length by Hsmingford \Chronicoit Walleri de Hemingburgk
(ed Hamilton), ii. 124].
' " la ou le dit utime par eaux ne par la dite comunuate unqes ne fui
granie." See before (p. 199) for the terms of the writ cited by the earl
constable.
204 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
made by them ; and he averred that, if such a levy were collected, the
fact would turn hereafter to the prejudice of themselves and their heirs ;
for to tax them at will was to reduce them to a state of serfdom. He
concluded by openly declaring — in which avowal he was followed by all
present — that such tax and prise of wools were intolerable, and that they
would not permit these imposts to be laid in any wise. Demanding that
redress should be given, they then departed without waiting for an
answer. Thereupon the acting treasurer {tenens locum thesaurarii)
and barons wrote to the king, relating whal had taken place, and
desired to know his will in the matter, despatching their letter,^
written at once on that Thursday, by Robert Divelyn^ usher of the
exchequer. Edward had gone on board his ship at Winchelsea the
very same day' (22 Aug.), but before he left port the messenger
arrived. The king after due consideration sent his answer, dated on
the following day (23 Aug.) at Winchelsea to this effect. As to what
the earls and their companions had said about not suffering the levy
of the Eighth or the prise of wools to be carried out, he commands the
barons to go on with the Eighth in the form laid down; but, because
the malcontents alleged that the levy might be used hereafter to their
prejudice and disherison, proclamation is to be made in all counties,
that any one still in doubt can have letters patent, declaring that the
collection of this Eighth shall not so be turned, or drawn into any
precedent in time to come. The chancellor, under the seal kept for use
during the king's absence abroad, and the barons, under the exchequer
^ This letter (with others cited in the text) is inroUed among the
Memoranda (of both Remembrancers), Q.R. (n" 21) 25 Edw. I. m. 120,
L,T.R. (n** 26) 24 & 25 Edw, I. m, 55 d. ; from which it has been rather
imperfectly printed inSir^^^w Maynard^s Year-book oi Edw. II. under
the title, " Les Reports des Cases Argue et Adjudge in le Temps del
Roy Edward le Second, Et auxy Memoranda del' Exchequier en Temps
le Roy Edward le Primer . . . remanent en les mains de Sir J eh an
Maynard Chevaler," &c. London, 1678, folio.
' See the " Memorandum " printed in Fwdera^ i. 876, and stating the
fact that on this day he was ready for the voyage (J>aratus ad transfre-
tandum). The vessel in which Edward now embarked, called here * Cog
Edward,' must have been the Cog Saint Edward^ John Pate master,
which hailed from Winchelsea, and was one of the fleet of ships furnished
by the Cinque Ports for the conveyance of Edmund the king's brother
to Gascony, as his lieutenant in the war between Edward and the king
of France. This fact is learnt from the particulars of wages due for the
vessels so employed from the 7th of March 24th year (1295-6) to
Ascension-day following (3 May 1296), for fifty-eight days, in which they
were with Edmund; and for fifteen days occupied in returning to England.
See the list, showing the sums to be paid (in excellent condition, well
and clearly written), in Exch. Q.R. Memoranda (30), 34 Edw, I. m, 38.
EDWARD THE FIRST 20$
leal, are to cause to be made, for those who wish to purchase them, such
letters as seem sufficient in their united judgment. As to the prise of
wooh^ the ordinance already published is to hold good, for he wishes to
take or have nothing without payment.^
On the next day (24 Aug.) Edward was at sea off Dover, as appears
by a letter sent to his son. As to the interference by the two earls and
their abettors, he orders public proclamation to be made throughout the
counties of England, and especially in the presence of the said earls and to
them; that they, and all those who are and wish to be in fealty to him-
aelfy allow the levy of the Eighth and the prise of wools to be fulfilled;
since they are ordained to meet a need which is so great and so urgent,
and for the safety of the king himself, as well as of his whole realm.^
Proclamation likewise is enjoined in all counties, cities, boroughs and
market towns of England, as to the prise of wools, that all persons will
be paid at reasonable rates {en tieu manere quil se deveront tenir apfiaies
par resoufi\* It seems to him (he says) that he ought to be as free to buy
wool in his own country as any other person {E il nous semble qe nous
devoms esire auxifraunks dachatier leynes en nostre pays cotne un autre).
The ordering of the two proclamations is left to the discretion of his
son and his son's council.' And whereas (he concludes) conflicting
reports may reach him, so that he may not know how much to believe,
he desires to be kept frequently informed of the actual truth in these
matters, as well as in all other things. Given under the king's privy seal
at sea off Dover, the 24th day of August in the 25th year of his reign/
' ^ £ quant a la prise des leynes voloms qe lordenance qui en est faite
se ti^;ne e qe dit soit partot auxi bien par vous come par ceaux qui sen
entremettent qe le Roi nen voet rien prendre ne avoir pur nient mais qe
par achat . . . Don* souz nostre privee seal a Winchelse le xxiij.
iour dAugst Ian de nostre regno xxv.*'
* ** . . qe vous facez crier e dire solempnement pamiy les Countiez
Dengleterre, e nomement en la presence des ditz Countes e as Countes
meismes; qe eaux^ e toutz ceaux qui a nostre foi sount e voelent estre,
sueffimit qe la levee e la prise avantdites se facent, puis qe les choses
sount ordinees pur la beusoigne qest si graunde e si hastive, e pur la
sauvacion de nous e de tut nostre Reaume. E faites ausint defendre, qe
nol ny mette empeschement, ne destourbe chose qe seit ordenee pur la
sustenaunce de nous qui sumes leur seigneur lige, e de ceaux qui ovesqes
nous vont**
'''Totes voies nous mettoms le fait de ceste criee en vos discrecions
siqele se face sil vous semble qe bon seit."
* ** E pur ceo qe diverses novelcs nous purront venir, de quei nous ne
sauriens coment crerre, vous mandoms qe vous nous facez savoir sovcnt
tote la certeinte des dites beusoignes, e de tuttes les autres . . . Don'
souz nostre privee seal en la mer devant Dovre le xxiiij. jour dAust Ian
de nostre r^^e xxv."
206 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
A,D, The king being still at Winchelsea on the morning of the same day
1297. (24 Aug.) had written to the chancellor, commanding him that, with the
advice of the barons of the exchequer, he should cause such letters
to be made as would suffice to show, that this Eighth should not
thereafter turn in any way to the prejudice of the king's subjects.
Writing from Robertsbridge to the treasurer and barons of the
exchequer, on the morrow of Saint Bartholomew's day {t.e, 25 Aug.)
the young lord Edward sent, by the hands of William de Bliburgh his
clerk, a transcript of his father's letter, which is in these words : —
^^ Tenor transcripti predicti talis est, Edward etc. a nostre chancelier
saluz. Nous vous mandoms qe par lavisement de ceaux del Eschekier
faciez faire tieux lettres come entre vous verriez qe suffisauntes seient co-
ment lutyme qe nous fesoms taxer parmi le Reaume ne puisse toumer a
prejudice ne en desheritaunce de ceaux du Reaume ne de leur heirs ne
jammeis apres tret en usage en temps avenir. Le queux lettres nous
voloms qe seient sealees du seal de la Chauncelrie dont home deit
user taunt come nous serroms la outre. Don' souz nostre prive seal a
24 Aug. Winchelse le xxiiij. iour dAugst Ian de nostre regne xxv.
[Memoranda {Q,R.) 25 Edw, I. m, 119.]
These instructions were executed by the chancellor a few days after
28 Aug. (28 Aug.), and letters patent were issued, by which the king willed and
conceded that the grant and levy of the Eighth should not lead to the
prejudice, servitude, or disherison of the people, or of any one ; or be
drawn in any wise into a custom for the future.*
Before quitting England, Edward had committed the government of
the kingdom during his absence to his son (then only thirteen* years old),
aided by a council, of which a prominent member was Reginald dt Greyt
justiciar of Cheshire, Writs were within a short time issued in the
king's name, with the teste of the regent dated at Saint Paul's, London,
15 Sept. 15 September, which — after reciting the letters patent of 28th of August
concerning the levy of an Eighth not being drawn into a precedent —
enjoined the election^ throughout England of two knights of the shire,
having full power to answer for themselves and the whole commonalty
of their county, who were to be at London in eight days from Michaelmas-
6 Oct. day {i.e. 6 October) ; the object of the assembly being to receive charters
upon the confirmation of the Great Charter of Liberties and the Charter
of the Forest, as well as letters patent upon the grant of an Eighth, and
* " Volumus et concedimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris quod predict a
concessio consensus et levacio octave predicte non cedat nee ccdcre possit
prefato populo regni nostri seu eorum alicui in prejudicium scrvitudinem
sen exheredacionem nee eciam in consuetudimm ullo modo futuris
temporibus train possit.^'' \Fcedera^ i. ^IT^
2 He was bom at Carnarvon on the twenty-fifth of April, 1284.
^ Printed in Parliamentary IVrits, I. 56 (12).
EDWARD THE FIRST 207
to do further what should be ordained by the kin^s son and his council.^
The two knights returned for Lancashire were Henry de Kigheleye and
Henry le Rotiler; as appears by the dorse of the original writ, directed
to the sheriff of this county/ and preserved among the public records.*
They found pledges for coming to parliament at the day named— for
Henry de Kigheleye^ Roger de Boulton and Adam de Stodlehurst ; for
Henry le Bottler, William son of Simon of Caterhale, and William
Gormond of the same.
Up to this date (15 Sept.), it is evident from the terms of the writs
just cited, that the levy of an Eighth was still in contemplation. With
this intention the parliament met, and the result of their deliberations
was, that on the fourth day following (10 October) the regent attested on '° ^^^'
behalf of his father a charter, confirming the two charters, granted by
the late king Henry in the ninth year of his reign (p. 9). This charter,
which in the Statute-book goes by the name of Confirmatio Cartarumf is
in the form here following taken from an original yet remaining in a
good state among the Miscellanea of the Exchequer : —
Edward* par la grace de Deu Rey de Engleterre
Seyngnur de Yrlonde e Duks Aquit' a tuz ceus qui cestes
presentes lettres verrunt ou orrunt saluz Sachez nous al
honur de Deu e de seint eglise e al profit de tut nostre
Reaume avum graunte pur nous e pur nos heyrs que la
graunt Chartre de Fraunchises e la Chartre de Forestes ® Ics
queus furrunt fetes par commune assent de tut la Reaume en
le tens le Rey Henri nostre Pere seient meintenu en tuz lur
poinz saunz nule blemisement E volums que memes celes
chartres de suz nostre seal seient enveycz a nos Justices ausi
* Ita quod sint London^ ad eundem filium nostrum modis omnibus in
octabis Sancti Michaelis proximo futur^ ad ultimum cartas super con-
Jirnuunone nostra cartarum predictarum [i.e. de libertatibus Anglie et de
tibertatibus foreste"] et litter as nostras super dicta concessione pro ipsa com-
munitaie in fortna predicta recepturi etfacturi ulterius quod per dictum
filium et consilium nostrum ibidem fuerit ordinal um.^^
[Close Noll, 25 Edw, I. m, 6 dorso]
' See Parliamentary Writs, i. 58 (26) ; also Prynne's History of King
John, &c. 736-739, where the returns of the several sheriffs are printed.
* Parliojnentary Writs and Returns, Bundle i, File 5.
* Printed in Statutes of the Realm, i. 1 23, from the Statute Roll,
henceforth to be known as "Early Chancery Roll, 868." See page 143
note 5.
* Various readings, marked C, which seem to make the text more
clear, are given from the Cotton charter (see p. 210) in notes.
* la foreste C
208
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
bien de la Foreste cum as autres e a tuz les viscountes de
Countez e a tuz nos autres Ministres e a tutes nos Cites parmi
la terre ensemblement ove nos brefs en les quels serra contenu
que il facent les avaundites Chartres pupplier e que il facent
dire au pople que nous avum graunte a tenir les en tuz lur
poinz E a nos Justices viscountes Meyres e autres Ministres
que les Leys de la terre de suz nous e par nous unt^ aguier
memes les chartes en tuz lur poinz ^ enpleydez devaunt eus
e en Jugement le^ facent alower cest a saver la Chartre de
Fraunchises cum ley commune e la Chartre de la Foreste
solum la assize de la Foreste au * mendement de nostre pople
E volums que si nul Jugemenz seient donez des ormes en
coiintre les poinz des avaundites chartres par ^ Justice ou par
autre de nos Ministres qui countre les poinz des chartres
tenent plez devaunt eus seient defetes e pur nent tenuz E
volums que ^ celes chartres de suz nostre sel seient enveyez
as Eglises Cathedrales parmi nostre Reaume e la demurgent
e 7 seient deu fez par an luwes devant le pople E que Erch-
eveskes e Eveskes doynent sentences de graunte escomenge
countre tuz iceus qui countre les avaundit chartres vendrunt
ou en fet ou en eyde ou en counseyl ou en nul point enfreind-
rent ou countre vendrunt E que celes sentences seient
denunciez e puppliez deu^ fez par an par les avauntdiz
prelaz E si memes les prelaz Eveskes ou nul de eus seient
necgligent en la denunciacion suz^ dit fere par les Erch-
eveskes de ^® Cant' e de Euerwyke pur ^^ tens serrunt sicum
ovent seient req's e destreinz a meme cele denunciacion fere
en la furme avaundite E ^^ pur ceo que acuns gent de nostre
Reaume se doutent que les eides ^^ e les mises les quels il
nous unt fet avaunt ces^* oures pur nos guerres e autres
bosoingnes de lur graunt e de lur bone volunte e^^ quelc
* ount a guier C.
' en pledz C.
^ les facent C.
^ al amendement C.
* par Justices e par nos autres
ministres C,
* kemeismes celes chartres desouz
nostre seal C
^ e soient deus fiez par an lues C.
' deux foyz C.
' susdite C
*** Caunterbire C.
" qui pur temps serrount C.
^^ E pur coe ke aukunc gentz C.
»» aides C.
*^ hourcs C
** en quele manere qe fez soient
peussent tourner C
EDWARD THE FIRST 209
manere que fet seient pussunt turner en servage a^ eus
ou lur heyris pur ceo que il serreint autrefez trovez en Roules
e ausi prises que unt este fetes parmi le Reaume par nos
ministres en nostre noun ^ si avum grauntee pur nous e pur
nos heirs que ^ memes celes eydes mises ne prises ne
trerrums a custumes pur nule chose que seit fet ou que par *
Roule ou par autre manere pot estre trove E ausi avums
graunte pur nous e pur nos heirs as Ercheveskes Eveskes
Abbes Priurs e * autre genz de seint Eglise e a Countes e a
Baruns e a tut la communaute de la terre que mes pur nule ^
bosoingne de tele manere de eyde mises ne prises de nostre
Reaume ne prendrums fors que par commune assent de tute ii^uilum
la Reaume e a commune profit de meme le R[e]aume Sauve taihgium
les ^ auncien eydes e prises duz e custumez E pur ceo que tut . ^io)
le plus de la communaute del Reaume se® sentent grevez
durement de la Maletout de Leynes cest asaver de chescun
sake de Leyn xl. s. eus unt prieS> que nous lur vousisums
relesser Nous a ^^ lur prier les avums pleinement relessez e
avum graunte que celes ne autres mes ne prendrums saunz le ^^
commun assent e lur bone volunte Sauve a nous e a nos heirs
la custume des le3mes peaus e quirs avaunt grauntez par la
communaute del Reaume avaundit. En Tempyne des quels
choses nous avums ^^ fet cestes nos lettres overtes.^ Temoyne
Edward nostre fiz a Lundres le dyme Jour de Octobre le An *^^9S^"
de nostre Regne xxv.
[^Exch. Treasury of Receipt. Miscellanea 1-]
So little has the importance or value of this charter been understood
by the official appointed to examine the document that, upon the
1297.
* a eux e a leur heyrs C,
' noun avums graunte C.
* que mes teles aydes mises C
^ par Roulle ou en autre manere
pust estre trovee C
* e as autres gentz C
* busoignie tieu manere des
aydes mises C
7 les aunciennes aydes e prises
dues e coustumees C
* se sentent durement grevez de
la male toutc des leynes C
• e nous unt prie C.
*° a leur priere C,
" leur commun assent C
« fait faire C,
*' After overtcs in Cotton Chart er^
VII. 9 — " Donees a Gaunt le quint
iour de Novembre Ian de nostre
regne vintisme quint."
210 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
paper which covers the parchment when folded, he has written this
description. : —
25 Edw. I.
" Charter [written over Proclamation struck out] of King Edward^
that he would maintain certain Charters of liberties, take no 'aids'
without the common assent of the realm &c."
Not a word as to any connexion with a statute, or a hint as to the
occasion on which it was made. By way of further illustrating the little
assistance one gets where it might naturally be expected, take '' another
place." Here the compiler of the Catalogue ^ has quite failed to see
anything suggestive of inquiry on his part. He has even misread the
regnal year — this is pardonable, considering that the document has been
injured by fire (as mentioned below) — and shows his want of acquaint-
ance with the fact, that this charter, which bears the attestation of
Edward I. at Gaunt, dated 5 Nov. in the 25th year of his reign, had been
printed at length in the year 1759 by Blackstone {The Great Charier^ &c
p. 80), with an Introduction, in the course of which the editor remarks
(Ixiii) — " This original charter of king Edward is still extant among the
Cotton charters in the British Museum ' . . . but the seal is entirely
gone. It was considerably shrivelled by the ^r^ A.D. 1731 ; but, as
the whole is still legible, though' in some parts with difficulty, it was
judged proper to take the following copy from this the most authentic
original." Of this historical charter the compiler has no more to say
than in the following words : —
"Cott.Ch. vii.9.
Confirmation by Edward I., King of England, of the Charter of Forests
and * Chartre des Franchises, les queles feurent faites par commun asent
de tout la Roiaume en le temps le Roi Henry nostre Pere.* Dat. Gaunt
[Ghent], 5 Nov. 20 Edw. I. [1292]. French^
The points gained by this Confirmatio cartarum are thus laid down
by Blackstone : —
"This charter not only re-establishes the two charters of king
Henry, but provides for their effectual publication ; and particularly
directs the great charter to be allowed in all points as the common law
of the land. It declares all judgments contrary to them to be utterly
void ; and ordains them to be read twice a year in all cathedrals, and
sentence of excommunication to be as often denounced against all that
endeavour to infringe them. At the end it is provided, that such aids as
had been g^ven to the king in times of public necessity, in whatever
manner they were raised, should not be drawn into a precedent; and that
no such manner of aids should be taken for the future, unless by the
common assent of the whole realm; with an exception to those which were
* Royal Rolls ; Cotton Charters and Rolls ; Sloane Charters and Rolls ;
Harley Rolls. British Museum MS. large folio.
* Here in a note, " Locul. 7, num, 9."
EDWARD THE FIRST 211
antiently due and accustomed. A release is also subjoined of the new
tax of forty shillings on every wool-sack exported, . . . which im-
position was commonly known by the name of the mcUe-toute,^^ \The
Great Charter^ &c. Introduction, Ixiii. Ixiv.]
The inrolment in the Statute Roll^ (which roll I have had the
curiosity to examine for myself), immediately after the French charter,
similar to that printed above (p. 207) and attested 10 October by the
young Edward^ has a memorandum (in a new line), that this same
charter in the selfsame terms, word for word, was sealed in Flanders
with the king's great seal ' at Gaunt, on the fifth day of November in the
twenty-fifth year of his reign, and sent to England. Thus the charter in
the Cotton collection is seen to be the very charter described in these
French words : —
" E fet a remembrer qe meisme ceste chartre suth mcismes les
paroles de mot en mot fust sele en Flaundres de suth le graunt seal le
Key cest asaver a Gaunt le quint jour de Novembre Ian del regne
lavantdit nostre seignur le Rey vintisme quint e envee en Engleterre."
[Statute Roily n» i, w. 38.]
Both charters (of Liberties and of the Forest) were recited by Inspex-
imuSy and confirmed in the king's name, with the teste of his son at West-
minster on the twelfth of October.' The Inspeximus (still preserved in the 12 Oct.
town-clerk's office at Guildhall), sent on this occasion to the sheriffs of *^97*
London, and the writ (thereto attached) commanding the immediate
proclamation of the Great Charter in the city of London, and its firm
and inviolable observance in all its articles, are printed in fac-simile in
Statutes of the Realnty i. between pages 32 and 33 of '* Charters of
Liberties." The Great Charter of Liberties granted by Hen, III. is
recited at length, with words added after the date (see p. 12) — Daf apud
Westm. xj'* die Febr* anno regni nostri nono — in which it is expressly
provided that this Charter shall be kept, even if any articles contained
^ Statute Roily Edw, I.II. III. n'l; now (Nov. 1890), I am informed,
made one of a series, and called ** Early Chancery Roll, 868." See p. 143,
note 4.
' Hemingford is therefore wrong, when he says that this writing was
sent to the king in Flanders, that he might set to it his privy seal iut
sigillum suum secretum apponerety magnum enim sigillum cum filio
regis remanserat\ for the Great Seal had remained with the king's son.
[Chronicon Walteri de Hemingburgh [vel Hemingford], ed. H. C.
Hamilton, ii. page 152.] Allusion was made by Edward himself (p, 204)
to the seal which was to be used in Chancery during his absence abroad.
Moreover, what that seal was may be seen by referring to Statutes of
the Realmy i. between pp. 32 and ZZ% under " Charters of Liberties,"
where it is engraved.
» Statute Roily Edw. I. II. III. n° i (as above, note i), mm, 40, 39.
See Statutes of the Realmy i. 1 14, 120.
P 2
212 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
therein have perchance not hitherto been observed. This is the
addition: — *
" Nos autem donaciones et concessiones precUctas ratas habentes et
gratas eas pro nobis et heredibus nostris concedimus et confirtnamus easque
tenore presencium innovamus Volentes et concedentes pro nobis et heredibus
nostris quod Carta predicta in omnibus et singulis suis articulis intper-
petuum firmiter et inviolabiliter observetur eciam si aliqui articuli in
eadem carta contenti hucusque forsitan nonfuerint observati. In cujus ret
12 Oct. testimonium has litteras nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste Edtvardo
1297. ^^^^ nostro apud Westm, duodecimo die Octobris anno regni nostri
vicesimo quinto^
In the writ above alluded to (p. 211), as attached to the Inspexintus^
mention is made of a Ninth having been granted by the laity in aid of
defending the kingdom; in return for which grant the king had renewed
and confirmed the Great Charter of Liberties. The command (after
willing its strict observance) for publication then follows; as may be
seen in the following transcript : —
Edwardus Dei gracia Rex Anglie Dominus Hibemie et Dux
Aquitanie vicecomitibus London^ salutem Quia in relevacionem omnium
incolarum et populi regni nostri pro nona nobis a I aids de regno nostro
in subsidium defensionis ejusdem regni concessa concessimus et confirfna-
vimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris magnam cartam de libertatibus
Anglie eamque innovavimus volentes et concedentes quod carta ilia in
omnibus et singulis suis articulis firmiter et inviolabiliter observetur
vobis precipimus quod cartam predictam in Civitate predicta sine dilacione
pupplicari et eam in omnibus et singulis suis articulis qucmtum in vobis
est observari facialis firmiter et teneri. Teste Edwardo filio nostro apud
Westm. xij. die Octobris anno regni nostri vicesimo quinto.
{Statutes of the Realm^ i. 36.]
Writs, similar in tenor to the foregoing, were directed to all
the sheriffs ; commanding the publication and observance of both
charters in counties which contained any of the king*s forests, but of
the Charter of Liberties only in such as had no forests. On the same
day (12 Oct.) the regent issued letters^ of general pardon for the two
earls and their confederates; and he, with the entire members of his
council, engaged to obtain the king^s confirmation of the same, which
was afterwards given (together with the Confirmatio cartarum) at Gaunt,
under date of the fifth of November.
* The same addition, word for word, down to quinto^ is found in the
Statute Roily Edw. I. II. III., and may be read in the printed Statutes
of the Realm ^ i. 119.
- See the letters {French) printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 62 (41) ;
also Statutes of the Realm, i. 124, for the king's pardon, dated 5th Nov.
1297.
EDWARD THE FIRST 213
Oq the 14th of October the king's son, by letters patent, bearing
date at Westminster and issued in his father's name,* informed the
knights, free tenants and commonalties of the several counties, that the
prelates, barons, knights and others^-cxcluding cities, boroughs and
royal demesnes— had granted a Ninth of their moveable goods (with
such exceptions as were named in the form of taxation) for the renewal
and confirmation of the Great Charter of Liberties and Charter of the
Forest, granted by the late king Henry. He had therefore assigned
taxors, appointing yi?^« Gentyl^ Hugh de Clyderhau and the sheriff of
Lancashire^ who were to assess, tax, levy and collect the Ninth in this
county, and to pay the money at the exchequer, or elsewhere, as might
be commanded ; one moiety on the morrow of S. Nicholas next (7 Dec.
1297); the other, on the morrow of the Purification B.V.M. (3 Feb.
1297-8) following.
The form drafted for the Eighth was altered and adapted to the new
levy ; as may be seen by the Memoranda^ in which the requisite inter-
lineations, underscorings of words and other alterations have been
made. Thus, the sentence, " les chiefs taxours e quilleurs facent lever e
quiller le utime e le quint en la fourme que leur est bailie depar le Roi,"
is made to read, " les chiefs taxours e quilleurs facent lever e quiller
hastivement le neovyme a paier al eschequer as jours assignez."
Form of taxing In every county there are to be two chief taxors
the Ninth. and collectors ; and they shall cause to be elected
in every town four persons or two, more or less,
according to the size of the towns, who are trustworthy, responsible, and
capable of making the assessment there. If such be not found, then
others to be elected in the nearest towns who are most lawful and
capable. Those persons so elected shall be sworn that they will law-
fully assess and tax all the goods which every one had in the field, house,
or elsewhere, on Michaelmas-day last (29 Sept 1297). They shall value
and set down in a roll all the parcels and sums, and deliver that roll
under their seals to the chief taxors, retaining with themselves a tran-
script under the seals of the last named, in order to levy the money.
The two chief taxors shall go from hundred to hundred, and from town
to town, to see and inquire if the goods of every one have been lawfully
assessed and taxed according to right and reason. If they find that any
goods have been eloigned, or concealed, these shall be taxed like the
others ; and they shall make known to the treasurer and barons of the
exchequer the names of those who have trespassed against their oath.
The goods of those employed in taxation shall be taxed by lawful men
of the neighbourhood who shall be sworn by the chief taxors; and these
last shall have their goods taxed by the treasurer and barons of the
exchequer. As soon as the taxation is made, the chief taxors shall cause
• Printed in Parliamentary Writs^ i. 63 (43).
2 Exchequer^ Q,R. Memoranda irC 21), 25 Edw, I. ///. 1 19.
214 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
the Ninth to be levied and collected as quickly as possible. The goods
of clerks not annexed to their churches are to be included, as well as
those of villains of prelates, religious men and other clerks, whosoever
they may be. The exceptions are to be as before :— armour, riding-horses,
jewels and robes of knights, gentle men and their wives; also their vessels
of gold, silver and brass. The goode of lepers under the government of
one who is a leper, shall not be taxed or valued; but when they are
governed by a sound master, their goods are to be taxed like those of
other persons.* The goods of no one to be taxed to the Ninth, if they
do not amount to nine shillings or more. As soon as the assessors in
the towns shall deliver their rolls to the chief taxors, these shall have
them transcribed, and retaining the transcripts, shall cause the rolls to
be put together by hundreds, and then send them quickly under seal to
the treasurer and barons of the exchequer, because this business is so
urgent for the defence of the whole land, whereby it follows that the levy
should be more hastened than at any previous time. The chief taxors
shall take the king's money as current in the realm by tale, and not by
weight And * for this grant and gift made to the king, he has for him
and his heirs renewed and confirmed the Great Charter of Liberties and
the Charter of the Forest. [ExcA. Q,R, Mentor. (21) 25 Edw. l.m. 117.]
No citizens or burgesses were summoned to this parliament (of
6 Oct. 1297) by the writs of 15 Sept. (p. 206). Afterwards, because the
citizens and conmionalty of London had granted a Ninth of their move-
able goods, it was ordained by the council, that the taxors who had
been appointed in counties should also tax and cause the Ninth to be
levied in cities, boroughs and royal demesnes. Thereupon commissions '
dated 23 October, were directed to these persons who were required to
observe in all points the form of taxation delivered to them, but to allow
in cities, boroughs and market towns the exceptions so often before
particularized in detail (pp. 178, 182, 192, note 4). The terms, used in
assigning taxors in the city of London for the Sixth (p. 182), were again
employed,* mutatis mutandiSy in the case of the Ninth, the writ bearing
date also the 23rd of October.
* This leper clause, though not noticed hitherto by me in the abstracts
before made, is found in the forms of taxation previously given. The
words are : — " E les biens des meseaux la ou il sount govemez par
sovereyn meseal ne seient taxez ne prisez E sil seient meseaux govemez
par mestre seyn seient leur biens taxes come des autres gentz."
{Parliamentary IVrits, i. 63 a.]
' E pur cest graunt e doun fait au Rei ad nostre seign' le Roi renovele
e conferme la graunt chartre des fraunchises e la Chartre de la Forest pur
lui e pur ses heirs.*' [Par/iamentary Writs^ i. 63 a,]
' See the series printed in Parliamentary Writs^ i. 64 b, from the
dorse of the Patent Roll^ 25 Edw. I.
* Exch. Q.R. Memoranda (n*» 22), 26 Edw, I. w. 121.
I
p
EDWARD THE FIRST 21 S
The Accounts of the Ninth collected throughout England are attached
o the Pipe Roil, 26 Ed-w, I. So much as relates to Lancashire is here
extracted, preceded by the general heading ; —
COMPOTUS None Regi E. fiiio Regis H. per Archi-
episcopos Episcopos Abbatcs Priores Comites Barones Milites
et omnes alios de Regno de omnibus bonis mobilibus suis
anno xxv'" ejusdem Regis E, eoncesse pro innovacione et
confirmacione Magne Carte ejusdem Regis H,de libertatibus
Anglie et eciam pro confirmacione Carte ejusdem Regis H.
de foresta habend' sicut patet infra singulos Comitatus
Regni.
Lanc' Johannes le Gentil et Hugo de Clyderhou assessores et
collectores none Regi de bonis temporalibus in Com. Lanc.
eoncesse per breve Regis patens reddunt compotum de
CCCC. lij. li. xj. s. viij. d. ob. q' de eadem Nona in predicto
Com. sicut continetur in Rotulis de particulis quos iidem
collectores liberaverunt in Thesauro. In Th'o nich. Sed non
debent su[m]moneri de ix. s. qui sunt de Nona propriorum
bonorum Abbatis de Croxton' in manerio suo de Lek' de
quibus iidem collectores onerantur supra in summa sicut
continetur in R.de particulis per breve Regis eisdem collectori-
bus directum in quo cont' quod de bonis ejusdem Abbatis
taxandis seu levandis supersedeant eo quod prelati et alii de
^g" clero Regni de bonis suis decimam danl in subsidium defen-
(See sionis ejusdem Regni et si quid bonorum ejusdem levaverint
^'"^ occasione None prcdicte restituant eidem Proviso tamcn
quod bona villanorum suorum taxentur et leventur ad Nonam
predictam.' Nee de xlj. s. vj. d. ob. qui sunt de Nona
propriorum bonorum Abbatis de Whalleye in grangiis suis de
Gerston' tf/c, Et debent CCCC. xlix. li. vj. s. ob. q', Iidem
reddunt compotum de codem debito. In Thesauro nichil Et
magistro Ric'o de Abyndon' receptori denariorum Regis in
partibus Cumbrie ad expensas municionls Regis et defen-
. sionis parcium predictarum inde faciend' CCCC. xxxvj. li.
xiij. s. iiij. d, per breve Regis in quo continetur quod iidem
' Here should follow (as appears in other counties) the words ;—
laxantur sicut continetur in Rotulis de particulis."
2l6 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
coUectores omnes denarios de dicta Nona provenientes pre-
dicto magistro Ric'o ad mandatum Robert! de Clyfforde
capitanei municionis predicte liberent et duas litteras patentes
predicti magistri Ric'i recepcionem dictorum denarionim
testificantes et per duas litteras clausas predicti Roberti dictis
taxatoribus super hoc directas de quibus denariis idem
magister Ric'us respondet infra. Et debent xij. H. xij. s.
viij. d. ob. q*. lidem redduntcompotum de eodem debito. In
Th'o nich' Et eisdem Joh^i et Hugoni pro misis et expensis
quas fecerunt circa colleccionem predicte None et denariis
inde provenientibus cariandis usque Karliolum per duas vices
C. s. Et debent vij. li. xij. s. viij. d. ob. q*. Sed respondent
in Rotulo xxviij. in Lane'
Magister Ric'us de Abyndon' receptor denarionim Regis
in partibus Cumbrie {blank] CCCC. xxxvj. li. xiij. s. liij. d.
recept* de Joh'e Gentyl et Hugone de Clyderhou taxatoribus
et collectoribus None in Com. Lane sicut supra continetur
sed resp' in Lane' in Rotulo xxviij.
[Pipe Roll^ 26 Edw. L Rotulo compotorum]
\In dorso\ Compotus None Regi concesse anno xxv®. tarn
per prelatos quam per laycos regni de bonis suis mobilibus
per omnes Comitatus Anglie.
Comparative Table of Receipts
OF THE Ninth
County
1. North of Trent ^
Lancaster ...
Northumberland
Westmoreland
York : N. Riding
2. South of Trent
Essex
Hereford
Kent
Middlesex
Norfolk
London City
* The return for Cumberland has been cancelled here, and rendered
in a later roll. The other two Ridings of Yorkshire do not appear.
Total
/. s.
d.
449 6
oi
159 17
182 6
2i
658 16
2
1,389 4
oi
799 5
8
3,012 2
8i
350
lO^
2,886 16
8
1,221 19
5
EDWARD THE FIRST 217
Notwithstanding the word ^^dedmam^ (tenth), used (p. 215) at the
sign ^^, the province of York (in which Lancashire is situate), as being
nearer the danger of invasion by the Scots^ granted a fifth of their goods
towards the defence of the kingdom ; as may be seen by the extracts
hereunder following. The province of Canterbury granted a tenth for
the same purpose.
•
Ebor' Mandaium estiiif'' die Julii vtcecomitt Ebor^ quod A,D,
De dcnariis quinte fieri fcu\eret\ de bonis et catallis abbaiis de Coverham, 1298.
levandis vj\ li. xij, s, Et de bonis et catallis Sancti Albani in
Norton' ij, s, x, d, De bonis etc, abbcUis de Fontibus
xxix. li, xvij, s. tiij. d. quos Regi debent de arreragiis quinte Regi in
defensionem regni sui a clero concesse in Comitatu predicto Ita etc, in
crastino Sancte Margarete prox* futur^ Teste P. die et anno supradictis, 4 July.
Per rotulum visus comfi ejusdem quinte,
Lanc* Et eodem die mandatum est vicecomiti Lcuu^ quodde
De eodem bonis etc, abbatis de Staunlawe fieri fcu^ vij, li, x, s,
iiij, d De bonis etc, prioris de Nortori xvj, s, De
priore de Penewortham viij. s, De bonis etc, abbatis de Fumeys Ixij, s.
Et de abbate de Dieulacrese xxiiij, li, xij, s, quos Regi etc, ut supra Ita
etc, ut supra. Teste etc, ut supra. Per rotulum visus comp^ ejusdem quinte,
[Exch, L,T,R, Memoranda (22), 26 Edw, I. ;«. 118]
Statute
de tallagio non concedendo .
Blackstone* has discussed the question, whether this statute " was
" really a separate thing from this confirmation \i,e, the above-cited
" Confirmatio cartarum\ enacted in the parliament at London,
" and afterwards confirmed at Ghent ; or whether it was only an
"abstract of it in another language.** He concludes that "there
" seem to be strong reasons for supposing it only a kind of abstract
" or translation by a cotemporary hand ; which probably was inserted
" at the end of the great charter in the register of some monasteries,
" whence it was transcribed by Trivet and Hemingford, who
" are copied by Knyghton and Walsingham." It happens that the
explanation is very much more simple, if we content ourselves with
taking the histories of the two first- mentioned writers as they stand.
» The Great Charter, &c Introduction, Ixv.
2l8 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Those of Edward^s council who remained in England^ seeing grave
peril to the state from the troubles in Scotland, as well as from sedition
at home, which compelled the king's son to stay for safety within the
city of London, urged the latter to send for the earl marshal* and earl
constable with a view to reconciliation. Letters were thereupon* sent,
requesting them to attend the parliament (p. 206) summoned to meet
on the sixth of October. The two earls came to London, but in great
force ; accompanied by fifteen hundred' armed horsemen^ and a large
body of choice foot. They refused to enter the city, unless they had the
power of placing their own guards at all the gates, for fear that other-
wise they might be penned up like sheep in a fold. Upon their request
being granted, they entered ; and after much debate, in which archbishop
Winckelsea acted the part of a mediator, there was no form of peace to
which they would agree other than that the king should renew and
confirm the two charters, with certain articles added to the Great
Charter, namely ; that no aid or tax should in future be asked or required
from the clergy, or people, without the will and assent of the magnates ;
and that all displeasure or animosity against themselves, and all asso-
ciated with them, should be remitted. This was agreed to, and drawn
up in the French form, above cited (p. 207) under the name of Confirma-
tio cartarum} The writing (as before seen, p. 211) was sent to the
king in Flanders and sealed by him. At the same time there were also
conveyed to Edward transcripts of the Great Charter and Charter of
the Forest, with the under-written articles inserted at the end of the
Great Charter, that he might in like manner seal them. Here are the
actual words of Hemingford : —
" Missumque est idem scriptum ad regem in Flandriam ut sigillum
suum secretum apponeret, magnum enim sigillum* cum filio regis
remanserat. Missa etiam sunt transcripta Magnae Cartas ct Cartas de
Foresta cum subscriptis articulis in fine Magnce Cartce insertis^ ut ea
similiter consignaret (ii. 152).
* Humfrey de Bohun earl of Hereford and EsseXy lord high constable ;
Roger Bigod earl of Norfolk^ marshal of England,
' In point of fact the writs, issued on this occasion and dated 9 Sept^
1297, required their personal presence at London on the morrow of
Michaelmas-day (or 30 Sept.), for deliberation {colloquium et iracta/um)
with the regent and his council prior to the parliament then about to be
holden. [Pari. Writs, i. 56 (ii)l
' This number has been whittled down to five hundred by Knighton
(ed. Lumby, i. 389) who has omitted the word ** mille " in copying from
Hemingford,
* This is the narrative of Hemingford [Chronicon Walteride Heming-
burgh (ed. Hamilton), ii. 147] ; and it substantially agrees with Trivefs
history [Nic, Triveti Annales (ed. Hog.), 366] of the earls' demands.
* It has been before (p. 21 1, note 2) pointed out that this is a mistake.
The Great Seal did not remain with the king's son.
EDWARD THE FIRST 219
Observe not the French charter only, but also transcripts of the two
charters (of liberties and the forest) so often referred to. Now, as these
last were in Latin^ it was obviously necessary fhat any additions to
either should be in the same language. To the Great Charter (as
above read) certain articles were to be added (inserted at the end) ; and
the historian proceeds to set them forth under the heading —
^^Articuli i$iserH in Magna Carta,**
Trivets account is very similar, but more condensed. What he says
(turned into English) is this : — " While these things were being done by
the Scois^ the king's son was persuaded by his council to send for the
earl oi Hereford and the earl marshal, and, if at all possible, to conciliate
them. They, so coming upon request made, would agree to the form
of peace under-written, and to none other : That the king should renew
and confirm the Great Charter with certain articles added, and the
Charter of the Forest ; that he should hereafter demand no aid or tax
from clergy or laity without the assent of a general council ; and that
he should discard all offence against the earls and their confederates.
The Articles added to the Great Charter are these {Articuli adjecti ad
Magnam Chartam sunt isti).
Manifestly both writers mean, and can mean, nothing but that the
Latin articles which both then proceed to quote, were to be appended
to the Great Charter of Liberties, originally granted by the king's
father in the ninth year of his reign. These are as follows : —
A Nullum tallagium vel auxiliumfer nos vel heredes nostras de cetera
in regno nostra imponcUur seu levetur sine voluntaie et assensu communi
archiepiscoporum episcoparum et aliarum prelatorum comitum baronum
militum burgensium et aliarum liberorum hominum in regno nostra
Nullus minister etc
B Remisimus eciam Humfrido de Bawn comiti Hereford^ et Essex'
constabulario Anglie Rogero By got comiti NorJT marescallo Anglie et
aliis comitibus baranibus militibus armigeris Johanni de Ferrariis cu:
omnibus aliis de eorum sacietaie canfederaciane et concardia existentibus
necnan omnibus xx^ libratas terre tenentibus in regno nostra sive de
mobis in capite sive de alia quocunque qui ad transfretandum nobiscum
in Flandriam certo die notata vocati fuerunt et nan venerunt rancorem
nostrum et mcUam voluntatem quam ex causis predictis erga nos habuimus
. . . In cujus rei testimonium presenti carte sigillum nostrum est
Q appensum una cum sigillis archiepiscaporum episcaporum comitum
baronum et aliorum qui sponte juraverunt quad tenorem presentis carte
quatenus in eis est in omnibus et singulis articulis observabunt et ad ejus
obseruacionem consilium suum et auxiliumfidele prestabunt in perpetuum,
[Chramcon Walteri de Hemingburgh (cd. Hamilton), ii. 152-154]
(A) It is seen upon comparison with the French charter (p. 209) that
the clause Nullum tallagium &c. is practically the same, but more
clearly and simply expressed in this Latin version, which was probably
220 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
written by the archbishop ( Winckelsea) of Canterbury under the earls*
direction, and at their prompting or instigation.
(B) The king had pardoned the constable (JBohun) and marshal^
{Bigod) with their confederates by a separate charter on the same day
(5 Nov.) as that on which he allowed and ratified the French charter of
confirmation. Witness the following extract : —
" Nous regardantz , . . releissotns e ferdonoms pieinement as
ditz contes e ajohan de Ferers e a toutz leur menengs e ioutz leur aliez
tote manere de rancour e de indtgnacion qui nous avoms conceu vers eus
si nule ensoit par les enchesons avantdites ou nule de eles Issint qe nul de
ditz contes , , , ne soient chalengez encheisonez ne grevez par nous
ne par nos heirs pur nule des choses avantdites . . . Donees a Gaunt
le quint jour du Novembre Ian de nostre regne vintisme quint,"
[Statutes of the Realm, i. 124]
Such being the ample terms of Edwards pardon, the constable
(Bohun) acted thereafter in perfect good faith towards both the king and
his son. Having been summoned by writ,* dated 26 Sept. to do military
service in person against the Scots, he proceeded to obey — if not at once,
certainly after obtaining the pardon above named — as proved by many
records, some of which are here cited in order of date.
A.D, 1297. Going to Scotland by the king^s command, Humfrey de Bohun has
Dec. 12 letters of attorney to last till Easter following (/>. 6 April 1298).
Dec. 14 He has also for the same reason letters of protection (from suits at
law, &c.) for the same period. \Chancery Roll, 754, m, 3.]
Dec. 18 Walter de Agmondesham is commanded to pay wages to the one
hundred Welshmen led by Humfrey de Bohun earl of Hereford and
Essex, constable of England, against the Scots (ad expedicionem
faciendum contra Scotos rebelles et inimicos nostros),
Dec. 19 Out of the money coming from the subsidy granted by the clergy of
the province of Canterbury, Bohun is to receive pay for three months,
amounting to ;^ 1,384 \os, for himself and ninety fully armed and
equipped horsemen. \Exch. Q. R. Memoranda, 26 Edw. I. m. 106.]
1298. ' Being in Scotland, he has further letters* of protection till the feast
April I of S, fohn Baptist following (24 June 1298).
^ Edward here calls them " our beloved and faithful " — " nos amez e
feaux Humfrey de Bohun conte de Hereford e de Essex e conestable
Dengleterre e Roger Bygod conte de Norff e mareschal Dengleterre."
[Statutes of the Realm, i. 124]
' Printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 317 (2) from the Close Roll of
26 Edw. I.
* Edward, on his return from Flanders, landed at Sandwich on
Friday, 14 March 1297-8. \Pat. R. 26 Edw. I. m. 23.]
* " Humfridus de Bohun comes Herefordie et Essexie qui in obsequio
Regis per preceptum Regis in partibus Scocie moram facit habet litteras
Regis de proteccione duraturas usque ad festum Nativitatis sancti
Johannis Baptiste etc. Teste Rege apud Westm. j. die Aprilis."
[Chancery Roll, 754, m. 2.]
EDWARD THE FIRST 221
Edward, intending to be at York on the feast of Pentecost (25 May) April 10
for the purpose of holding a consultation upon public affairs, directed
Bohun (with the earl marshal and others) to be there in person on the
eve (24 May) of that feast, and commanded him to leave his men at
arms in the town of Berwick for its safeguard during his absence.
\Close Roll, 26 Edw. I, m, 12 (schedule)]
Being about to return to Scotland in the king's service, Bohuri^ May 2S
protection was renewed up to Christmas following (25 Dec. 1298).
{Chancery Roily 754, m. 8.]
Those in his {Bohun) suite, or going to join him in Scotland, had also July x8
letters of protection, dated at intervals from the 13th of January (1297-8)
up to almost the eve of the battle of Falkirk (fought on 22nd July) the
1 8th of July following. {Chancery Roll, 754, mm, 3, 2, i, &c.]
The foregoing outline clearly proves that Edward could have had
no ill-feeling whatever towards the constable, even though at York, in
concert with others, Bohun demanded confirmation of the charters on
the ground that, being sealed in a foreign country, they ought now to be
formally renewed and ratified in England. The king, by the oath of
others pledged in his name, undertook to do this upon his return, after
gaining victory^ over the Scots, The constable and marshal are found
at the battle of Falkirk in the vanguard' of the English army, led by
Henry de Lacy earl of Lincoln ; and in the same division were Humfrey
de Bohun the son, Robert Jitz Roger , John de Segrave, Alan la Zouche,
John Lovely Nicholas de Segrave and Henry de TyeSy those very
bannerets who were confederates of Bohun and Bigody and constituted
that party of malcontents who flouted the barons of the exchequer
(p. 203) on the 22nd of August 1297, and so imperiously refused to allow
the levy of the Eighth, or the prise of wools to be taken.
(B) The particular mention of Humfrey de Bohun by name
{Remisimus eciam Humfrido cU Bown comiti Hereford et Essex*
constabulario Anglic) proves that the date of this supposed statute
must be earlier than the thirty-first of December 1298, on which day the
earl died at his manor of Pleshey in Essex : as found by the inquisition
(27 Edw, I. n** 142) taken after his death at Walden^ in that county
on Saturday (24 January 1298-9) before the feast of the Conversion of
Saint Paul 27 Edw, I. This is the finding of the jury : —
''Et dicunt quod Humfridus filius dicti Comitis est ejus heres pro-
pinquior et etatis viginti et duorum annorum et amplius Et dicunt quod
idem Comes obiit ad manerium de Plassetis in vigilia Circumcisionis
Domini anno supradicto." {Chancery Inq. p. m. 2j Edw. I. n'' 142]
^ Chron, IValt, de Hemingburgh (ed. Hamilton), ii. 174.
' Harkian MS, 6589 ; Wrest Park MS, 16 ; printed in " Scotland in
1298. Documents relating to , . . the Battle of Falkirk y^ ^dixi^dihy
Henry Goughy 1888, 4to, pp. 131- 134.
' He was buried in Walden Abbey, " in the chapel of Our Lady."
[Dugdale's Monasticon (new edit.), iv. 134.]
222 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Regarding this question of date, Blackstone has attended to the
warning given by Prynne^ who was the first to point out the mistake
made by Sir Edward Coke and others in assigning it to so late a period
as the thirty-fourth year of the reign. This is what Prynne says: —
" From these last recited Histories, Records and Parliamentary pro-
ceedings, concerning the violations and confirmations of the Great Charter
and Articles thereto annexed, we may observe . . . [Here six points
are noticed, and then] /ly. That the premised Charter of Pardon to
Humfrey de Bohun and others, and the Statute de Tallagio non con-
cedendOy were made, granted in the 25 year of King Edward the I. not
in the 34 of his reign, as all our printed Statute-books, and Sir Edward
Cook very grossly mistake: which the premised Historians, the Statute-
Roll in the Tower, the dates of passing them in Englandy of confirming
them at Gaunt and York, the Subsidy granted by the Nobility,
Conmions, and Clergy for their confirmation, the Excommunication
denounced against the infringers of them, (all in the 25 year
of Edward I.) with the deaths of Humfrey de Bohun, Earl of Here-
ford and Essex, Gulielmus de Bello campo Earl of Warwick, and
Gutlielmus de Luda'QxshoYi oi Ely, Anno 1298. 26 E. i. (as Matthew
Westminster and others story) mentioned in^ this Charter, Statute, as
parties named, concerned in, or Witnesses to them, infallibly evidence
beyond contradiction. Which I desire our Students of the Law, and
publishers of Statute-books, when reprinted, to take notice of, to rectifie
their former mistakes." [History of King John, &c. 746, 747.]
(C) Provision is made in this so-called "statute" for the public
reading of the charter — observe the use throughout of the word charter,
not charters — twice a year in all cathedral churches, and in like manner
for excommunication to be pronounced in the several parish churches of
every diocese against all those who should contravene the tenor of the
present charter in any article {contra tenorem presentis carte .
in quocunque articulo). Then Hemingford (as above seen, p. 219) con-
cludes with the attestation clause, evidently drafted for use (/« cujus
rei testimonium presenti carte sigillum nostrum est appensum), and
applicable to a charter only ; that to the present charter the king's seal
is appended, together with the seals of the archbishops, bishops, earls,
barons and others, who have spontaneously sworn that, so far as in them
lies, they will observe the tenor of the present charter in all and singular
its articles, and will afford their faithful counsel and help towards its
observance for ever.
Such, then, was the manifest intention of the two earls and their
party. They desired to adopt the existing Great Charter of Henry,
and to augment it by certain articles^ framed to meet the difficulties that
had newly arisen, and to cover the whole ground of their grievances and
objections. Their constantly repeated dissatisfaction afterwards (of
which ample instances are shown below in the following sections) is
thus readily accounted for, and is indeed intelligible upon no other basis.
They succeeded in getting out of Edward the French charter of con-
EDWARD THE FIRST 223
firmation only ; and that they feared he might repudiate, because it had
been sealed in a foreign land, and had been granted with but too evident
reluctance.*
The date o{ Bohufi^s death being placed beyond cavil by the finding
of the inquisition, there remains a very narrow period indeed for the
passing of any statute. Edward, returning from Flanders, landed
at Sandwich on Friday the 14th of March 1297-8, and shortly after
(30 March) issued writs of military summons * for a muster at York on
the feast of Pentecost (25 May) following, for the purpose of marching
against the Scots, At or about the time fixed a parliament was held
there, in which the king engaged — upon the oaths of others sworn for
him — to confirm anew the two charters on his return ' from Scotland,
after gaining victory over his rebels and enemies in that country. This
was done in order to reassure the two earls who affected, from what
they had heard, to be in doubt as to the king's change of mind with
regard to the charters, upon the ground that he had confirmed them in
a foreign country. They now declared that they would proceed no
further without greater security as to Edward^s express renewal and
confirmation in England. The battle of Falkirk was fought on the 22nd
of July. Between this date and the month of December (in which Bohun
died) there was held but one parliament, at Carlisle during the month of
September; and no one pretends to say that the statute de tallagio was
passed on that occasion. Indeed, both the earls constable and marshal
withdrew by the king's leave from this parliament, alleging a desire
to return home and rest their forces after the fatigues of the Scottish
compaign ; but, in all probability, chafing over Edward^s non-fulfilment
of his promise, so solemnly made but a short while ago to re-confirm
the charters.
The circumstances, under which this statute first made its appearance,
are remarkable, and have a very important bearing upon the question of
its genuine character. If it were not done, if evidence of the fact were not
before one's eyes, it would be incredible that a printer could without
warrant, or other authority than his own mere motion and will, include
among the statutes in rolled and of long standing, one drawn from some
ancient manuscript that had fallen in his way. Yet this is what BertheUt
the king's printer achieved in January 1532-3* by the issue of a small book
* So 7>7'z/^/ says (368) — "ab eo qui in arto positus erat;" and Hemingford
(ii. 1 54) — " Qui quidem in arcto positus cum jam hassitasset per triduum
• . . annuit in praemissis et omnia concessit et per ordinem confirmavit."
' Printed in Parliamentary Writs, '• 3io> from Close Roll, 26 Edw. I.
m, \2 dorso.
* " Verum quia in persona principem jurare non licet et eos placare
vellet praecepit rex et juraverunt in animam ejus Dunolmensis episcopus
etc, quod in reditu suo obtenta victoria omnia perimplerent ad votum."
\Chron. Walt, de Henungburgh (cd. Hamilton), ii. 174.]
* The colophon is: — "f Impressus Londini in edibus Thome Berthelet
regii impressoris, Anno dom. 1532. mense lanuar. Cum privilegio."
224 LAXCASHIRE LAV SUBSIDIES
in black letter* cntitied seoitda tams VETDivif statttorvh. Here
at iblio 39 is inserted, in fire daoses or diapcers* "^statttv-m de taCagio
ooo coDcedendOy' wxtfaoot comment, or indirarki of tbe soczroe finom
wfa'ch it was derived.
Tbe editors oi SiatmUs cftke RdoJtm, £uling t3 find a mofe asthori-
tatiTC scarce, elected to print this statute (l 125] from a manoscripc in
Corpus Ckristi College, Cambridge, for tbe reasons cicarij stated \r§
Blacksi4me as foQows ; —
'^ It is not to be foond npoo any aothentic roll or record of tbe
years 1297 or 1298, nor elsewbere ; not tbat tbe statute roll of that time
b lost, bat no entry of such statute in latin appears thereon. The first
time it occurs in print, to tbe editor's knov]e[d]ge, is in die S^cuxdn
pars veterum siaiuiorum^ printed by Thomas Bertbelet, A.D. 1 552 ; far
it is taken no notice of in tbe old abridgment of tbe statutes, which was
printed about tbe reign of Edward tbe fourth by Letton and Machlinia,
and was probably compiled somewhat earlier, as the latest statute therein
abridged is 33 Henry VI. chap. 13. And yet that abridgment has an
abstract of the statute de umfirmatiom cartarum^ alias dicf superaddicio
cartaruM^ wherein the empbatical word titu is left out : which shews
that not quite so much stress was laid upon it andently, as at the time
of M. Hampden's trial" \Tke Great CharUr, &c. Introduction, IxvL
Ixvii.]
Tbe writer finally expresses bis belief, that this proposed (bat never
fulfilled; addition to the Great Charter has now acquired tbe force of
a statute by the ruling of the judges in the time of CharUs the First : —
** This matter was very learnedly debated in M. Hampden's great
case relating to shipmoney, A.D. 1637 [i. StaU-Trials^ 510, 536, 551,
&c.] ; when the judges determined it to be a separate act of parliament,
principally because it was recited as such about nine years before,
in the preamble to the petition" of right. And their determination
seems to be just, for this was certainly sufficient to give it for the
future the binding force of a statute in point of law ; though it hardly
will be allowed as a conclusive proof of a disputed fact in point of
history." {The Great Charter^ &c. Introduction, Ixvi.]
* The size of the printed page, or forme, is one inch and eleven-
twelfths wide, by three inches and five-twelfths high ; thirty-three lines
in a page.
' This is the passage extracted from the Parliament. Roll, 3 Chas. I.,
which states that the Petition was exhibited on 28 May, 1627 : —
" That Whereas it is declared and enacted by a Statute made in the
tyme of the Raigne of kingc Edward the first commonly called
Slatutum de tallagio non concedendo. That no tallage or ayde should
be layd or levycd by the kinge or his heires in this Realme without the
good will and assent of the Archbishopps Bishopps Earles Barons
Knighles Burjjcsscs and other the Freemen of the Commonaltie of this
Ke;iln)e," I'tc [Statutes of the Realm^ v. 23].
EDWARD THE FIRST 22$
^ iftftrrittt)' of Moheatle 4llool»0
payable at three terms
25 Nov. 1301, 6 May and 13 July 1302.
(*)
In the Parliament which met at Lincoln on the 20th of ^° 29«
E^w I.
January 1 300-1, for the purpose of receiving and con-
sidering the Perambulations of Forests, that had been ^^^^
returned by the commissioners especially assigned to make
them, the laity of the realm granted to the king a Fifteenth
of such moveable goods as should be in their possession on
Michaelmas- day then next ensuing (29 September 1301).
Edward's reluctance to surrender any prerogative of his crown led
him to throw constant difficulties in the way of completing the perambula-
tions, so as to show once for all what was and what was not the king's
forest. His ever-recurring confirmations of the two Charters made no
real advance upon the existing state of things. The express reservations
made as to the right of his crown, and the exceptions which might be
made by himself or others, engendered the utmost suspicion. The
earls, barons and other great persons, who were brought into actual
contact with him, had the strongest possible reasons for doubting his
good faith ; and this state of general mistrust and discontent gradually
extended itself to the entire body of the people. The pains and penalties
inflicted for offences against the Assize of the Forest had grown to be
intolerable. Any one was liable upon conviction to loss of life or limbs
for hunting without leave in any of the king's forests. The fines, or
ransoms, exacted for remission of sentence were grievous in the extreme ;
and, if unable to pay, no choice was left to the unhappy delinquent but . j^
to languish in prison, or to abjure the country. At last the king, finding 1299.
a moment of leisure (quatinus nobis vacat) on the 26th of March 1299, 26 March
sent to the sheriffs certain Articles' contained in the Great Charter of the
Forest granted by his father, which he accepted and willed, for himself
* No documents found for Lancashire.
^One of the articles (10) oi Henrys Charter of the Forest, now to be
renewed and confirmed by Edward^ was :— '* Nullus de cetero amittat
viTAM VEL membra pro venatione nostra, set si quis captus fuerit" etc.
[Statutes of the Realm^ i. 121.]
* The recital omitted the first fi\^ clauses, and began at No. 6,
concerning the lawing of dogs, &c. — ** Inquisitio vel visus de expedita-
tione canum ** etc.
226 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
j4.D. and his heirs, should be held throughout the forests of his kingdom. All
^299. these articles were to be immediately read and published in cities,
boroughs, market-towns, and other solemn places {et aliis locis solemfh
nibus) in their whole bailiwicks, as those which the king granted and
willed to be held and firmly observed in the form laid down, entirely and
absolutely. Moreover, the perambulations of the forests were to be
made as quickly as possible after the completion of the business which
the king had with the messengers shortly to arrive from the Roman
Court ; which affairs, being so arduous as to touch not only the king and
his realm, but also universal Christendom^ demanded the presence with
him of his whole council. In the meantime he commanded that they
(the sheriffs) should without delay make known to all the whole matter
now enjoined to them.
2 April The week after (2nd April) Edward sent to the sheriff of Lancashire
the same Articles as those just- mentioned, followed by the Statute
known as Definibus levatis (Of fines levied), and printed in St€Uutes of
the RealMy i. 136. Here the king harks back to what had happened
before his expedition into Flanders. Whereas (he says) lately at
Westminster, before our voyage to Flanders, having regard for the
great costs and expenses incurred and sustained in divers ways by the
people of our kingdom for us, in time as well of peace as of war, feeling
no mean wish and desire to consider the said people as much as at that
time was in our power, we granted to them of our own will for us and
our heirs that the Great Charter of Liberties should be observed in all
its points, and that the Charter of the Forest should likewise be kept ;
Saving nevertheless our oath, the right of our crown and our exceptions
with those also of others : which things we caused to be pronounced by
the venerable father Robert archbishop of Canterbury^ upon our behalf
and in our presence, and afterwards at Odimere, in our said passage to
Flanders, commanded under our seal the same grant to be observed and
held in every county throughout our whole kingdom. And whereas
from that time to this we were much occupied and distracted by the
restraint and distress of wars in divers and distant parts, whereby we
have been unable to know the state of our kingdom, We in these days,
when we are at leisure {quatinus nobis vacat)^ continuing our first
intention, have had deliberation upon the grant aforesaid ; and, for the
honour of God and Holy Mother Church, and for the advantage of the
whole people of our realm, do will that the aforesaid Great Charter of
Liberties be observed in all its points, and the Charter of the Forest also,
according to the underwritten Articles which are these : —
[Here, omitting the first five articles, the king recites the remainder,
beginning with N* 6 (granted 11 Feb. 9 Hen, III.); " Inquisitio vel visus
de expeditatione canum" etc. ; as before (p. 225) mentioned.]
10 April Writs of summons were issued on the loth of April for a parliament
-3 May at Westminster in fifteen days of Easter (3 May 1299), to treat upon
special and arduous affairs which had newly arisen, touching the king
himself and the state of the kingdom. In this jj^rliament according to
EDWARD THE FIRST 22/
Trivet (who is fo lowed by Walstngham) the king confirmed the two A.D.
charters without reserve.* 1299.
On the 25th June in the same year (1299) the king, being at Lewes, 25 June
sent writs^ to all the sheriffs, enclosing his letters' patent of the
same date, directed to the commonalty of every county, notifying
his appointment of commissioners, who were to be at Northampton
on Michaelmas-day then next ensuing (29 Sept. 1299), having full 29 Sept.
power and quite ready to make the perambulations of the forests
without further delay. Every sherifT was commanded to take with
him some religious man, able to testify what was done, and to
cause those letters patent to be read at once and publicly proclaimed in
cities, boroughs, market-towns, and such other places as might seem
expedient to him, in order that every one might know their tenor. In
these letters (written in French) Edward begins by stating, that he has
heard of people going about and saying, that he will not keep or observe
either of the two Charters, and will not suffer the promised perambula-
tions to be made. He denies these statements {la quele chose nest pas
verite\ and declares his mind and will to be sincere as to keeping both
charters, and making the perambulations, which last-named are delayed
only on account of the business connected with the papal award between
himself and the king of France. It is for their convenience that the
term for them is fixed after their harvest-season, on Michaelmas-day.
Finally they are requested to put no faith in any reports to the contrary.
While Edward was at Wetherby (14 Jan. 1299- 1300), intending to A.D,
have a general muster at Carlisle on 24 June 1300, preparatory to his 1299.
Scottish expedition, he sent writs' to all the sheriffs ; and, amongst them,
to the sheriff of LancashirCy commanding him, together with John de
Hudleston and William de Dacre, or one of them, to return the names
of all, whether knights, esquires, or others, having £^0 or more yearly
in land and rent within his bailiwick, and to warn them to provide them-
selves with horses and arms, and to be ready at the day and place
named to go with himself against the Scots^ The return was directed
to be made before (citra) the second Sunday of Lent. This was
accordingly done, and the answer of the sheriff is to this effect : —
Names of knights : Robert de Lathum^ Robert de Holonde^ William
de DakrCy John de Byroune, William de Clifton, All these have £^0
land and rent, and do not hold of the king in chief. Ingeram de Gynis
has the same, and holds in part of the king in another county ; by which
tenure he owes service. And besides, Margaret de Nevyle has £40
land and rent, and does not hold of the king in chief.
* " ad votum eorum absolute omnia sunt concessa "* [^Nich, Triveti
Annates (ed. Hog), 376.]
2 Printed at length by Prynne in his History of King John, &c. 810,
811.
3 The original writs yet (Dec. 1890) remain in Chancery FiUy 135, but
will ere long " be broken up and distributed." See page 143, note 5.
Q 2
1300.
228 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
A. D. Names of esquires : — Edmund le Botelere^ William le Botelere kA
1299. Werington,yi>^« de Langton^ Alan de Bumilly John de Hcn/erington
(under age and in ward to the abbot of Fumeys\ and Thomas de Greley
(under age and in ward to the king). All these have /40 land and rent,
as found by inquisition made before yi7^« de Hodelston^ and William ^t
Dakre together with Richard Lancastre, All these have been warned
{premuniti sunt)y as contained in the writ.*
19 March By a later writ,' dated 19 March following (1299-1300) and directed to
the same sheriff, the king explained that it was not his intention, that
those persons who had £^0 or more in land and rent should be warned
or even admonished, under any forfeiture, but only asked to do what he
had enjoined by the former writ. He was now, on the king^s behalf,
especially to ask and request them to provide themselves with horses and
arms, and to be ready to go against the Scots (as before). The names
were to be sent in one month from Easter-day (8 May 1300).
On the dorse of the writ the sheriff wrote, as follows : —
Isti habent quadraginta libratas terre et redditus quos
specialiter rogavi et requisivi, videlicet —
Thomas Comes Lanc[astrie]
Henr* de Lasscy Comes Linch[olnie]
Ingelramus de Gynes
Will' de Dacre
Wiir de Clifton'
Rob* de Lathum
Rob' de Holond'
Will's le Botiler de Werington'
Job' de Langeton'
Joh'es de Byron'
Alanus de Burnull'
Margareta de Nevill'
Et quia Job' de Hodelistone et Will' de Dacre sunt in
Scocia cum domino Joh'e de Sancto Johanne et non fuerunt
in Com. Lane, postquam istud breve mihi venit ideo sigilla
sua huic brevi non sunt apposita. \Cliancery File, 135, n° 33]
* See Parliamentary Writs, i. 330 (15) for the inrolment of the writ of
14 January, followed by returns for some counties extracted from
Harl. MS, 1192 and Cotton MS, Claudius C. ii.
2 " Intencionis tamen nostre nonfuit quod ad hoc faciendum sub aliqua
foris/actura premunirentur seu eciam monerentur set quod tantummodo
rogarentur Omnes igitur quadraginta libratas terre et rediiitus vel
amplius habentes . . . ex parte nostra roges specialiter et requiras
quod de equis et armis taliter sibi provideant " etc. [Chancery File, 135,
n° 33.]
EDWARD THE FIRST 229
In the parliament^ holden at Westminster on the second Sunday of
Lent in his 28th year (6 March 1299- 1300), the king passed the statute
known as Articuli super Cartas^ \ of which, though twenty in number,
the first Article only, as it concerns the confirmation of the two
Charters, calls for notice here.
Forasmuch' as the points of the Great Charter of Liberties and
Charter of the Forest, granted by king Henry to his people for the
welfare of his kingdom, have not hitherto been held or kept, because no
penalty has up to this time been established for trespassers against the
said charters, the king has afresh granted, renewed and confirmed them ;
and, at the request of the prelates, earls and barons, in his parliament at
Westminster in Lent of his twenty-eighth year, has ordained and
established a certain form and pain against all those who in any wise
contravene the points, or any point, of the aforesaid charters, that is
to say :
That henceforth the Great Charter of Liberties granted to the Art. I.
whole commons of England, and the Charter of the Forest granted in
like manner, shall be held, kept and maintained in every article and
every point, as fully as the king has granted, renewed, and by his charter
confirmed them. And that those charters shall be delivered to every
sheriff of England under the king's seal, to read four times a year before
the people in full county-court ; that is to say, in the next courts after
MichaelmaSy Christmas^ Easter and Saint John Baptisf% days. And*
to firmly hold those charters in every point, and in every article, where
before there was no remedy by the Common Law, there shall be elected
in every county, by the commons of that county, three honourable
* The writs are dated at Berwick 29 Dec. 1299, and printed in Parlia-
mentary Writs, i. 82, from Close Roll, 28 Edw, I. m. 17 dorso.
2 See Statutes 0/ the Realm, i, 1 36-141, where the original French is
printed (side by side, with a translation) froni the Statute Roll, No. i
(otherwise Early Chancery Rollsj 868, as now (Dec 1890) re-named),
m, 35.
^ In the translation here made I venture to deviate slightly (by
abridgment or otherwise) from the version given in Statutes of the
Realm, i. 136.
* " Et a celes deus chartres en chescun poynt ct en chescun article de
eles fermement tenir ou remedie ne fust avant par la commune ley
soient eslus en chescun conte par la commune de meisme le conte trois
prodes hommes chivaliers ou autres loiaux sages et avises qui soient
justices jures et assignes par les lettres le roi overtes de soen grant seal
de oyr et de terminer santz autre bref qe leur commune garant les pleintes
qe se ferront de touz iceaus qui vendront ou mesprendront en nul des-
ditz poyntz des avantdites chartres es contez ou il sont assignes ausi
bieii dedenz franchises come dehors ausibien des ministres le Roi bors
de leur places come des autres " etc.
230 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
men, knights or other lawful, wise and discreet persons, who shall
be sworn as justices, and assigned by the king's letters patent under
his Great Seal to hear and determine, without other writ than
their common warrant, the plaints which shall be made against all
those who contravene or infringe any of the points of the aforesaid
charters in the counties to which they are assigned, as well within
liberties as without, and as well of the king's ministers out of their places
as of others ; and shall determine the plaints heard from day to day
at once, without permitting the delays which are allowed by Conunon
Law. And that those knights shall have power to punish all those who
shall be convicted of trespass done against any point of the aforesaid
charters where before (as is above said) there was no remedy at
Common Law, by imprisonment, or by ransom, or by amercement,
according to the nature of the trespass. And by this neither the king,
nor any of those who were at the making of this ordinance, intends that
the knights aforesaid shall hold any plea, by the power given to them, in
cases for which remedy has been heretofore provided according to the
Common Law by writ ; or, that prejudice be done to the Common Law,
or to the Charters abovesaid in any of their points. And the king wills
that, if all three be not present, or cannot at all times attend to perfonn
their office in the form aforesaid, two of the three shall do so. And it
is ordained that the sheriffs and the king's bailiffs shall attend to the
commands of the beforesaid justices, so far as appertains to their offices.'
A.D. Writs were soon after issued^ (27 March 1300) to the sheriffs,
'300- coroners and commonalties of counties, commanding the election without
27 March delay of three knights, or other discreet persons, who were to be at York
20 May on the morrow of Ascension-day following {i.e, 20 May), in order to do
and execute what should be then and there enjoined to them for the
strict observance thenceforth of the Great Charter of Liberties and
Charter of the Forest in their several articles. On the following day
28 March (28 March) the king sent writs, accompanying an Inspeximus and
Confirmation, to the sheriffs, requiring them to have the two charters
read in full county and publicly proclaimed four times a year ; namely,
in the courts held immediately after the feasts of Easter^ S.John Baptist^
Michaelmas and Christmas; and to see that all the articles contained in
both charters were firmly kept and observed.' In counties in which the
* This is the final clause: — " En totes Us choses desusdites e ehescune de
eles voet le Roi e entent il e soen consail e touz ceus qui a cest ordenement
fureni qe le droit e la Seignurie dc sa Coroune saves lui soient par tout
[Statutes of the Realm, i. 141]. (In all the things abovesaid, and every
of them, the king wills and intends — he and his council, and all those
who were present at [the making of] this ordinance — that the right and
suzerainty of his crown shall be saved throughout the whole.)
- Printed from Close Roll^ 28 Edw. I. m, 1 1 dorso in Parliamentary
Writs^ i. 87 ; and in Rymer's Fosdera^ i. 919.
^ Printed from Close Roll^ 28 Edw, I. m, 8 dorso in Rymer's Faidera^
L 919.
EDWARD THE FIRST 23 1
king had forests the two charters were to be read ; but in other counties,*
no mention of the Charter of the Forest, but of the Charter of Liberties
only.
An original Inspeximus and confirmation of the Great Charter,
granted at the same date (28 March 1300) by Edward to the City of
London, remains among the records of the exchequer.^ On the fold at
the bottom, to which by a strip of parchment is attached the Great Seal
— of white wax, much broken at the verge — is written :—
;0laflna Carta ^t HCbrrtatdiuB ^nglie pro CtbitoU Eottfron^
An endorsement in one line reads : — " Carta magna de Hbertatibus
Anglie, Examinatur et non indiget consideractone^* (Great Charier of
the Liberties of England. Examined, and wants no consideration).
On the first of April 1300, the king, in his anxiety to have the Charter A,D,
of the Forest (granted by his father) firmly observed in all its articles, '3oo-
issued commissions to certain persons in various counties (but not in ' Apnl
Lancashire), to make perambulations of the forests ; for which pur-
pose they were to call before them, in the presence of the Justices of
the Forest, all foresters and verderers at the days and places' assigned
to them. The perambulations so made were to be returned under seal
to the king, in order that he with the aid of his council might fully con-
sider the matter. A,D,
Edward left Westminster at the beginning of April and, after spend- * Sow-
ing some days (7-15 April) at St. Albans, made a long progress through 7-i5 April
several counties, arriving at Carlisle (at the time fixed) on the 28th of
June. Having conducted the siege of Carlaverock, be remained in iSJuae
Scotland until September, about the middle of which month he is foimd
at Rose Castle.^ While here, he sent out writs* (26 Sept.) for a par- 26 Sept.
liament to be held at Lincoln, in eight days after the feast of S. Hilary
(or 20 January 1 300-1), for the purpose of receiving the returns of the
* As to counties (among which was Lancashire), in which the king
had no forest, see below (p. 232).
' Exchequer, Treasury of Receipt, Miscellanea^ 21/28A.
' For the counties of Salop, Stafford and Derby the meeting-place was
Lichfield, on the morrow of Ascension-day (or 20 May), 1300. See
Parliamentary IVrits, \, 397, 398 ; and Prynne's History of King fohUy
&c. 849.
^ The residence of the bishops of Carlisle^ in the parish of Dalston,
Cumberland, and called in documents of this period " la Rose J* Here
Edward was joined by the queen, wh^ came to la Rose on Sunday the
1 8th of September, 1300; as appears by a marginal note to a Household
Account {Q.R, Wardrobe^ 9/32) of the 28th year opposite that date —
" Hie venit ReginaJ^
* Printed in Parliamentary Writs^ i. 89-91.
232
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Counties
with no
forest.
21 May
7 June
lo June
Perambulations of the Forests, and considering exceptions that m^
be raised against them, either on his own behalf, or on that of othn
Although the commissioners whom he had lately assigned have brougk
to him their returns, he is unable (he says) to do anything^ without the
prelates, earls, barons and other magnates of the realm, in whose
presence he desires all claims or exceptions, whether his own or d
others, to be propounded and heard, and to proceed in the matter witk
their advice ; especially as they are bound, like himself, by oath to
maintain the rights of his kingdom and crown (jura reg^nz et corone\
Now, wishing to treat upon this and other matters with the aforesaid
prelates, barons and magnates, and with the commons of the realm, he
commands every sheriff to send to Lincoln on the day named (20 Jaa
1 300-1) two knights of the shire ; namely, those who came to the last
parliament ; also the same citizens and burgesses for ail cities and
boroughs then represented by them. In case of the death or infirmity
of any knight, citizen, or burgess, another to be chosen in his stead.
Reasonable expenses to be allowed to the persons so sent in going to,
staying at, or returning from the same parliament And besides, public
proclamation is to be made without delay throughout the entire baili-
wick, that all who have lands or tenements within the metes of a royal
forest, and wish in any wise to challenge the perambulation, are to be
before the king in Parliament to show their exceptions. The two
Justices of the Forest (North and South of Trent) were commanded to
send to Lincoln at the same date all foresters within their jurisdictions,
in order to assist with their counsel in the premises.
The writs of the same date (26 Sept.), directed to the sheriffs of
counties, in which the king had no forest (among which was Lancashire),
differed somewhat in form ; the command to allow expenses and to make
public proclamation being omitted. These were the counties of Bedford,
Cambridge, Cornwall, Hertford, Kent, Lancaster, Leicester, Lincoln,
Middlesex, Norfolk, Northumberland, Suffolk, and Sussex.
On 21 May 1300 the king sent letters^ to the knights and commonalties
of Flintshire and various parts of Wales, asking them to give credence
to Richard de Mascy justiciar of Cheshire and others, who had been
deputed to apply to them on his behalf for a subsidy towards carrying
on his war in Scotland ; and, on 7 June following, he wrote^ to the same
Richard ihsLtj as the people of North Wales had given a sum of 2,000
marks for his said war, he was to use all pains and diligence in obtaining
the like substantial aid from those inhabiting Englefeud, Flint and
Rothelan. Similar commands were laid upon others to raise money in
the remaining parts of Wales and the Marches.' On the loth of June
* Printed in Parliamentary Writs^ i. 343.
' The Accompt of the subsidy then granted in Wales was rendered by
Richard de Haveringe^ and is sewn up with the Pipe Roll^ 33 Edw. I.
under the title : — " Compotus Magistri Ric'i de Haverynge clerici de
Subsidio per Communitatem Wallie in subsidium guerre sue Scocie
concesso anno xxviij
o JJ
EDWARD THE FIRST 233
Edward commanded Robert de Holande and Matthew de Redman to
bring to Carlisle, at the latest on the third or fourth day after the 24th of
June, the 2,000 foot, lately (30 April) ordered to be raised by them in
Lancashire^ fully armed and equipped for going with the army against
the rebellious Scots; Henry de Craystoke clerk being appointed pay-
master of the force.
The parliament met accordingly at Lincoln on the 20th of January A J),
1300-1, when prolonged debate arose. As to the perambulations, the *3oo-*«
king willed that they should be shown to the good people {;as bones 20 Jan.
gentz qe sunt venutz a ceo parlement\ and examined by them. If, after
having duly weighed and considered all the evidences which could be
brought forward on his behalf, they should advise him that the perambu-
lations had been well and lawfully made, he was willing that these
should stand, provided that he could confirm them without breaking his
oath, and without disinheriting the crown {saunz blemir son serment e
saunz la coronne desheriter\ The prelates and magnates, on behalf of
the whole body assembled in parliament, evaded the points raised, and
propounded twelve articles,^ which they desired the king to answer,
one by one. Here Edward specifically allows (among other things) ;
that the two charters shall be kept henceforth in all their points ; that
all statutes to the contrary shall be null and void ; that the power of the
justices assigned in counties for the observance of the charters shall be
assured ; that the perambulations now made shall be carried out at once
by deafforesting, according to the bounds fixed by the commissioners ;
that any perambulation, yet imperfect, shall be completed between this
and Michaelmas-day next (29 Sept J 301). Subject' to the express
condition that all these things should be done within that period, this
parliament granted to the king a Fifteenth of their moveable goods, Fifteenth
to be levied after the date named, and required that four knights should granted,
be elected by general assent in every county to tax, collect and pay to
the king the said Fifteenth. The prelates declared that they could not,
and dared not agree to a contribution being made from their own goods,
or from the goods of the clergy, in face of the prohibition of the pope.
Eventually, however, a Fifteenth was levied upon the temporal goods of
the clergy. It was postponed twice by Edward at the request of the
archbishop of Canterbury ; but, being urgently needed for the defence
of the kingdom, it was ordered to be levied by writs,' dated at Lanum
^ These are printed in Parliamentary IVrits^ i. 104, 105, from an
ancient Register preserved among the archives of Canterbury.
' Le pueple du Reaume ensy kc totes les choses suzdites se facent e
seent establement afermez e acompliz ly graunte le xv°* en luy del
xx"* einz ces houres graunte issint ke totes les choses suz dites entre sy
e la Seint Michel prochein suant se facent autrement qe rien ne seit
levee." [To which the king replied] " Placet expressed* [Pari. IVrits,
i. 105]
' Fine Roll^ 31 Edward I. memb. 7.
234 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
(Laneham) i6 April 1302, and directed to the taxors and collectors of
counties. By other writs, dated at Perth 25 June following, the collection
was hastened, and the money ordered to be paid on fixed days. For the
taxors in the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, Cumberland, Northum-
berland, Lancaster, Westmoreland and Derby, the term was the
morrow of the feast of S. Peter ad vincula (or 2 August), 1302.
A,D, Edward on the fourteenth of February following (i 300-1) confirmed
1 300- 1, thg perambulations, decreeing that whatsoever* by these is put out of
14 Feb. forest shall remain without, and that the residue shall continue forest for
ever, according to the metes and bounds found and recited by the com-
missioners. Thereupon the details are set out particularly for every
county in which the king had forest, and transcribed in a special roll,'
enixxX^A, ^^ Rotulus Perambulationum ForestarumJ^ now (January 1891)
known as Tower, Miscellaneous Rolls^ 113. The several counties occur
in this order, beginning from the inside (or head) of the roll : — Stafford
(w. 18), Huntingdon (17), Worcester (16), Warwick, Rutland (15),
Gloucester (14), Salop (13), Essex (12), Northampton (11), Nottingham
(10), Somerset (9), Oxford (8), Hertford (7), Wilts (6), Cumberland (5),
Southampton (4), Buckingham (3), Yorkshire (2), Dorset (i). A note
here states that the Perambulations of Surrey and Berks are entered in
the Close Roll (dorso) of the 28th year.
The omission of Lancashire from this list and the constant refer-
ence to the fact, that the king had no forest in this county, are explained
under the grant made by Henry III. to his son Edmund^ as before seen
(p. 163). There was certainly forest in the three Wapentakes of
Amoundemes, West Derby and Lonsdale ; and, at this date (29 Ediv. I.X
all the royalties and privileges granted to his father had passed by
hereditary succession to Thomas earl of Lancaster, It is found, how-
ever, that, during the king's absence in Flanders, appointments are
recorded (16 Oct. 1295) of persons assigned to make perambulations of
the forests in various counties ; and, among those so named, are John
de Lythegreynes and Henry de GildefordCy who were to act in the
counties of York, Cumberland, Lancaster, Nottingham and Derby.*
* " Ita quod quicquid per istas perambu lactones ponitur extra forest am
rernaneat extra forestam et residuum remaneat Joresta secundum metas
et bundas predictas imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium has Utteras
nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipso apud LincoM xiiij. die
Februarii anno etc. vicesimo nono" [Rot. Perambu lationum Forest-
arum^ m, 8].
- See Second Report of the Deputy Keeper of Public Records^
Appendix ii. 59.
' " Eodem modo assignantur fohannes de Lythegt^ et Henr* de
Gildeford in comitatibus subscriptis videlicet in com, Ebot^ Cumbr'
Lamastr" Notingh' et Dert^J' [Close Roll, 25 Edw. I. part 2, m, 3,
See also Patent Roily 26 Edw, I. (i 17) w. 32.]
EDWARD THE FIRST 235
Again, in specifying the contents of a large canvas bag {una magna
baga de canabo) which was delivered to William de Brechull^ chamber-
lain of the exchequer, on the i8th of January in the 29th year (i 300-1),
for carriage to the parliament at Lincoln, six smaller bags {in qua
fuerunt sex minores bage) — each sealed with the seal of the chancellor of
the exchequer {Philip de Wilughby) — are described with their respec-
tive titles. Of these, a canvas bag (the second in order) contained Rolls
of William de Wesoy^, (rather Vescy) eyre of the king's forests in the
counties of Cumberland, Northumberland, Lancaster, Nottingham
and York, in 13, 14 and 15 Edward^ with writs and other memoranda of
his (the justice) time. In this bag there were also sundry transcripts
of charters granted by divers kings of England. Hence it may be
inferred that, under the charter of Hen, III. (p. 163), Edward^s claim to
forest in Lancashire had been successfully challenged. The exact
description, copied from the roll now before me, is as follows : —
" Item alia baga de canabo que sic intitulatur RotuP W. de Wescy de
Itinere forestarum domini Regis E. in comitatibus Cumbr* Norhumbr*
Lane* Not' et Ebor* annis regni Regis E. xiij. xiiij. et xv. cum brevibus
et aliis memorandis de tempore suo et in hoc baga fuerunt diversa
transcripta cartarum diversorum Regum Anglie^^ \Exch, QJi, Memor-
anda (25), 29 Edw, I. Ro. 31 dorso.]
A series of " Forest Rolls " exists for Lancashire.^ The earliest of
these (a roll of one membrane, in fine condition) begins on the 5th of
Feb. 1 29 1 -2, and is headed : —
"Rotulus de transgressione facta de venacione domini Edmundi
comitis Lane* in foresta sua in comit* Lane* tempore Rad'i de Monjoye
senescalli ejusdem foreste." Mention is here made of the Forests of
Wyresdale and Qwememore ; and the latest inquiry (in this roll) is
dated on Tuesday (31st Jan. 1295-6) before the Purification B. V. M. in
the 24th year.
By letters patent, dated at Lincoln on the same day (14 Feb. 1 300-1),
the king — after reciting his confirmation and renewal of the Great
Charter of Liberties and Charter of the Forest, granted by his father —
made known to all his subjects his will and grant that any statutes
contrary to the two Charters, or to any article in either of them, should
be amended, or even annulled by the general council of the realm.
Witness the following^ : —
^ Chapter House {County Bags) Forest Rolls ^ Box 3, n*»» i to 19.
2 Printed by Prynne in his History of King fohn, 8lq, 855 (wrongly
numbered 853), from an original; of which (he says) he found four
" extant in the Tower under his [the king] Great Seal." Blackstone
prints the same which he calls Charter of Confirmation {Carta Con-
finnationis) of king Edward. [The Great Charter^ &c. 85.]
236 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Edwardus Dei gi'ocia rex Anglie dominus Hibemie et dux Aguitame
omnibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint salutemSciatis quod cum not
magnam cartam domini H, quondam regis Anglie patris nostri de liber'
tcUibus Anglie una cum carta deforesta concesserimus et confirtnaverimui
ac innovaverimus per cartam nostram preceperimusque quod ccu^ie ille in
singulis suis articulis teneantur etfirmiter observentur volutnus ei con-
cedimuspro nobis et heredibus nostris quod si que statutafuerint contraria
dictis cartis vel alicui articulo in eisdem cartis contento ea de communi
consilio regni nostri modo debito emendentur vel eciam adnuUentur. In
cujus rei testimonium has litteras nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste
14 Feb. me ipso apud Uncolri xiiii. de Februarii anno regni nostri vicesimo nono,
1 300-1. [Rot, Peramb, Forestarum (now Tower, Miscellaneous Rolls^ 113), »»• i8-]
This is regarded as Edwardus last act of confirmation by Prynne^ who
sums up the matter {History of King John^ &c 856) in these words : —
" Thus were these two Great Charters fully and absolutely ratified,
and this grand businesse of the Perambulations of all Forests settled [and]
confirmed, after all these successive Parliamentary contests between the
King and his Nobles concerning them, to the Nobles and Commons great
content and satisfaction, though not with so much sincerity on the King^s
part as they imagined, which he afterwards discovered to his great
dishonour, and justification of the Earls and Nobles jealousies of his
sincerity therein."
With respect to the same settlement Blackstone remarks : —
" This seems to have been the final and complete establishment of
the two charters, of liberties and of the forest: which, from their first
concession under king John A.D, 121 5, had been often endangered, and
undergone very many mutations, for the space of near a century; but
were now fixed upon an eternal basis, having in all, before and since
this time, (as sir Edward Coke observes) been established, confirmed,
and commanded to be put in execution, by two and thirty several acts
of parliament." \The Great Charter^ &c. Introduction, Ixxiv.]
A,D. The king, writing from Stirling 8 October to the sheriffs and common-
1301. alties of the counties, reminds them that they had granted to him in his
late parliament at Lincoln a Fifteenth of such moveable goods as they
should have on Michaelmas-day now last past (29 Sept. 1301) ; and
informs them that it had been unanimously agreed by the council then
with him and his son in his Scottish expedition, that four or three
knights, or other faithful and discreet persons, should be elected to
assess, tax, levy and collect the said Fifteenth. He commands them
therefore to proceed to election without delay, and to have those who
shall be so chosen before the treasurer and barons of the exchequer on
the Monday after the feast of S. Luke Evangelist next (23 Oct. 1301).
Every sheriff was at the same date further directed, on sight of the
letters patent, to assemble the commonalty of his county for the purpose
of electing knights as assessors. The persons thereupon returned in
Lancashire were Nicholas Blundel^ John Gcntil and Henry de Trajffbrd^
8 Oct.
EDWARD THE FIRST 237
who were assigned by letters patent,* dated at Donypas (Dunipace) A,D,
24 October, to assess, tax, levy and collect the Fifteenth, and to pay the ^3oi-
money coming therefrom at three terms, namely ; the first part in fifteen ^^ ^^^*
days of Saint Martin next (25 Nov. 1301) ; the second part in fifteen
days of Easter following (6 May 1302) ; and the third part in fifteen
day§ from the feast of the Nativity of S.John Baptist (8 July 1302).
The form' of taxing the Ninth formerly levied (p. 213) was sent to
Edward, while he was at war in Scotland, by the bishop of Coventry
and Uchfieldy then treasurer ; in order that with the advice of his
council, assisted by the earls, barons and magnates there, he might
ordain in what manner the Fifteenth, granted to himself in parliament
at Lincoln, ought to be assessed. After revision, the necessary altera-
tions having been made, the approved form was returned to the
exchequer, and ordered to be carried out.
. In every county there are to be four knights, chief
Form of taxing ^^^^ ^nd collectors, who are to be chosen by the
and levying' tne
Fifteendi county ; and these shall cause to be elected in every
town four or two lawful men — more or less, according
to its size — ^able to assess the people of the town in which they are. If
none shall be found there, then others who are most lawful and capable
to be elected from the nearest towns. Those townsmen so chosen shall
be sworn to lawfully assess and tax all the goods of every one, whether
in the field, house, or elsewhere, on Michaelmas-day last past (29 Sept.
1301), and shall set down in a roll all the parcels and the sums, and
deliver it under their seals to the chief taxors, retaining by them a
transcript with the seals of the last-named, in order to levy the money.
The chief four assessors and taxors shall go from hundred to hundred,
and from town to town, for the purpose of seeing and inquiring, whether
every one's, goods be well and lawfully assessed and taxed according to
right and reason. They shall inquire if any one in the towns has since
Michaelmas-day removed anything, so that it is not included among his
other goods in possession on the day named. If so, any such to be
taxed like the rest The goods of the taxors in towns shall be taxed by
other lawful men of their neighbourhood, not of affinity to them, who
are to be assigned thereto and sworn by the chief taxors ; and the
taxation of the last shall be reserved to the treasurer and barons of the
* Printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 106, 107.
* This " memorandum " is found in the roll of Afemoranda L, T,R.
(n** 26), 30 Edw. L Ro. 52, and is immediately followed by the form used
for the Ninth, marked with many interlineations, corrections, &c., and
on the next membrane (53) is written fairly the amended and approved
form of taxing and levying the Fifteenth lately granted, which agrees
with that printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 105 (46).
238 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
exchequer. Temporal goods only to be taxed in any county.* As soon
as any wapentake, hundred, or town, shall be taxed, then the Fifteenth
shall be levied for the first term ; so that, when a sum amounting to
£6(X, or more, has been received, it is to be sent at once to the
exchequer.
The Accounts of the collectors of this Fifteenth are found in Foreign
Accounts^ Roll n" 2, beginning with Derby, then York (three ridings),
Cumberland, Westmoreland, Lancaster, Northumberland, and so on, for
the whole of England : —
De quintadecima Regi concessa anno xxix.
Derb' Compotus Galfridi de Grisele Henrici de Brailesforde et
Hugonis Teveray taxatorum et collectorum xv* Regi con-
cesse in com. Derb' anno regni Regis E. xxix. per breve
Regis patens viz. de quintadecima Regi concessa in parlia-
mento Regis apud Lincoloniam.
lidem reddunt compotum de CCCC. xxx. H. xix. s. v. d.
q*t' receptis de xv* tocius com. Derb* predicto anno xxix.
sicut continetur in Rotulo de particulis quem liberaverunt in
thesauro. Summa CCCC. xxx. li. xix. s. v. d. q*t' In
thesauro C. li. in. ij. tall. Et debent CCC. xxx. li. xix. s. v.
d. q*t' Sed respondent in Derb' in R® iiij. R. E. fil. Regis
hujus.
LAN- Compotus Nich*i Blundel Joh*is Gentyl et Henrici de
CASTR* Trafforde taxatorum et collectorum predicte xv* Regi in
eodem parliamento concesse in comitatu Lancastr* per breve
Regis patens.
IlDEM reddunt compotum de CCC. Ixxvj. li. vj. s. vj. d.
ob. q*t' de quintadecima omnium bonorum mobilium quinte-
decime in com. predicto sicut continetur in Rotulis de par-
ticulis quos liberaverunt in thesauro.
Summa — CCC. Ixxvj. li. vj. s. vj. d. ob. q*t.' In
thesauro CCC. Ixv. li. xv. d. in. vi. talliis. Et eisdem pro
misis et expensis quas fecerunt circa taxacionem et col-
leccionem predictas xj. li. v. s. iij. d. ob. qH.* Et quieti sunt.
[Exch. L,T.R, Foreign Accounts, Roll n® 2.]
* Here is repeated in the same terms the leper-clause before quoted
(p. 214).
EDWARD THE FIRST
Comparative Table of Receipts
OF THE Fifteenth
239
County
Total
I. North of Trent
£^
s, a.
Cumberland
• • • • • •
• •«
331
2 4i
Lancaster
• • • •• •
• ••
376
6 6}
Northumberland *
• • • • • •
• • •
508
16 8i
Westmoreland
••• • • •
•• •
538
14 6J
York : N. Riding ...
1,668
13
9i
E. Riding ...
1,118
II
4
W. Riding
989
15
8
3,777
loj
2. South of Trent
Essex*
1,603
17 i^
Hertford
747
3 iii
Kent
3,361
4 loi
Lincoln'
5,084
7i
Middlesex*
414
12 8i
Norfolk
5,263
13
Suffolk
1,622
5 li
Surrey
728
16 8f
^tH to matrs tfie tttng^s finest Haugtitet:
(granted 18 Edw. I.)
assessed at forty shillings the fee.
Estreats of knights* fees in the county of LANCASTER
for marrying the king's eldest daughter, assessed in
the thirty-first year of the reign.
\A roll of one membrane {^written on both
sides\ rather discoloured^ but otherwise
in a good state,]
130
3
Edw. I.
* The burgesses of Newcastle-upon-Tyne sent to the king, in Sept.
1301,^200. [Exch. Q. R, Wardrobe Account 10/4].
^ See Rolls of Parliament, i. App. 243, for the personal taxation, in
detail, of moveable goods had on Michaelmas-day 1301 in the borough
of Colchester, and four townships within the liberty of the same borough.
^ The mayor and inhabitants of the city of Lincoln fined in £^00^
and the king gave them (23 Aug.) an acquittance [Pari. IVrits, i. 106].
* The mayor, citizens and comn\onalty of the city of London fined
for the 15th in 2,500 marks (or £ifi(>6 13J. 4//.), for which sum the king
gave (20 July) an acquittance [Pari. Writs, i. 105]. .
240 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
I June On Thursday the first of June in the i8th year of his reign (1290}, an
1290. Aid for marrying his eldest daughter, assessed at forty shillings upon
cjvery knight's fee, was unanimously granted to the king in full* parliament
by the prelates, earls, barons and other magnates, on behalf of them-
selves and the whole commonalty of the realm ; but, for the ease of the
people, he postponed its collection until the 31st year.'
Of the Aid so granted in Parliament the following record is pre-
served in Memoranda (Q.R.) of the Exchequer, inrolled in Trinity term
18 Edw. 1.(1290) : —
Adhuc Communia de termino Sancte Trinitatis anno xviij*^.
[Ro. 9 dorso.]
De concessione MEMORANDUM quod die Jovis prime die
ad primogenitam Junii anno regni Regis E. xviij. con-
filiam Regis mar- gregatis coram Rege apud Westm* epis-
itandam. copis Wynton' Bathon' Dunolm' Karl' et
Magislro Will'o de Luda electo Elyensi
dominis Edmundo fratre domini Regis Will'o de Valencia
avunculo ejusdem domini Regis G.de Clare comite Glovemie
J. de Waren' comite Surrie H. de Lacy comite Lincolnie H.
de Bohun comite Herefordie et quibusdam aliis tam baron-
ibus quam magnatibus Anglie concordatum est et com-
muniter concessum quod ad auxilium ad primogenitam
filiam Regis maritandam dentur de quolibet feodo xl. solidi
Ita scilicet quod non cedat eis in prejudicium presens
concessio quin auxilium alias in casu consimili concedendum
augeaturvel minuatur secundum quod magnates Anglie tunc
temporis duxerint concedendum et quod predictum auxilium
levetur de feodis sicut auxilium alias concessum levari
consuevit.
[Exck, Q.R. Memoranda (n<» 15 B), 17 & 18 Edw. I.]
A.D. In the parliament which had been summoned to meet' 29 Sept. 1302,
1302. but afterwards (by writs of 13 Sept.) prorogued to the 14th of October
14 Oct. following, and then held, it was agreed that the levy of the Aid granted
for marrying the king's eldest daughter should now be made. Accordingly
* Observe the words, " in plena parliamento^^ cited below (p. 247)
from Foreign Accounts^ Roll n" i.
2 " cujus quidem levacioni faciende pro dicte communitatis aisiamento
hucusque supersedimus graciose." \ParliamentaryWTits^ i. 132; printed
from Patent Roily 30 Edw. I. m. i.]
' See Parliamentary IVrits, i. in, 114.
EDWARD THE FIRST 24 1
Edward issued writs, dated 7 Nov. 30th* year (1302), appointing to
collect the aid in any county the sheriff, associated with one other person.
In Lancashire the sheriff and John Blundel were nominated. They
were commanded to levy and collect for the king's use forty shillings
from every knight's fee, so as to have one moiety of the aid ready for
delivery to the treasurer and chamberlains of the exchequer in eight
dajrsof the Purification B.V.M. next coming (9 Feb. 1302-3) ; and the
other moiety on the morrow of Ascension-day following (17 May 1303).'
All tenants of fees were commanded to answer and attend to the
collectors in the matter ; and at the same time, after reciting the writ
issued for a particular county, the king informed the prelates, earls,
barons, knights and all others of that county, as to the name of the
collector who had been assigned to act in conjunction with the sheriff.
On the same day (7 Nov. 1302) the king sent writs' of summons to
the earls, barons, and other his military tenants, requesting them to be
at Berwick upon Tweed on Whitsunday next (26 May 1 303), prepared
with horses and arms to go with him against his enemies, the Scots^ and
to repress manfully and strenuously their rebellion. All prelates,'
religious men and other ecclesiastics, with all widows and women, holding
of himself in chief, or by serjeanty, were in like manner commanded to
have at Berwick all their service at the date prefixed, in readiness for
his projected expedition into Scotland.
EXTRACTE de feodis Militum in Comitatu Lancastrie ad
primogenitam filiam Regis maritandam anno regni Regis
E. xxxj'
mo
Wapp' de Derbys[hire]
De Henrico de Lacy comite Lincoln ie pro j. feodo
militis in Apelton' cum membris xl. s.
* The return of knights' fees for the county of Derby {Exch. Lay
Subsidies^ 91/2) illustrates the use of the participles, finiente^ incipientey
so often before insisted upon (pp. 151, 162, note 4, 181, note 3) : —
" Compotus Rad*i de Shirleye, Petri Pycot et Henr* de Braylesforde,
coUectorum auxilii feodorum in com. Derb* anno r. R. E. fil. R. H.
xxx'^ finiente^ incipiente xxxf*^ per Inquisiciones per ipsos collectores
factas." At this early date, then, a " book of fees,'* which was referred
to as a standard authority, existed in the exchequer : as by a note at the
foot of the second membrane, that the collectors are charged for more
fees than appear in their Accompt " per librum de feodis ad Scaccarium
existentem."
- Printed in Parliamentary Writs^ i. 132 (64) from Patent Roll^ 30
Ed7v. I. m. I.
^ Printed in Parliamentary Writs ^ i . 366, 367.
R
242
LANCASHIRE LAV SUBSIDIES
De Roberto de Lathum tencnte de eodem comite
pro j, feotJo in Knouslegh' xl. s.
De Gilberto le Norreys tenente de eodem comite
pro j. fcodo in Sutton' cum mcmbris ... , xl. s.
De Wiir mo le Botiler ten' de comite Lane' pro
ij. feodis in Werington' cum mcmbris iiij. IL
De Thoma dc Grelleye ten' de eodem comite pro
j, feodo in Childewell' cum membris xl. s.
De Ric'o de Molineus ten' de eodem comite pro
dimidio feod' in Scfton' xx. s.
DeJohannedeLangeton' ten' de eodem comite pro
j. feodo in Lauton' ct Kenian cum membris xl. s.
De Will' mo de Bradeshaghe proxij' parte j. feodi
in Haghe tent" de eodem comite xl. d.
Summa feodorum — vij. feoda et dimid'
et xij* pars,
Summa denariorum — xv. li. iij. s. iiij. d.
Wapp' de Salford'
De Henrico de Bury ten' de comite Lincolniepro
j. feodo in Bury xl. s.
De Rogero de Middclton' ten' de eodem comite
pro j. feodo in Middelton' cum membris ... xl. s.
De Galfrido dc Chaderton' ten' de eodem comite
pro iiij" parte j. feodi in Chaderton' x. s.
De Johanne de Langeford' ten' de Thoma de
Grelleye pro j. feodo in Whytinton' xl. s.
De Rogero de Pilkcnton' ten' de eodem Thoma
pro qiiarta parte j. feodi in Pilkcnton' x,
De Rob'to de Holond Joh' Deuyas ct Henr' de
Trafford' tenentibus de eodem Thoma pro
viij'" parte j. feodi in Harewode v. s.
De Thoma de Grelleye pro j. feodo militis et
dimidio in dominico suo in Barton' cum
membris Lx. s.
De Elena de Thurbekc tenente de eodem Thoma
pro viij" parte j. feodi in Thurton' v. s.
De Ric'o de Hulton' ten' de comite Lane' pro vj"
parte j. feodi in Hordessale ct Flixton' ... vj. s. viij. d.
EDWARD THE FIRST 243
■ De eodem Ric'o ten' de Thoma de Grelleye in
Alyweir pro x. parte j. feodi iiij. s.
De eodem Ric'o ten* de eodem Thoma pro x.
parte j. feodi in Heton iiij. s.
De eodem Ric'o ten' de comite Lane* pro vj** parte
j. feodi in Penilton' v].s.viij.d.
De Ric'o de Ines et Ad' de Hyndelegh' ten' de
Thoma de Grelleye pro viij^* parte j. feodi in
Asphuir V. s.
De Abbate de Cokersand ten' de eodem Thoma
^ro xl* parte j. feodi in Westhalton' xij. d.
De Ad' de Tottelawe ten' de comite Lane' pro. xl*
parte j. feodi in Tettelagh' xij. d.
De Wiiro de Anderton' ten' de Thoma de Grelleye
pro iij* parte j. feodi in Rumworthe et Lostoke j. marc.
De heredibus Rob'ti de parva Boulton' ten' de
comite Lane' pro xij* parte j. feodi in
Boulton' xl. d.
De Rob'to de Holond et Joh'e Deuias ten* de
comite Lane' pro viij^ parte j. feodi in
Brithmete v. s.
De Ric'o de Radeclyve ten' de eodem comite pro
viij* parte j feodi in Radeclive v. s.
De Ad[am] de Urmestone ten' de eodem comite
pro viij^* parte j. feodi in Urmestone v. a.
Summa feodorum — vj. feoda et di. et
iiij** pars j. feodi.
Summa denariorum — xiij. li. x. s.
Wapp' de Laylond'
De heredibus Johannis de la Mare ten' de feodo
de Homeby pro j. feodo in Croston' cum
membris ... xl. s.
De Thoma de Grelleye pro iij^"* carucatis terre
in Writington' et Perbaud unde decem
faciunt feodum j. militis x[ij. s.]
De Will'mo de Writington* ten' de Thoma de
Grelleye pro di. feod* excepta x* parte in
W[r]itington * ... [torn]
R 2
244 LANCASHIRE LAV SUBSIDIES
De Rob'to de Clayton' ten' de comite Lane' pro
X* parte j. feodi in Clayton' et xx"* parte j.
feodi in Penewurtham vj. s.
De heredibus Warini de Walton' ten' de eodeoi
comite pro X' parte j. feodi in Longeton'
Leylond et Eukestone iiij. s.
De Rob'to de Withull" ten' de eodem comite pro
X* parte], feodi in Langeton' iiij. s.
Dc Abbate de Cokcrsand ten' de eodem comite
pro iiij'' et XX"" parte in Uoton' xij.s.
De heredibus Rob'ti Banastre ten' de eodem
comite in Shevinton' Cliernoke et Walse-
wytiir pro iiij" parte j. feodi x. s.
Summa feodorum — ij. feoda etdi.quarta
pars et xx' pars j. feodi.
Summa denariorum — Cxij, s.
Wapp' de Ammund[ernes]
De Ingelramo de Gynes et Joh'ne de Rigmaiden
tenentibus terras que fuerunt Will'i de
Lanc[astria] pro di. f. in Geirstanke cum
membris que tenent de comite Lane' xx. s.
De Will'o le Botiller tenente de eodem comite in
Laton' pro j. feodo xl. s.
De Edmundo le Botiller ten' de eodem comite
in Whiteton pro di. feod' militis I ... xx. s.
De Will'mo le Botiller et Edmundo le Botiler ten'
de eodem comite pro di. feod' etx' parte j.
feodi in Magna Merton' xxiiij. s. I
De Thoma de Bethum ten' de eodem comite pro
iiij" parte j. feodi in Kelgrimesarghe et
Brining x, s.
De eodem Thoma ten' de comite Lincolnie pro
iij* parte j. feodi in Warton' j. marc'
Dc Ad[am] de Frekelton' ten' de comite Line'
pro), feodo in Frekelton' Wytingham Neuton'
et Elleswyke pro j. feodo xl. s,
De Edm'o le Botiller ten' de comite Lane' pro
X' parte j feodi in Mithope iiij. s.
EDWARD THE FIRST 245
De Wiirmo de Preez ten' de comite Line' pro iiij**
parte j. feodi in Preez et Neuton' x. s.
De Abbate de Walleye ten' de feodo comitis
Lane' pro di. feod* in Steyninge xx. s.
Summa feodorum — v. feoda et xxviij*
pars.
Summa denariorum — x. li. xvj. d.
Wapp' de Lonesdale
De Margareta de Neville tenente de eomite Lane'
pro ij**'" feodis militum in Horneby liij. li.
De Will'o de Daere ten* de eodem eomite pro j.
feodo militis in Halton' et Fisshewyke quod
dieit se tenere de eomite Lane* et quondam
de domino Rege pro forestar[ia] Et jam tenet
pro iiij* parte j. feodi x. s.
De Will'o de Burgo herede Ad[e] de Middelton'
ten' de eodem pro xiiij* parte j. feodi in
Midd[eltun] ij. s. x. d.
De Ingelranio de Gynes Marmedueo de Twenge
et heredibus Joh'is de Bella aqua ten' terras
que fuerunt Will'i de Lane' ten' de eodem
eomite pro di. feod' xx. s.
De eodem Ingelramo ten' de eodem eomite pro
iiij* parte et vj** parte feodi militis in Wy ting-
ton et Yeland XVJ.S.VJ. d.
De Will'o de Heton' ten' de feod' eomitis Line'
pro xiiij* parte feodi in Heton' ij. s. x. d.
De Joh'ne de Haveri[n]gton' ten' de Abbate de
Furneys pro xl* parte j. feodi in Aldingham xij. d.
Summa — iij. feoda et iiij* et xij* pars
j. feodi.
Summa denariorum— vj. li. xiij. s. ij. d
Wapp' de Blakeb[urn]
De Joh'ne de Langeton' ten' de eomite Line' pro
j. feodo in Waleton' in le Dale eum membris xl. s.
De Thoma de Alta ripa ten' de eodem eomite pro
iij* parte j. feodi in Hapton' xiij.s.iiij. d.
246 LANCASHIRE LAV SUBSIDIES
De Simone de Alnetham ten' de eodem comite
pro dL feod' in Alnetham cum membris ... xx. s.
De Will'mo de Pothaw ten' de eodem coraite pro
viij» parte feodi in Felering' {FoUrige] ... v. s.
De Henrico de Donum ten' de eodem comite pro
iij* parte j. feodi in Donum xiij.s.iuj.fL
De Joh'ne de Twysilton' ten' de eodem comite
pro viij" parte j. feodi in Twysilton' v. s.
De Rc^ero Noel et Rogero filio ejus ten* de
eodem comite pro iiij" parte j, feodi in
Magna Merley x. s.
De Joh'ne de Caterhale et participibus suis ten'
de eodem comite pro viij' parte j. feodi in
Thunleye cum membris v. s,
De Will'o de Horkeythe et participibus suis ten'
de eodem comite pro iiij'et viij" parte j.
feodi in Magna Harwode xv. s.
Dc eodem Will'o et participibus suis ten" de eodem
comite pro x' parte j. feodi in Rouston' ... iiij, s,
DeGilberto de Leghe ten' de eodem comite pro
viij* parte j. feodi in Extwysel v. s.
De Abbate de Walleye et Joh'e de Hulton' ten"
de eodem comite pro iiij' parte j. feodi in
Biakb' [? Blakiburn\ x. s.
De Galfrido de Chaderton' ten" de eodem comite
pro viij" parte j. feodi in Wytton' v. s.
De Joh'e de Knolle ten' de eodem comite pro
viij* parte j. feodi in Thomdel^he et
Wetteleye v.s.
De Rob'to de Hoppehale ten' de eodem comite
pro viij' parte j. feodi in Aghton' v. s.
De Joh'ne de Shutlesvrthe et participibus suis
ten' de eodem comite pro viij' parte j. feodi
in Hulton' v. s,
De Joh'e filio Roberti del Halle ten' de eodem pro
xl' parte j. feodi xij. d.
De Petro de Altancotes ten' de eodem comite pro
xx"* parte j. feodi ij. s.
De Rico' filio Ad[e] ten' de eodem comite pro
xL partej. feodi xij. d.
EDWARD THE FIRST
De Will'o de Wymundhouscs ten' de eodem comite
pro xl" parte j. feodi xij. d.
Summa feodorum — iiij. feoda et liij.*
pars j. feodi et Ix* pars j. feodi.
Summa denarionim— viij. li. x. s. viij. d.
Summa omnium feodonim Com. Lane — xxix
feoda et di. et iiij* pars j. feodi et iiij". pars J.
feodi.
Summa denarioruic' — Lix, 11 x. s. vj. d.
The receipis for the aid as relumed by the several collectors are
found in Roll n* I of Foreign Accounts, so often before quoted (pp. 15,
41, 134, ate).
De Auxilio
Auxiliuin per prelatos comites barones et ceteros magnates
de regno pro se et tota communitate ejusdem regni Regi E.
filio Regis H. in parliamento suo apud Westm' anno xviij.
concessum ad primogenitam liliam ipsius Regis E. maritan-
dam de singulis fcodis militum in dicto regno quolibet videlicet
feodo assesso ad xl. solidos sicut continetur in Memor' annj
xviij. termino Pasche et in Originali anni xxxj. In quo
continetur quod primo die Julij' anno xviij. in pleno parlia-
mento Regis prelati comites barones et ccteri magnates de
regno concorditer pro se ct tota communitate regni Regi
concessciunt de singulis feodis militum in regno in auxilium
ad primogenitam liliam Regis maritandam.
C0MPOTU.S Robert! Herewarde vicecomitis NorfT defuncti Norf?'
unius collector' dicti auxilii in com. NorfT Joh'is Herewarde
filii et heredis ejusdem Rob'ti pro eo et Joh'is le Breton'
alterius colteclor' ejusdem auxilii in com. predicto de supra-
dicto auxilio com. predict! per breve Regis patens cujus tenor
annotatur in Originali anni xxxj.
lidem reddunt compotum de xx. IL xijj, s. iiij. d. de pre-
dicto auxilio singulorum feodorum que de R^e vel de aliis
' See ibe reference (p. iz6) to the Aid in 30 {not 30^ as rnisprinted)
Edw. III. for knighting the Icing's eldest sod, on which occasion the
sum of money was /jg loj. ^4-
' A palpable error for " Junii " as before seen (p. 140J in the quotation
from Mefnaranda {Q.R.), i; 4 18 Ethv. I.
248 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
tenentur infra Hundredum de Tunstede videlicet de x. feodis
et tercia parte unius feodi militis sicut continetur in Rotulo
de particuHs quern iidem coUectores liberaverunt in thesauro
et in inquisicfonibus factis per eosdem collectores de feodis
supradictis quas inquisiciones similiter liberaverunt in
Thesauro. Et de etc,
Summa Recepte DCCCC. j. li. xij. s. ij. d. In thesauro
DCCC. xliij. li xj. s. xj. d. in vj. talleis. Et Abbas de
Langeleye etc.
[Exck, L,T,R. Foreign Accounts^ Roll n® i, nt. 37.]
Comparative Table of Receipts
OF THE
Aid for marrying the king's eldest daughter.
County
JD61 KS ••• ••« ••• (■« ••• •■■
^OluWcUl ••• ••• ••• •«• •■•
Cumberland
A^ W w %/Xl ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •••
C«d9CA ••« ••• ■•• (•• ••• •••
Hertford ..• ... ... ... ...
Xmw A A L •.• *•« ... ... ••• •••
JLrfAM V^Ao X ISlv *•• •«• •«. •■• .«•
XJIlCOlll •«• ..« ... «•■ •••
Middlesex
X^ vj^lvlllw ••• ••• ••• ••• •••
OUllUlJW ••• ••• ••• ••• «•• ■••
OUIaCV ••• ••• ••« «•• ••• •••
hk? LI9w\r«W ••• •■• ••• ••• ••• •••
York — N. Riding
K. Riding
W. Riding
Respite of '^^ ^^^^ granted to various persons respite of the foregoing aid up
this Aid. to certain fixed terms. Thus in Lancashire (with many other counties),
fn, 3. Thomas Grelle^ going to Scotland with Edward prince of Wales and
earl of Chester^ had respite on 9 May 1303 till Michaelmas following ; and
gn, 2. Henry de Lacy earl of Lincoln^ staying in Gascony in the king's service
on II Sept. 1303 till Easter following.*
;£.
s.
//.
222
6
8
330
I
8
17
10
3i
729
9i
529
14
4
170
13
518
18
3i
59
10
6
884
2
Hi
31
12
901
12
2
588
5
7
164
2
I
427
7
6
225
14
232
6
oi
239
7
5i
* Tower. Miscellaneous Rolls, 1 17; now (Dec. 1890) known as Chancery.
Miscellaneous Rolls^ 11/13. {Second Report of Deputy Keeper^ App. ii.
59]
EDWARD THE FIRST 249
assessed in the 32nd year of the reign.
(*)
In the 32nd year of his reign the king, being at Dunfermline on the A.D.
sixth of February' 1303-4, issued commissions to various persons for the '303-4-
assessment of tallage in cities, boroughs and his own demesnes within
certain specified counties. Thus Roger de Heghant^ Walter de
Gloucestre ?cci^John de Sandale, or two of them, were nominated to act
in the counties of Kent, Middlesex, Surrey and Sussex. In order that
the tax might be raised as soon as possible, they were commanded to
go at once to the cities, boroughs and demesnes aforesaid, and to assess
tallage according to the ability of the tenants, not sparing the rich, or
aggrieving the poor. The estreats of the whole tallage were to be
delivered to certain persons chosen by them, in order that the money
might be obtained without delay and answered at the exchequer. Walter
de Gloucestre 2LndiJohn de Sandale were informed, each of his appoint-
ment, but severally directed to do nothing without Roger de Hegham
being present with one or other of them. In like manner Adam de
Crokedayke^ John de Kirkeby and Michael de Harcla, or two of them,
were assigned to the counties of Lancaster, Cumberland and Westmore-
land ; and neither Adam^ nor Michael^ was to do any thing without yic7^;i
de Kirkeby, No accompt of Tallage is found, however, for this county ;
and no mention is made of a single payment for Lancashire in the
Receipt-roll' of Tallage, commencing in Easter-term, 32 Edw, I. This
roll (in a very excellent state) begins on Tuesday the seventh of April,
1304. As before done under the Twelfth and Eighth (p. 194) a few
entries are subjoined : —
Rotulus Recepte Talliagii dominicorum Regis Edwardi filii R.H. tallia-
torum in Anglia anno regni sui tricesimo secundo in termino Pasche.
^ No documents found for Lancashire.
» Patent Roll (i2^\ 32 Edw. I. m. 27 schedule. In this roll is found
an earlier writ, dated also at Dunfermline 20th January (1303-4), which
appoints assessors of tallage in the city of York.
' Reference was made above (p. 193) to this roll, as showing that
Easter-term in the Court of Exchequer commenced on Tuesday after
the Close of Easter, i.e, Tuesday-week after Easter-day, or eight days
before the other Courts.
250
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Cantebr'
Ebor'
Line'
Suth't
Glouc'
Salop'
Die Martis vij° die April*
D*^ Simon* de Stocton* ballivo Cantebr* pro homini-
bus ejusdem de talliag* eorundem iiij" li.
Summa. iiij" li.
Die Veneris x" die ApriP
D* Ballivis Civitatis Ebor* de Tallag* Civium ejusdem
Civitatis ... Liiij. li. xj. s, viij. d.
Summa. l«iiij. li. xj. s. viiij. d.
Die Sabati sequen'
D' Civibus Lincoln' de Tallag* eorundem C. li.
Summa. C. li.
Die Lune xiij** die April*
D* Civibus Wynton'de Tallag* eorundem CC. mar.
D' Hominibus Glouc' de fine pro tallage eorundem... C. li.
Die Sabati xviij die ApriP
D' Hominibus Salop' de fine pro tallag' eorundem... C. iiij** li.
So the receipt proceeds: — Wednesday, 22 April, the men of Stafford,
fine for tallage, 100 marks; Thursday, 30 April, the men of Ipswich,
taWsLge, ;£6o ; Monday, 1 1 May, the men of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
tallage, ;£io4; Tuesday (12 May), the men of Bristol, tallage, /200.
Receipt to this date, £i,o7S i is. Sd,
Then, after the feast of Holy Trinity: — Friday, 29 May, the citizens of
York, ;£i2; Saturday (30 May), the sheriffs and aldermen (named) of the
several wards (twenty-four) in the city of London, ;£i,o25 is. lod. After
which, other sums.
Receipt from Trinity-sunday (24 May),
to Saturday, 18 July, £\fii(> 19J. 2^
Next, the tallage tn medio tempore, the receipt of which begins on
Wednesday, 5 August, and ends on Saturday, 19 September.
V<YJZYAVi medii temporis, £y]2 i6r. 4^/.
Sum Total, i"3,268 7^. i\d,
\Exch, Treasury of Receipt, Miscellaneoy^^jy,']
Further relating to this Tallage, there is another roll— with the same
number, 45/7 (p. 193, note 5) — which shows receipts in Michaelmas-
term 34 Edw, I. (1306), but two entries only (12 Oct. and 3 Nov.), as
follows: —
Rotulus Recepte Tallagii dominicorum Regis in termino Sancti
Michaelis anno regni Regis E. xxxiiij*° finiente.'
* D' is a contraction for De, meaning " of" or " from."
' Observe the participle, finiente, not used as dogmatically laid down
by Sir Harris Nicolas (p. 149), but in the sense before explained (p. 151).
Michaelmas-term 34 & 35 Edw, I. (year-letter B, Easter-day 3 April)
began 10 October and ended 28 November (1306). [Bond's Handy-Book,
&c. 179.]
EDWARD THE FIRST 251
IT Die Martis * xij* die Octobr'
D' Executoribus testamenti Will' i de Beton' nuper London'
aldermanni de Warda Ripe Regine de Tallagio x.. s.
Summa patet.
IT Die Jovis iij** die Novembr*
D* Joh'e de la Lee nuper vie' pro hominibus de Essex'
Neuport de Tallagio suo xij. li.
Summa patet.
A Tallage-roll, consisting of five membranes (in a fair state of
preservation), remains for the town and barton of Gloucester.' Although
the assessment was actually made upon individuals— severally, by the
poll ' {^per capita) — whose names are written down with sums of money
against them/ the men of Gloucester elected to fine for their tallage in
the sum of ;£ioo^paid (as above seen) on Monday, 13 April 1304 — but
the whole amount laid upon them was no more than £77 2s. lod., viz.
for the town, £yi 6j. ig^/., and for the barton £$ i6s,; as appears by
the sum at foot of each section : —
[m. 4] *' Summa totalis tallagii assessi super homines ville de Glouc'
tam de catallis quam de redditibus suis — Ixxj. li. yj. s. x. d."
[m. 5] *• Summa tallagii hominum Bertone — Cxvj. s."
Relating to the same fine, or composition, there are these memoranda
on the first membrane: —
^ Istud tallagium tangens homines ville Glouc' cancellatur hie quia
iidem homines postmodum fecerunt finem coram W. de Langeton'
Coventr' et Lich' episcopo thesaurario Regis predicti anno xxxij" predicti
Regis pro tallagio suo sicut infra continetur."
[Then a little below]
" Glouc* ITHomines ville Gloud finem fecerunt coram W. de Langeton'
Coventr* et Lych' ep' o thes' R. anno xxxij. R. E. fil. H. pro tallagio
suo de eodem anno pro C. li."
The identity of these five membranes (which are united at the head)
is fully established by a note, that these five " rolls " (as they are called)
were received by the treasurer on behalf of the executors of Peter de
Leycesire [one of the collectors] on the sixth of October in the thirty-
second year (1304). Witness the words following:—
*' Hos quinque rotulos recepit Thesaurarius per manus Ric* de Noting-
ham ex parte executorum testamenti Petri de Leycestr* vj. die Octobris
anno r. R. E. xxxij."
* Tuesday in 1306 was the eleventh of October, not the twelfth.
^Exchequer. Lay Sudsidtes {Glouctstcr), 113/3.
^ The alternative of assessment by the poll {percapita)^ or in gross {in
communi\ has been mentioned before (p. 109) under " Tallage." It
is also laid down here, as seen in the Accompt cited below (p. 252) at
the sign 1^,
^Thus:— « Villa Gloud
« De Will'o de WhitfTelde ... liij . s. iiij. d."
252
LANCASHIRE LAV SUBSIDIES
Another tallage-roU ' (rather injured in parts), of one membrane onljlj
exists for the city o( Rochester with Great and Little Delse, Borsialle
and Strode, giving names of persons in these places assessed /fr capita.
This roll, from a memorandum on the dorse, was received on the same
day(60ct. 1304) by the treasurer, at the hands of Roger de Hoiham
baron of the exchequer.
■Both the foregoing returns [for Gloucester and Rochester) must have
been consulted for the tallage assessed in 6 Edw. 11., to judge from a
further memorandum on each in these words: —
[Glouc] " El summoniti fuetunt xx. die Junii anno r . R,E. fil, R.E, quinlo
sub tesiimonio W. de Norwyco lenentis locum thesaurarii."
\Exck. Lay Subs. 113/3]
[Kent.] " Et summonitus fuit xx. die Junii anno r. R.E. fil. R-E. quinto
sub testimonio W. de Norwyco tcnenlis locum thesaurarii."
lExch. Lay Subs. 123/7.]
The Receipts of Tallage in divers counties are set forth in an Accompt
which was formerly attached to the Pipe Roll of 35 Edvj. 1., but is now
found in a Roll (n" 3) of Foreign' Accounts of the Exchequer. A descrip-
tion of the tax, entitled "First' and Last Tallage of tlie time of king
Edward son of king /fenry assessed in the thirty-second year of his
reign," forms a heading in the words quoted below ; to which are added
a few particulars of the sums received from the city of York, Slc, in the
absence (as before remarked, p. 249) of anything specifically referring
to Lancashire.
Compotus de Tallagio diversorum [/« dorso]
Primum tallagium et ultimum de tempore Regis E. fiUi
Regis H. assessura anno regni ejusdem Regis E. xxxij. in
Civitatibus Burgis et dominicis Regis infra Com. Anglic per
diversos assignatos per Regem ad dictum tallagium in huj'iis-
modi Civitatibus Burgis et dominicis Regis separatim per
r capita vel in communi prout ad commodum Regis magis
viderint expedire assidendum et ad extractas tocius predict!
^Exchequer. Lay Subsidies {Keat), IZ3/7.
' The term " foreign " is used to denote such accounts as arc foreign
to, or lie beyond, the ordinary cognizance of the sheriff.
' This is true of the country generally, but tallage was certainly ordered
to be assessettin the first year of the reign (see p. 1 56), before Edward's
return from the Holy Land. Probably at that time it was laid upon
the king's demesnes only. There is evidence that the tenants of
certain manors were subject to tallage by their lords every year. Thus
it is recorded concerning the men of Hcdon in Holderness (Yorkshire) —
" quia guolibet anno talliaiilur" {lag. p. m. 9 Edw. L n" 5) i and again,
of a manor in Somerset — " Prefer fallagium eorundem quod ■valet per
annum xxi'j. j. ■viij. d." {Ing.p. m. t Edw. L n" i(
J
EDWARD THE FIRST
253
I
tallagii sub sigilHs suis liberandas certis personis per ipsos
Assessores eligendis ad tallagium illud levandum ct Regi inde
ad Scaccarium respondendum sicut continctur in Orig. anni
xxxij.
Civitas Ebor'
'lExck. L.T.R. Foreign Accounts, Roll n" 2.]
The city of York yields ^318 lis. ad.; Brustwyke, £iii 19J. lod,;
Esynton, ^53 as. grf,; Knaresburgh, ^17 14J. oirf. About 290 names
of persons (some being abbots and priors) assessed in the city of York
are entered in a list. Here also are set down the returns, ward by ward,
for the ciiy of London. Taking six of these at random, the a
received are shown in the following table : —
CiTV OF London Chattels Rents
Wards. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Bassingeshawe ... 1300 4 S o
Billingesgate 27 o 5 IS 7 3
ComhuU 7 17 9 ii 4 10
Cripelgaie 76 17 4 37 7 n
Famdone 103 13 5 39 9 g
Walebroke 79 iS o 18 1 9
The tax was laid (as here seen) ujjon chattels {calallis vel mobilibus),
and upon rents {reddilibus), but the proportion is not stated. Most
probably, however, it was a fifteenth of chattels, and a tenth of
rents ; as in the case of a Tallage' raised a few years (6 Edw. IL) after
in divers towns in the county of Gloucester.
TOTAI,
i- ^- d.
97 19
W^ixWtW ^ J!ru>enttrtt) of itlobeatiU <Boo&0
payable at three terms
3 Feb. 1306-7, 5 June and 3 Nov. 1307,
(«)
' I "he Parliament, which met at Westminster on the A' 34*
-*- thirtieth of May 1306, unanimously granted to the ^"'' '■
king an Aid for knighting his eldest son, namely; in counties
a Thirtieth part, in cities, boroughs and royal demesnes a 3° M»y
1306.
' Exchequer Q.R. Lay Subsidies. Clouctslerskire, w^l^. Here, under
'■ Bristoll " — " Taxacio Quintedecime bonorura et Decinte reddiluum in
quanerio Omnium Sanctorum."
' No documents are now to be found for Lancashire.
254 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Twentieth part, of all moveable gcxxls in possesaoi
any one on Michaelmas-day following (29 Sept. 1306.)
The king having ordained that Edward his eldest son (]ioiriilii|
twenty-second year') should be girt with the belt of knighthood nfcl
coming feast of Pentecost (22 May) in the year 1306, and being cniidii
in right of his crown to an Aid for this purpose^ he issued vriisU
summons, on the fifth of April immediately preceding, for a pufiami
to be holden at Westminster on the morrow of Holy Trinity foOoiiii
(30 May). To this parliament were summoned the prelates, cai^
barons and other magnates, together with two knights of the slmei
every county, and two citizens from every city, and two burgesKi(f|
one, according to its size) from every borough.
On the following day (6 April) the sheriffs were commanded to Ik |
public proclamation made throughout their bailiwicks, that all thoseibl
wished to be knights should come before Whitsunday (22 May) to reoMl
by the king's gift the necessaries for knighthood' out of the royal vai
robe, in order that they might be knighted on the same day as kii
eldest son.^
Consequent upon the assembly of parliament at the day fised, vk
after the king's right to an aid had been shown, there was unanimoodf
granted to Edward^ in counties, a Thirtieth of all moveable (tempanB
goods which should happen to be in the possession of any one <■
Michaelmas-day following (29 Sept. 1306), as a competent aid for
knighting his eldest son, and also towards defraying the manifold costs
and charges about to be incurred by him in repressing the rebellioo of
the traitor, Robert de Bruy^ {Bruce), and of his adherents in Scotland;
' He was born (as before stated, p. 206, note 2) at Carnarvon 00
the 25th of April 1284.
'Printed in Rymer's Fcedera ; and in Parliamentary IVrtts^ i. 164.
" See the reference below (p. 264) to a roll, setting out these
" necessaries " furnished out of the king's wardrobe, together with names
of some of the knights to whom they were given.
* " ... quod omnes Hit qui milites nan sunt et milites ejse voluerint
veniant usque London^ citra diem Pentecostes proximo futurufn ad
apparatus suos eis in hoc casu necessarios de garderoba twstra recipiendoi
de dono nostro ut anna militaria de nobis ibidem suscipere valeani dicU
die. Teste ut supra [i.e. Teste rege apud Wolveseye vj. die AprilisX
" Eodem modo mandatufn est singulis vicecomitibus Anglie^
{Parliamentary Writs^ i. 347.]
• The murder oijohn Comyn by Robert Bruce before the high altar in
the church of the Friars Minors at Dumfries was perpetrated on the
tenth of February 1305-6. Shortly after, Bruce^ who was earl of Carrick
and grandson of the old competitor, asserted his claim to the Scottish
crown which he received at Scone 27 March 1306. [Annals of Scotiand
by Sir David Dalryinple^ lord Hailcs (ed. 1797), i. 320; ii. i.]
EDWARD THE FIRST 255
p6^ nevertheless, that this grant should not in time to come tend in any
mse to the prejudice of those now consenting, or of their heirs or
iuccessors, and should not in a similar case be drawn into a precedent ;
&nd that, in taxing these goods, all those should be excepted which were
excepted in the Fifteenth, granted to the king (p. 178) on account of
the banishment of the /ews. On behalf of the citizens, burgesses and
tenants of royal demesnes, who were also present at the same time, a
Twentieth of their moveable goods in possession on the day before
named (29 Sept.) was by common assent granted to the king for the
purposes above stated.
A circumstantial account of this parliament with the names of many
prelates, earls, barons and others who attended in person, or appeared
by proctors and attorneys, is recorded in the Memoranda^ of both
Remembrancers. From the writs ^*de expensis" being dated* on the
same day as that for which it was summoned, it has been inferred that
this parliament sat for one day' only (30 May). It will be observed that
in the Accompt cited below (p. 259) it is stated, that the Thirtieth and
Twentieth were granted on the 22nd day of July in the 34th year
(xxtj\ die Julii anno xxxiiij^ conces^). As seen hereafter, the writs
appointing taxors are dated on that day. The agreement between the
date of a subsidy being granted, and that of the writ assigning persons
in the several counties for its levy and collection, has been before
pointed out (p. 199) ; but, in this instance, it is impossible to reconcile
the date, 22 July, with the day fixed (30 May) for the meeting of the
parliament, in which, as shown by the citations given (p. 254), it is
absolutely placed upon record that the grant in question was made.**
By writs,* dated at Beverley 22 July 1306, and directed to the knights,
free men and commonalties of counties, after reciting the grant made by
» Exch. Q. /?. 34 Edw, I. (n° 30) Ro. 40; Z. T, /?. 33 & 34 Edw. I.
(n** 34) Ro. 43. From the latter source Brady has printed a full
transcript in his Introduction to the Old English History^ Appendix,
page 29.
^ See the form printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 177. No original
writ, ordering the return of knights for Lancashire, has been found ;
and no writ for payment of their expenses is inrolled in Close Roll^
34 Edw, I. m. II. d., where those for other counties appear.
' ** As the writs for levying the wages and expences of the knights of
shires, bear date on May 30, the parliament seems to have sat but a day:
and this seems to have its onely business." [Carte (Tho.) — Centred
Hist, of England, ii. 297.]
* Take, moreover, the evidence afforded by Edward^s itinerary. He
was at Westminster from 20 May to 8 June, at Saint Albans from
12 to 19 June ; after which he went through the counties of Bedford,
Northampton and Lincoln to York, where he was on the 29th of July.
* Printed in Parliamentary Writs, i. 178 (48), from the Patent Roll, 22 July
34 Edward I, m. 12.
256 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Parliameni, ihe Wing assigned certain persons to assess and tax in
counties the Thirtieth, and in cities, boroughs and royal demesnes
the Twentieth, of all temporal moveable goods, subject to such
exceptions m were usual in the like grant of a subsidy. They were
commanded to levy and collect the money coming therefrom, so as to
have it ready for delivery, in equal portions, at specified terms, namely :
on the morrow of the Purification B.V.M. (3 Feb. 1306-7) ; in eight days
of Holy Trinity (5 June 1307); and on the morrow of All Souls then
nexl ensuing (3 Nov, 1307). These laxors and collectors (two, three, or
four in a county) were to be assisted by a clerk, whom they were to
elect, and 10 be responsible for when chosen. The persons so assigned
in Lancashire were Eusiiue (Eustachius) df Godeshecki^ parson (or
rector) of the church of Preslon, snAJakn Genlil. They, or one of them,
when both could not be present, were enjoined to proceed with the levy
and collection according to the form delivered to ihem ; and the knights,
free men and commonalty of this county were ordered to attend and
assist them, or one of them, and the clerk whom they had chosen,
whensoever required by them, or either of them, on the king's behalf.
The method to be adopted for the levy and collection of this tax
having been determined by the king's council on the morrow (26 July)
of S. JaiHis the Apostle' in the 34th year (1306), the form which here-
after follows (turned into an English abstract) was thereupon issued for
the guidance of the taxors and collectors.
Form' of assessing and The chief assessors of ei-ery county shall
levying the Thirtieth assemble before them from every hundred,
and Twentieth. and from every city, borough and royal
demesne, the most honourable men, from
whom they shall elect twelve in every hundred, and others in each city,
borough and king's demesne, who are most able to assess and tax the
goods of every one, wherever they may be — in the field, house, or else-
where—on Michaelmas-day in the 34th year fsgth Sept. 1306}, and since
the first day of August immediately preceding. All these so elected to
be sworn before the chief assessors upon the Holy Gospels. The twelve
'He seems to be identical with Eustace de Coiiesbeehe{Cotesbacke,
Codesbache), who was made Chamberlain of Scotland (10 Sept. 1307)
by Edw. II., and died before 13 Feb. 1308-9. [Bain (^^— Calendar of
Docuitunts relating to Scotland, iii. 74.]
'This fact is recorded in the Memoranda of both Remembrancers in
these words which immediately precede the [French) form ; — " Forma
taxandi et levandi tricesimam et vicesimam domino Rcgi concessas facta
per consilium Regis modo in crastino Sancti Jacobi etc. subsequitur
in hac forma." [g.;?. (30) 34 £rfw 1. R0.44; £.7".;?. (34) 33 & 34 f-flTa-. I.
Ro. 47]
'Printed in Parliamentary Writs,\. 179 {48). See also Exchequer
Memoranda at the references given in note 3.
EDWARD THE FIKST
357
shall take to them in every town four lawful men and the reeve, who
shall sweat to assist ihem to the best of their knowledge and power in
making the taxation to the king's use. Those who are ordained to be
sub-Caxors in cities, boroughs and demesnes, shall take to them from
these places such others as can best aid them. The twelve together
with the four men and the reeve shall go from town to town, and from
house to house in every town, within the hundred to which they are
assigned. Also the taxors in cities, boroughs, and the king's dejnesnes,
with those whom they have chosen, shall go from house to house and
view the goods of everyone. These they shall cause to be plainly set
down in a roll, and then assess and tax ihem. They shall make those
assessed swear and acknowledge all the goods in their possession at the
I .times abovesaid, and which are now parted with, by sale or otherwise.
I These last named, like others, shall be assessed and taxed at their tnie
value. The names of all those who have concealed anything shall be
made known to the chief taxors, that they may he reported to the
treasurer and barons of the exchequer, who shall do therein what the
king has ordained. Thechief assessors with their clerk, after receiving the
oath of the twelve in hundreds, and of the others in cities, boroughs and
I demesnes, shall go from hundred to hundred, and from town to town, in
I order to sec and inquire if the goods of atlare lawfully taxed to the king's
use. If they find any default, they shall redress it at their discretion in
the best manner they know, and show ta the treasurer and barons the
names of all those whom they shall find to have trespassed against their
oath. The taxation of goods belonging to the four men and the reeve
in towns shall be made by the twelve of every hundred, whose goods
and those of the sub-taxors in cities, boroughs and demesnes, shall be
taxed by the chief assessors, and by other good and lawfnl men whom
they shall elect, not being of affinity to those taxed by them. The
tanation of goods of the chief taxors and their clerk shall be reserved
to the treasurer and barons of the exchequer. As soon as the taxation
is made, the Thirtieth and Twentieth shall be levied in the form delivered
on the king's behalf. Taxation to be made as well of goods of prelates,
clerks, religious men and their people as of others, whose goods belong
to a lay fee. In so doing, there shall be excepted armour, riding- horses,
jewels and gowns {robes Fr.)for knights, gentle men and their -wives ;
also their vessels of gold, silver and brass.' These reservations are not
to take place in cities, boroughs, or other towns, as to the goods of
traders (marchands) ; but whatever they have is to be taxed without
excepting anything. The taxors shall cause two rolls, agreeing in all
points, to be made of such taxation. One tliey shall retain in order lo
levy the tax, and the other they shall hat'e at the exchequer for delivery
' This clause of exceptions (rendered also in Latin by the Accompt
below, p. 360) is identical with that ordained (p. 178, note i) for the
FifTEENTH, granted on account of the banishment of the Jews. Sec
also page 171, mite z.
258
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Warr'
Bedef
Salop'
SuflT
Cantebr*
Derb'
Wygorn'
to the treasurer and barons, on the morrow of Candlemas (3 Feb. 1 306-7),
on which day they shall make their first payment. And the king wills
that the taxors, after performing the things above said, shall have their
expenses from himself, as others in like case have had in times gone by.
Afterwards,* in Michaelmas-term of the same year (1306), it was
agreed by the treasurer, chancellor of England, barons of the exchequer,
and others of the king's council that, of those whose goods did not
amount to the value of ten shillings, nothing should be required or
levied, by reason of the Thirtieth and Twentieth. The taxors and
collectors were accordingly commanded by writs of the said Michaelmas-
term to observe this exception, and, if anything had been already levied,
to restore the money.
There yet remains among the Exchequer records* a receipt- roll (in a
clean and perfect state) of the Thirtieth and Twentieth, which commences
on the usual first day of Easter-term^ in the Court of Exchequer, x>.
nine days (or the Tuesday-week) after Easter, on Tuesday the fourth ot
April in 35 Edw. I. (or 1307). In the manner before used ^pp. 194, 249)
the first portion of the roll is transcribed : —
Recept* Tricesime et Vicesime in termino Pasche anno R. R. E. xxxv"
Die Martis iiij. die April'
D** Ph'o dc Gayton' et Thom' de Garshale coll'
XXX* et XX* in com. Warr' Clxxiij. li. j. mar.
D' Waltero de Molesworth' et sociis suis coll*
XXX* et XX* in com, Bedef Iviij. li.
D' Thom' de Roshale et sociis suis coll' xxx* et xx*
in com. Salop' ... ... ... ... CCl. li.
D' Alano de Goldingham et Rob'to de Reydon'
coll' XXX* et XX* in com. Suff' CCCC. iiij" li.
Summa. DCCCC. Ixj. li. j. mar.
Die Mercurii sequen'
D' Will'o de Sancto Georgio et Joh'e de Creke
coll' xxx* et XX* in com. Cantebr' xxx. li.
D' Henr de Brailesford' et Henr' de Knyveton*
coll' xxx* et XX* in com. Derb' xxiiij. li. iiij. s. j. d.
D' Will'o Fokerham et Simon' de Crombe coll'
xxx* et XX* in com. Wygorn Clxv. li.
.Summa. CC. xix. li. iiij. s. j. d.
Die Jovis sequen'
* Exch. L. T. R. Memoranda (n° 34), 33 & 34 Edw. I. Ro. 47 dorse.
' Exchequer. Treasury of Receipt. Miscellanea^ 44/3*
' Attention has been already (p. 193) called to this peculiarity which is
again exemplified here, for Easter-day fell in the year 1307 on the 26th
of March, and the Tuesday- week following was the fourth of April.
See also p. 249, note 2.
^ D' is a contraction for De^ meaning " of" or " from."
EDWARD THE FIRST 259
So much suffices to show the character of the roll ; and, as there is
nothing entered here for Lancashire, the remaining items arc passed
over, and a general statement is appended, giving the total receipt
within the limits of this accompt.
A,D, 1307. Summary of Receipts
From Tuesday 4 April to Monday the first of May £. s. d.
(both days included) 6,386 12 24
After the feast of Holy Trinity
From Wednesday 24 May to Saturday 8 July (both
days included) 8,399 15 7i
In medio tempore
Wed. 26 July.
From the citizens of London for having pardon of the
Twentieth ... ... ... ... ... ... 200 o o
;,ri4,986 7 10
Several items are here entered, as received from the citizens of
London, under the form — **De civibus London' pro habenda per-
donacione vicesime Regi concesse " — e,g, Friday 28 April, 500 marks
(or ;^333 6j. 8^.) ; Thursday 29 June, 500 marks (or £zZl ^- ^^') J
Monday 3 July, ;^34 9J. 4//. ; Saturday 8 July, two sums of ;£2o js. ^d,
and ;£666 13J. ^d. (or £667 os. Sd,) ; lastly (as above cited) Wednesday
26 July, j^2oo : the total amount of these sums being ;£ 1,588 35. 4//.
The Accounts, rendered by the collectors of the Thirtieth and
Twentieth were formerly attached to the Pipe Roll, 35 Edw, L but are
now placed with other Foreign Accounts in Roll n*' 2, from which the
entries subjoined are extracted : —
De Tricesima et Vicesima Regi concessis anno xxxiiij*®
COMPOTUS Rad'i Pagnel Rad'i de Littelbyry Henr' de Linc'
Baiocis et David de Fletewike taxatorum et collectorum
XXX"'® et XX* Com. Line' Regi xxij. die Julii anno xxxiiij^
concessarum per archiepiscopos episcopos abbates priores
comites barones milites liberos homines ac communitates
S 2
26o LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
comitatuum regni in auxilium ad Edwardum filium suum
primogenitum militem faciendum ac eciam in auxilium
misarum et onerum quamplurim' ipsi Regi incumbencium ad
rebellionem ct maliciam Roberti de Bruys proditoris ipsius
Regis et sibi in partibus Scocie adherencium qui adversus
ipsum Regem in partibus illis guerram movere presumpserunt
reprimendas de eisdem xxx* et xx* in Com. predicto videlicet
de XXX' omnium bonorum temporalium mobilium archiepi-
scoporum episcoporum abbatum priorum comitum baronum
militum liberorum hominum et de xx* bonorum mobilium
civium burgensium ac communitatum omnium civitatum
et burgorum ejusdem comitatus necnon tcnencium de
dominicis Regis exceptis armaturis equitaturis jocalibus robis
vasis aureis argenteis et eneis militum et aliorum liberorum
hominum et uxorum suarum que excipiuntur in forma
taxacionis dictarum xxx. et xx. juxta formam eisdem taxa-
toribus inde liberatam sicut continetur in Memor' de termino
Sancte Trinitatis anno supradicto et exceptis bonis illorum
quorum bona mobilia juxta veram taxacionem. eorundem ad
valorem decem soHdorum non attingunt de quibus Rex de
consilio suo graciose concessit quod nichil penitus exigatur
seu levetur ad opus Regis racione xxx® et xx^ predictarum et
exceptis similiter bonis mobilibus Prions ct fratrum hospitalis
Sancti Joh'is Jer'l'm in Anglia et Magistri et fratrum milicie
Tcmpli in Anglia et villanorum suorum quorum bona ad
dictas xxx*"' ct xx*"" non fuerunt taxata propter fines quos
dicti Prior et Magistcr pro sc et villanis suis indc cum Rege
fccerunt sicut continetur in Mcmor de anno xxxv. termino
Sancti Michaelis.
lidem reddunt compotum de M^ M^ MK C. viij. li. xvj. s.
ij. d. ob, q\ reccptis de triccsima tocius comitatus Line* pre-
dicto anno xxxiiij^** sicut continetur in Rotulo de particulis
quern libcravcrunt in thesauro Et dc CC. xxviij. li. xvj. s.
vij. den. q*^ de vicesima civitatis Line' et quorundam aliorum
dominicorum Regis ct villarum mcrcatoriarum ejusdem
comitatus de anno predicto sicut continetur ibidem.
Summa receptc — M\ MK MK CCC. xxxvij. li. xij. s. x. d.
In thesauro Ml DCC. Ix. li. xij. s. v. den. fU.
EPWARD THE FIRST
CoMPOTUS fratris Fulcheri prions Lane' RobertJ de Lanc
^ Berewike attornati ejusdem sicut continetur in Memorandis
de anno tercio pro eo Magistri Will'i de Lancastr' et Ranulphi l^"- "'i-l
Gentil executorum testamenti Johannis Gentil defunct! dudum
unius taxalorum et collectorum xxx" et xx' predictarum in
Com. Lane, pro se et Edmundo de Dakre Will'o dc Tathani
r et WiU'o de Godcsbeciie executoribus testamenti Eustachii
pde Godesbeche dudum alterius taxatorum et collectorum
[ tricesime et vicesime predictarum de eisdem xxx' et xx' per
I consimile breve Regis patens.
lidem reddunt compotum de CC. iiij" iiij, li. xx. d. ob. de
I XXX* bonorum mobilium tocius Com. Lane" predicto anno
f .xxxiiij'" preter tricesitnam bonorum Prioris et fratrum Sancti
I Joh'is Jer'l'm in Anglia et vilSanorum suorum et Magistri et
I fratrum milicie Templi in Anglia ac villanorum suorum quibus
r Rex concessit quietanciam per finem ut supra continetur in
I Hereford' et preter xxx*"' bonorum quorundam ejusdem
i comitatus quorum bona ad valenciam x. soHdorum non
* attingunt que excipiebantur in taxacione etc. sicut continetur
in Rotulo de particulis qucm dicti collcctores liberaverunt in
thesauro Et de xvij. li. xx. d. de xx' Burgorum de Lancastre
Wygan Preston' et Dahon' ac villarum.de Liverpole et Derbi
«d eandem vicesimam taxatorum sicut continetur ibidem.
Summa Recepte — CCCj. li. iij. s. iiij. d. ob.
Ejn thesauro Ciiij"'x. li. per Joh'em Gentil in iij. tall' Item in
cxxj. li. per executores testamenti ejusdem Joh'is Gentil
Et eisdem pro misis et expensis suis circa taxacionem et
»Ileccionem predictas xx. mar. Et debent Ixvj. li. xvj. s.
. d. ob. lidem reddunt compotum dc eodem debito.
Btn th'o vj. li. xvj. s. viij. d. ob. per executores testamenti Joh'is
Gentil. Et debcnl Ix. li. Et respondent in Rotulo quinto
Regis E, filii Regis hujus in Lane'.
[Exch. L.T.R. Foreign Accounts, Roll n" 2.]
A.D.
1290.
262 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Comparative Table of Receipts
County
I.
2.
County
Thirtieth
Twentieth
Total
North of Trent
£, s.
d.
£. s. d.
£' s, d.
Cumberland
394 16
^
35 I lot
429 i8 7
Lancaster
284 I
H
17 1 8
301 3 4i
Northumberland ...
536 16
7
185 4 7f
722 I 2f
Westmoreland
253 7
9
5 »o|
258 8 i\
York:W.R.»p»N.R.
• • •
• • •
• • • • • •
1,540 « Hi
E R» p« N.R.
• ■ •
• • •
• • • • ■ •
2,008 12 10
City
• • •
• ■ •
333 6 8
South of Trent
Bedford
663 3
6
37 15 3}
700 18 9i
Cornwall
205
9i
58 14 5
263 15 2i
Essex
960 18
92 12 2J
1,054 10 2i
Hertford
361 10
4
19 9 10
381 2
Kent
1,567 5
>i
228 14 8
1,795 19 9l
Lincoln
3,108 16
2}
228 16 7i
3,337 12 10
Middlesex ... • ...
278
I«i
19 8«
279 7i
Norfolk :
2,371 9
10^
535 '7 4f
2,907 7 3i
Suffolk
1,252 2
6i
60 7}
1,312 3 2i
Surrey
437 7
ok
38 11 9
475 18 9i
Sussex
756 13
6
63 5 5i
819 18 \\\
;S(utagc' of ttie satmg agamcit tt)e ^cote
in the 28th, 31st and 34th years
assessed each time at forty shillings the fee.
(*)
28 Edw. 1.
\A/ fits of military summons, dated at Berwick-upon-
Tweed 30 Dec. 1299, were issued, commanding a
general muster at Carlisle on the feast of the Nativity of
S. John Baptist following (24 June 1300).
{^Parliamentary IVritSy i. 327, 328]
' The Thirtieth and Twentieth are not separately stated. The Total
for Yorkshire is ;£3,882 Ss. sid.
■^ This sum was paid by tenants of the king's palace of Westminster
** Et de xix. s. viij. d. de vicesima quorundam tenencium de palatio Reg^is
Westm' ad dictani xx*"' taxatorum sicut continetur ibidem [i.e. in Rotulo
de particulis]."
* For the reason before stated (pp. 163, 165) no Scutage is returned
ior L.\NCASHIRK.
EDWARD THE FIRST 263
For this muster the names of all those having ^^40 (or more) yearly
in land and rent in Lancashire were returned by the sheriff, as seen else-
where (p. 227) ; and by writs tested (30 April 1300) at Stamford —
Staunford in the roll — Robert de Holonde and Matthew de Redman were
commanded to raise 2,000 foot in Lancashire, and to have them at
Carlisle at the latest on the third or fourth day after the said feast {i.e.
after 24 June).
[Parliamentary Writs^ i. 342(30)]
31 Edw. I.
\A/ritS of military suinmons, dated at Westminster A,D.
7 Nov. 1302, were issued, commanding a general ^^^'
muster at Berwick-upon-Tweed on the feast of Pentecost
then next ensuing {i,e, 26 May 31 Edw. I., or 1303).
[Parliamentary Writs, i. 366, 367]
William de Dacre, Henry de Kygheley and Robert de Hephale were
assigned to raise seven hundred foot in Lancashire, who were to be at
Lancaster on Sunday the fifth of May, ready to begin their march on
Monday (the sixth) under the leadership of William de Dacre to Rox-
burgh, where Edward intended to be on the twelfth of May. Robert
de Beaufoy clerk was appointed to pay wages for the six days.
[Parliamentary Writs, i. 370]
34 Edw. I.
\A/ritS of military summons, dated at Winchester A.D.
5 April 1306, were issued, commanding a general ^^^'
muster at Carlisle in fifteen days of the Nativity of S. John
Baptist following (8 July 1306).
{Parliamentary Writs, i. 374]
Under the previous section (p. 254) mention has been made of the
invitation given by the king to all those who wished to be knighted at
the same time as his son, that they should come before the date fixed
(22 May) and receive the necessaries for knighthood out of the royal
wardrobe. Nearly three hundred^ persons, having accepted this offer,
presented themselves for the ceremony on the appointed festival. At
the banquet given on the same day' (according to Trivet), while the
king sat at table surrounded by the newly made knights, a great number
of minstrels entered bearing highly ornamented clothing {multiplici
• See the note below (p. 264). Hemingford givts the number as two
hundred and ninety-seven.
2 " Eodem die cum stidisset in mensa " [Nic. Triveti Annates (ed.
Hog), 408].
264 LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
omatu amictum\ in order to induce these novices to vow themselves to
some deed of arms before the swan. Edward himself set the example
by making a vow in a manner so strange and remarkable that lord Hailes
feels constrained to observe in a note {Annals of Scotland^ ii. 4) : —
"The circumstances attending this vow, as related by M, Westm,
p. 454, are singular " ; and, quoting the passage which describes the
introduction of two swans covered with gilded nets, on sight of which
the king vowed to the God of heaven and to the swans, that he would
go into Scotland and take vengeance for the murder of Comyn,' he goes
on to remark, " This is a most extraordinary passage, for the interpreta-
tion of which I have consulted antiquaries, but all in vain." As
corroborating the fact mentioned by the historian, I find among various
pieces of cloth, &c. supplied to Geoffrey the king's tailor, an item of
one piece of green satin for covering two live swans on the day of
Pentecost : —
" Eidem^ ad cooperiendum ij. Cygnos vivos die Pente-
costes j. pec' Cindon[is]vir[idis]aff[orciati]"
The roll, from which this extract is taken, is unfortunately imperfect ;
but it shows the names of two hundred and forty-five ' persons who were
made knights at this festival. Among them are John de Haverington^
John de Warenne^ Edmund de Arundel^ Thomas de Greil/y^ John la
Ware, Thomas de Ferrers, and the notorious Piers de Gavastone (as
here spelt). To each name is appended the colour (red, gpreen or
yellow) and kind of cloth furnished from the royal wardrobe. The
king's tailor has also satin {cindor^) to make twelve banners for the
king with the arms of S. Edmund and S. Edward, and other banners
with the arms of S. George. There is no date (the heading being gone)
by which the roll can be identified, but the items referring to the prince
of Wales fix it absolutely as belonging to the 22nd of May 1306. For
instance : —
" Domino Edwardo Principi Wallie facto militi ad j. calcitram
suam lineandam.
" Eidem ad capam suam lyneandam."
\Excliequer, Q>R. Wardrobe^ ^^/SO-]
' " Tunc allati sunt in pompatica gloria duo cigni vel olores ante
regem, phalerati retibus aureis vel fistulis deauratis, desiderabile
spectaculum intuentibus. Quibus visis rex vovit votum Deo cceli et
cignis se velle proficisci in Scotiam," etc. \Flores Historiarum (ed. Luard),
iii. 132]
- i.e. Galfrido Cissori Regis.
3 Mattht^v of Westminster {Flores Hist. ed. Luard, iii. 131) gives the
number as 300 ; Trivet (ed. Hog, 408) says that it exceeded 240 ; and
Hemingford {^d. Hamilton, ii. 248) states it e«ictly as two hundred and
ninety-seven.
EDWARD THE FIRST 265
While this sheet is standing in type, I find what proves to be a
portion* of the just-mentioned roll by the character of the writing,
arrangement of the items, and size (in length and width) of the parch-
ment. Here, among those knighted with the prince of Wales^ is named
the' mayor of London^ {/okn le Blound). One entry shows the delivery
of four cloths of gold to cover the walls behind the king and prince, as
they sat at table' on the feast of Pentecost (p. 264).
The newly made knights accompanied the prince of Wales who set A.D,
out immediately for Scotland, whither three separate bodies of armed ^3o6«
men had already been dispatched under the leadership of Aymer de
Valence^ Robert de Clifford^ and Henry de Percy, Edward himself was
unable to follow except by easy stages. Indeed the infirmity in his legs
had quite lately prevented his riding on horseback from Winchester,
and compelled him to submit to being carried in a car.* An order
had been given (10 May) for a general muster at Carlisle on the
eighth of July* following, and Edward appointed the archbishop of
York and the bishop of Coventry and Lichfield guardians of England
during his absence.
The force assembled accordingly, and the campaign was carried on
vigorously in the autumn of that year (1306) by the prince who gained
signal successes over the Scots, many of their nobles and knights being
taken prisoners on these occasions and then executed. Bruce was
reduced to great straits, and had to conceal himself as best he could,
now with one, now with anothet, of his chief adherents ; ever moving
from place to place for fear of surprise or betrayal. Edward was mean-
while remaining inactive at Lanercost abbey, where he passed the
entire winter. At the beginning of the following year (1306-7) he gave
orders for the pursuit of Bruce and other Scots^ then hiding in the Isles
and other usually inaccessible places. Levies were in February com-
manded ' to be made for this purpose in the northern counties ; and a
month later (19 March) desiring greatly to capture Bruce and his
accomplices, represented to be lurking in the moors and marshes of
' One membrane rolled, now known as Miscellaneous Rolls {Chancery),
15/19, or Bundle 15, n» 19. See Second Report of the Deputy Keeper of
the Public Records, App. ii. 59.
* Mr. Loftie has this note {History of London, ii. App. A, 307) : —
" He appears to have been knighted this year [1306], and to be the first
mayor who attained this rank : but Stow gives it to several before him."
* " Domino Thome de Bykenore ad extendendum per parietes retro
dominos Regem et Principem dum sedebunt [jzV] ad prandium in festo
Pentecostes apud Westm' iiij. panni ad aurum in canabo."
* " currizando quia ob infirmitatem quam habuit in tibiis non potuit
equitare." \^Nic. Triveti Ann, (ed. Hog) 408]
* Parliamentary Writs, i. 377 (22) ; from Close Roll, 34 Edw. I. ;;/. 16.
* See Parliamentary Writs, i, 379 (3).
366 LANCASHIRE LAV SUBSIDIES
Scotland, Ed-ward directed ' Robirt de Lalhum, Nicholas de L/ybume,
Witliam Cenlil, Ai.m le Noreys. with>Aw de Kirkeby clerk, to raise a
thousand fool in Lancashire ; of which number one hundred and fifty
were to be of Henry de Lac/i (earl of Lincoln) liberty of Blakebum-
shire, and the rest (Tom the body of the county. They were to be led (o
Carlisle so as to be there without fail on Saturdaj' fortnight after Easier
(or 15 April 1307), well armed and ready in all points to march against
the king's enemies. In Hkc manner other commanders were assigned to
make levies m Cumberland. Westmoreland and elsewhere, the total
force being two thousand five hundred.
Still intent upon the fulfilment of his vow, (he king ordered (3 JuneJ
yet more footmen to assemble at Carlisle in three weeks from Mid-
summer day.' He fell ill and was troubled with dysentery'; and, as he
was not seen, or spoken to, but by his chamber attendants, a rumour
got abroad that he was dead. This fact coming to his knowledge, and
being impatient of delay. Edward resolved to anticipate the arrival of
the new levies, and commanded every preparation to be made for going
into Scotland at once, tie moved his camp from Carlisle about two
miles on the third of July which was Monday. On Tuesday he rode
on horseback with pain and difiiculty about other two miles, and rested
on Wednesday. On Thursday he came to Burgh upon the Sands, and
intended to remain there on the morrow. His daily custom was to lie in
bed until nine o'clock, and on Friday, when he was being raised by his
attendants to eat, he fell back and expired in their amis. The king
passed away from this world on the seventh of July, the day of the
Translation of S. Thomas archbishop and martyr. The fact of his
death was concealed' until the arrival of his son with other great
persons, and many who announced the king's decease were imprisoned
for spreading false news. Edward had Just completed his sixty-eighth
year, for he was bom on the 17th (Paris), or the 18th (Ann. Mon.), of
June 1239 ; as mentioned on a previous page (28). It is seen by writs
yet extant that he was able, notwithstanding bis grievous state of
weakness, to attend to the routine of his kingly office up to the very
eve of his death. Three writs of iHi-m clitiail extremuiti* directed to
iViiller de Glouctsler eschealor beyond Trent, bear the test
' Parliameafary Writs, i. 3S0 (4) ; from Pat. R. 3; Ed-w. I. in. 23.^^^
'Patent Roll, 3; Edw. I. m. 11; printed in Parliamentary IVn^M
i. 380 (s). ^
' These details of the king's last sickness and death are taken from
Memingford {eA. Hamilton), ii. 366.
' Inquisitions taken in distant parts of the country are found which
named the king as yet reigning several days after his decease.
' The persons named were: — t. Bogo de Kni/i'ilte {!nq. 35 Edw. I,
n" 41) ; 2. Guy de Brian Klnq. 35 Edw. \. n" 31) ; 3. Margery, daughter
and heir of Roger de Claverynge (Inq. 34 Ediv. I. 1
A
EDWARD THE FIRST 267
on the sixth of July at Burgh upon the Sands. Other writs tested at the
same place and on the same day appear in the Close Roll (;;/. 2) for
Katherine who was wife of John Byset^ and for the executors of the
testament of Isabel de Fortibus countess of Albemarle^ ; and a third,
commanding the before-named escheator beyond Trent that he was to
cause all heirs under age who were wards of the king, to have reasonable
sustenance, according to their degrees in life {racionabilem sustentacionem
suam juxta eorum status exigenciam\ out of the issues of his bailiwick,
for which due allowance should be made in his accompt at the
Exchequer.'
The actual record of Edward*^ death, as entered in the Chancery
rolls, has been printed before,' but it may be fitly repeated here, as
follows : —
Memorandum quod die Veneris videlicet septimo die J ulii
anno D'ni M^ CCC. septimo jubente Ipso Cujus famulantur
imperio mors et vita indite recordacionis dominus Edwardus
Rex Anglie apud Burgum super Sabulones extra Karliolum
in eundo versus partes Scocie zelo devocionis et fidei accen-
sus ad vindicandum despectum et sacrilegam contumeliam
Deo et sancte ecclesie inhuman iter factos per Robcrtum de
Brus qui dominum Johannem Comyn de Scocia in ecclesia
fratrum minorum de Dumfrcs' sediciose interfecerat necnon
et ad ejusdem Roberti rebellionem et pertinaciam in manu
potenti salubriter reprimendam pro eo quod contra homagii et
fidelitatis sue sacramentum se in Regem Scocie prodicionaliter
fecerat coronari et anno regni sui tricesimo quinto ab hac
luce feliciter migravit cujus anima in celestibus collocetur
magistro Rad'o de Baudoke episcopo Lond' cancellario sue
cum magno sigillo ipsius regis London' tunc temporis
existente qui quidem cancellarius brevia de cursu cum eodem
sigillo per consilium dominorum Ottonis de Grandissono
R. le Brabazon et aliorum de consilio ejusdem regis necnon
et per consilium dominorum Will'i de Blyburgh' cancellarii
et Walteri Renaud custodis garderobe domini Edwardi filii
et heredis ipsius domini regis usque ad diem sancti Jacobi
apostoli sequentem proximo consignavit eo quod prefatus
* For her lands mentioned in great detail see Exch, Q.R. Memoranda,
35 Edw. I. m. 51.
* Close Roll (129), 35 Edw. I. m. i.
^ See Rymer's Faedera^ i. 1018, where it is printed from the Patent Roll
of this year (35 Edw. \.\fn. 1.
268
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
episcopus de morte ejusdem regis ante diem ilium certituc
inem non habebat et die Sabati proximo sequente sere idei
cancellarius regis a dicto domino Edwardo filio tunc apu
Karliolum existente ubi domini Antonius de Beke episcopi
Dunolm' et patriarcha Jerosolimatanus H. de Lacy come
Linc[olnie] et alii comites et barones regni secum existente
homagia et fidelitates suas eidem tanquam regi fecerai
per litteras ipsius domini Edwardi sub privato sigillo su
signatas recepit in mandatis ut sigillum dicti patris sui sil
deferret vel illud sibi sub salva et secura custodia sub sigill
suo mitteret quod postmodum per dominum Hug' de Burg
clericum de cancellaria et dominos Ric'm de Lughtebui^!
et Joh'em de Munden' clericos ipsius episcopi die Martis i
crastino sancti Petri ad vincula sub sigillo ipsius episco]
et sigillo dicti domini Wiiri de Blyburgh' usque Karliolui
missum fuit.
[Fine Roll {ios)y 3S Edw. I. fn.
General Index
* The italic letter n after the page signifies noU ; thus 20« = page 20 note.
••c*-
of
m
Aaron of York ; 76, 113
Aaron son of Abraham ; Jew of London,
"3
Abbotsley (Adbodesle), co. Hunting-
don ; (canicage) 138
Aberconway (or Conway), 168
Abingdon, abbot and conveat, 60, 145
Abingdon (Abbedone), 145
Abyndon, Ric. de, 215, 216
ab Poel, Trilor ; (scutage allowed in
Lancashire) 117
Abraham son of Abraham ; Jew
Berkhampstead, 114
Acombury forest and nunnery, 130
Acre, Ranulf de; assessor of 15th
Lancashire, 158
Acre, de. See Dacre
Additamenta (M. Paris) ; 67, 70^, 8911
Adam, sheriffs clerk (in Kent), 159
A^ondesham, Walter de, 166, 220
Aid due to the king, as of right, 126
Aid (13th) for the recovery of Nor-
mandy, &c. ; 36
Aid for the Holy Land ; (in 1222) 24,
25; (in 1270) 71, 91, lOi
Aid taken in reign of Hen. HL, 127 ;
to marry his sister Isabel to the
German emperor, 61 » ; to knight
his eldest son, 87; to marry his
eldest daughter, 76, 8o«
Aid to marry king's (Edzv. I.) eldest
daughter, 126,239*248; to knight
his eldest son, 253-262
Aid in 20 {not 30, as misprinted)
Edward IIL for knighting king's
eldest son; 126, 247 ;<
Aid pur /aire Jitz chivcdcr (Henry lord
Berkeley), 127
Aid, Sheriffs {Auxiltum vicecomitis)^
145;/, 146. 147
Aighlon (Aghton) ; (part of fee) 246
Alatrio, John de, 19
Albans, Saint, 64, 65, 68», 231, 25511
Albemarle, Isabel countess of, 267
Albemarle, William {de Fortibus) earl
of, 26
Aldingham ; (part of fee) 245
Alexander king of Scotland, 77, 80, 127
Alexander parcarius ; (carucage) 1 35
Alfey, William ; (assessed to 30th) 52
Alfonso king of Castile ; 27, 28
AlianoiC widow of William Mareschal
the younger earl of Pembroke ; 2«
Alicia filia Galfridi ; Christiana her dau.
and heir, 37
Almain, Henry of, 88, 97, 102, 105
Alnetham ; (half fee) 246
Alnetham, Simon de, 246
Alta ripa, Thomas de, 245
AUancotes, Peter de, 246
Altham. See Alnetham
Alton ; {Henry there) 23
AlyweU ( Halliwell, Salford) ; (part of
fee) 243
Amberley (Ambcrleg'), Richard de ;
collector in co. Worcester, 95,
(Aumberle) 96
Amesbury {Henry there), 23
Amounderness Wapentake, 39, (Thir-
tieth) 50; 190, 196, 234, (knights'
fees) 244
Anathema ; Sentence pronounced by
Henry^ III. in Westminster hall
(13 May 1253), 86
Anderton, William de, 243
Andrea, S. (at Vercelli), 2», 7»
Andover, prior of, 6 1
Anglia Judaica (Tovey's), 176/1
Anglica Scripta (Camden) cited ; i67«
Anjou, Henry III. count of ; 46
Annates Moftastici (quoted), 2«, 25^,
28/*, 33«, 35/1. 36/1, 55«, 64/1,
75«, 76«. 78, 78«, 79«, 9i»,
129, 157/2, i62», \*j\n
2^o
LAXCASHIkE LAV SUBSIDIES
Anjkals (cited ^Btnnoo4*«y, 35« ;
Burton, 3511, 87 ; DuDsUiplt, 35*,
55» 7S«. 7^. 79*. "29, I33i» ;
5fai^, 35«; OM:fier« 171 ;
T<:i»]t<*bury, 2n, 33, 35«, 76« ;
Wavcrky, 2n. 25, 35«, J^, 6411,
79«, 129; Wiiichtstw, 35, 76»r,
129; Wxot^lcr. 33, 35«, 79«;
Tho. Wyk<r*. 91, 9l«, 92, 96,
i<34f >57^« i62xr.
Annali of S<otLand fHaile«), 254^, 264
Appletyy (keceipt of Seventh fr<mi the
U^</ugT), 189
AppkUm <Ape]U/a), 241
Ac|uitaine, duke of ; {I/enry) 46 ; (-fi/-
vmrd) 207
Arblaster {Halt star iui)^ Geoffrey , 12,
3H/r, 4<>, 41. .SV^ Baliktarius
Arcla (<fr Harcla;, Michael de ; (sberifT
and collector of 1 5th in Wcrtmorc-
12m6) 1 59, <^nAmed to astess tallage
in 1304) 249
Arleik cathedral ; a very ancient Litany
^Christl's vincii) prc»enred there,
Arthur, prince ; eldest son of ff^en.
VII., hij( chapel and tomb in
Worcester cathedral, i«, 2«
Article* of /oAn*i Magna Charta
^cL 32), 3
Artictdi super Cartas (Statute), 229
Aruntlel, Edmund de (knighted with
the prince of Wales in 1306),
264
Ashridge, 175
Aspull (AKphuII), 243
A**c«Mk>r». See Taxors and Collectors
\%%vtjtt lii Arms 12//, 13/f, 68, 69, (in
Lancashire) ^Qn
A*%\/a: of the I'orcst ; penalties (or
irifra<;tion, 225, 225^
Aiiite A'o/iif yarJouSf ri" 77, pa^e 143,
note 5, altered U) Assize Roll^ n"
f 171 ; and the same page, note i,
Ai\ne Roll^ Vork, &c. is now made
Assizd h'oll^ n" 1050.
Aftle, Thomas, 56
Athcrdowrir (Salford) ; (assessed to
301 h) 50
Aubcfjcy, Kaljih <ic, 103; 20th from
liin hurulrnd in S<HnerKct, 104
Audcunrdc, CjiU's de ; receiver of the
20th, 96, 98, 100, 103 ; his ac-
cornpt of 15th. 159
Au({UHtin, Snint ; C)r<lcr ^^{^ 59
AugUHtin, Siutil, (antrrhiiry; ablxjt and
convent, 94, 95;/, 97
Austin ('amms (at Norton), 59/1
Auihoritie4 ; their accuracy questioned,
67 ; the fatuous trust reposed in
them, 149
I
AuxUium Victctmitis (ShoxflTs Aid)*
I4S«
AvigxKMi (king of Fianoe died at), 72
Axcmoe, William de : acoompl for
tallage awcwed oo the Jews, 1 13,
114
Aymer, bp. of Wlndsesler ; 78
B
Bachesworth, Roger de ; o^lector in
Middlesex, loi
Badlesmere, Gancelin de ; his accompC,
151 ; justiciar of C^ieshiie aod
collector of the 15th, 158, 1581*,
159; his accompt for Scntag^ of
Wales levied in Cheshire, 162
Baildon, W. Paley ; 144^1
Bain, J. ; Calcndttr of Docununts &c.
cited, 25611
Baines' (Edw.) History of Lancashire
(ed. Harland) quoted, I'^in
Baiocis, Henry de ; collector in Lin-
colnshire, 259
Balistarius, Geo&ey ; collector in
Lancashire, of 15th, 12; of 40th,
40, 41 ; of 30th, 49 ; 3811 ; ap-
pointed for tallage, no
Baldindon ; (carocage) 139
Baldrxrk. See Baudoke
Balliol, Eustace de, 97
Balliol, John ; surrender of kingdom
of Scotland in 1 292, 149
Banastre, Robert ; (;^40 in land) 29,
37«, 244
Banastre, Thurstan; (paid scatage) 126
Banastre, Warin; (tallage) 124
Banastre. See Westereis
Bannock burn (battle), 127
Banquelle, John de ; collector in the
city of London, 183
Barbeflete, pr^vot de, 38/1
Barentine, Drue de, 75
Barkham (Berkeham) ; (carucage) 135
Barkly, Sir Henry ; 142^
Barre, Robert; collector in Bucks, 185
Barton, Ralph parson of, 49;*
Barton ; (a fee and halO 242
Barundnus Walteri ; accompt of 15th,
159
Basoch', W^illiam de ; (scutage) 124
Basset, Gilbert, 47, 143
Basset, William, 12. loiS, io8«
Bassingeshawe ward ; (tallage) 253
Bath, Jocelyn last bishop of ; (witness
to the Great Charter) 12 ; 14 ; re-
ceiver of 15th; 16,17, 18; wit-
ness, 47
Bath, Roger bishop of ; and first bishop
of Bath and Wells, i7«
Bath, bishop of; i6«, 78, 103, 105/f,
240
GENERAL INDEX
271
Bath and Wells, bishop ; (Roger) ijn ;
(William) 78; i74;(W.deMarchia)
200
Bathf see of; (15th, receipt) 16, i6n
Bathon', Hugh de ; (carucage) 137
Battle (Sussex) ; (Henry there) 20
Baudoke (Baldock), Ralph de ; bishop
of London, and chancellor, 267.
He sealed writs up to 25 July, not
knowing with certainty the fact
of EdwarcTs decease, although it
took place 7 July, 1307.
Bayeux {naioca). Set Baiocis
Bayonne, 75 ; the mayor, 75
Beauchamp, Isabel de (deceased), 18
Beauchamp {Bcllo campo)., Walter de,
Beauchamp, William de, 136 ; earl of
Warwick, 161, 200 ; his death,
222
Beaufoy, Robert de, 263
Beaumont (Beumund), in co. Essex ;
(assessed to 30th) 52
Bedeford, William de ; in Lancashire,
Bedford, 37, 105, 114, I74«, 175
Bedford castle (siege), 128/1
Bedfordshire; 18; (30th) 51, 52; (20th,
receipt) 104 ; (scuiage allowed)
116; carucage, i^on\ 155; 184;
(no royal forest) 232 ; 255^ ; (30th
& 20tn, receipt) 258, 362. See
Beds and Bucks.
Beds, sheriff; 62M, 136, 14511
Beds and Bucks; (iSth, receipt), 15,
16 ; (Scutage of Poitou) 121 ;
(escheator) I55«
Beke, Antony de ; bishop of Durham,
200; and patriarch of Jerusalem,
268
Beke {or de Beke), Thomas ; 151
Belet, Michael, loiS, io8;i
Bellew {Bella aqua) John de; 165, 245
Bello campo (Beauchamp), Walter de ;
30
Benedictine Order, 59, 89
Benevolences (two) from tenants of
lord Berkeley, 127
Bentley (Benetleghe), Great, co. Essex ;
(assessed to 30th) 52
Bere, William ; (assessed to 30th) 52
Berewich manor, Wilts, (15th) 53
Berewich, Richard de, 53
Berewike, Robert de; (accompt of 30th
& 20th for Lancashire) 261
Berkeley, barons of ; aids had by them,
127
Berkeley castle, 127
Berkeley lawsuit (The great), of 192
years' duration, arranged with lord
Lisle, 127
Berkeleys^ Lives of the ; (quoted) 127
Berkeley, Maurice de ; collector in co.
Glouc, 95 ; governor of Berwick,
127
Berkeley (Berkle) Thomas de, 199, 200
Berkeley, Thomas lord, and Thomas
his son ; prisoners at Bannock-
burn ; their ransom raised from
the lord's tenants, 127
Berkestede (Berkhampstead) 114
Berkhampstead, I74»
Berkshire; 20; (15th, receipt) 15, 16,
159; (20th, receipt) 104; (scutage
allowed) 116, 118; I33», 136,
138« ; (carucage) 140, 141, 14s ;
I42», 184, 189, 234; (aid to marry
king's daughter) 248
Berkshire, sheriff; 24, 118, 145, 146
Berkweye, Elias de ; collector in cos.
Essex and Hertford, 103
Bermondsey ; {Henry there) 8 ; 82
Bermondsey ; Annals quoted, 35»
Bernardi, Henr' filius (of Boclaund);
68»
Bernardi, Radulfus filius ; sheriffs ac-
compt for Lancashire, 108
Bemevalle, Reginald He; 17
Berthelet, Thomas (printer); 223 223/1,
224
Berwick-upon-Tweed ; 127, 149, 221,
229//, 241, 262, 263
Bethum, Thomas de ; (part of fee) 244
Beton or Betoign {Betonia\ William
de ; (collector in city of London)
183; (alderman of London) 251
Betun*, Advoca' e of ; 126
Beverley ; writs dated there, 255
Beufow, Rich, de ; coll' in co. Lmcoln,
and chirographer of Jewry, \^^n
Beysin, Walter ; coll*" in co. Salop, 185
Bigod (Bygod), Roger le ; earl of Nor-
folk and marshal of England ; 59,
I98», 200, 203, 2i8m, 219, 220,
22011, 221
Bicchieri, Guala ; (cardinal legate) 2»
79, 80, 8o«. See also Guala
Biham, scutage of; 124, 125
Billingsgate ward ; (tallage) 253
Bird, S. R ; Ii6«
Birstad' Brinning; 126
Biry (Bury), Adam de ; 70W
Bisseg'. See Bushey
Blackburn ; (part of fee) 246
Blackburn Wapentake ; Aid to marry
king's daughter, 245 ; (Blackburn-
shire), 196, 266
Blackburnshire ; (assessed to 30th) 50
Black Order(Benedictine); 59; (Statutes
in 1249) 89
272
LANX'ASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Blackstone, Sir William ; The Great
Charter^ &c. quoted, 2«, 3«, 4«,
loif, ii;i, 21, 87/1, 88, 88», 89,
9e«, 210, 217, 222, 224, 235/1,
236 ; Commentaries y I44»
Blandford ; {Henry there) 23
Blaye (near Bordeaux) ; 72, 73
Blechingle, Adam de ; 103
Bliburch (Blyburgh), William de ; 206,
267, 268
Blound, John le ; mayor of London ;
(knighted with the prince of Wales
in 1306) 26;
Blount, Thomas (of Inner Temple) ;
128//, 130;^
Blundel, John ; coll' in Lancashire of
Aid to marry king's daughter, 241
Blundell, Nicholas; coll' in Lanca-
shire; (of nth & 7th) 188, 190,
191; (of 1 5th) 236, 238
Blundell, William ; coll' in Lancashire ;
(of 15th) 12 ; (of 40th) 40, 41 ; (of
30th) 49»
Bobv (co. Lincoln) ; 126
Boclaunde, Adam de; treasurer of
Clerkenwell Hospital ; (accompt
of 20th) 100
Boclaunde ; Henr' fil' Bernard! de ; 68^
Bodleian Library ; 46M, 80/1
Bohun, Humfrey de ; earl of Hereford
and Essex, constable of England ;
47 ; scutage allowed in Lanca-
shire, 117 ; 198/f, 200, 203, 218/X,
219, 220, 22o;f, 221, 222, 240
Bohun, Humfrey de (the son) ; 221
Bolton (Boulton) ; (part of fee) 243
Bolton (Boulton), Robert of Little ;
(his heirs) 243
Boulton, Roger de ; 207
Bonatre, Benedict ; coll' in Lancashire
of 20th, 10 1
Bond, J. J. ; 193 ; his Handy Booky
&c., 193'/, 250«
Boneit, Benedict ; coll' in Lancashire
of 20th, loi
Boniface, archbishop of Canterbury ;
78, 82, 85
Boniface VHL (pope) ; 192;/
Bonr' {or Baruncinus) VValteri ; ac-
compt of 15th, 159
Bordeaux ; 62/;, 72, 74, 75
Bordeaux, archbishop of; 84, 88
Borstalle (Kent) ; (tallage) 252
Boaco, Emma de ; (assessed to 30lh)
52
Bosco, John de ; co'imiissiorer for 6th
in COS. Nottingham, Derby, &c. 184
Botelere. Bt)tiler, &c. See Butler
Boulogne; 67
Box, ilanion ; coll' in city of I^ndon,
Box, Walter ; colK in city of London,
lOI
Bowes ; {Edward i\itit) 151
Bozoun, Robert; coll' in co. Derby, 194
Rrabazon, R. le ; 267
Brackley (Northampton); (^wry there)
19, 20 ; (weekly market on Sunday
changed to Wednesday) 2o»
Bradenham, Bucks ; (canicage) 136
Bradeshaghe, William de ; (pnut of fee)
242
Bradiield (Bradefeud), Essex ; (assessed
to 30th), 51
Brady's Complete History of England
cited ; 12«, 2211, 63, 71, 76, 15511,
167, I77«, I92« 201 «, 203«
Brady's Introduction to the Old Eng-
lish History cited ; I9«, 29, 54*,
89//, 171/1, 255«
Braibroc, Henry de ; 12 lit
Brailesford ( Braylesford), Henry de ;
(coll' in CO, Derby) 194, 238, 24111,
258
Brampton (Bran ton), Brian de ; (going
to the Holy Land) 102
Brasci, William de ; coll' in co. Wor-
cester, 95
Bray (Berkshire) ; (canicage) 135
Bray, Henry de ; 103
Bray, John de; coll' in co. Nottingham,
18s
Bray, Rad' de ; receipt for canicage in
CO. Cambridge, 140
Breaut^, Fauke de ; 138, I38», 145
Brechull, William de ; chamberlain of
the exchequer, 235
Breightmet (Brithmete) ; (part of fee)
243
Breouse, William de ; 200
Bret, Richard le; coll' in co. Hereford,
I79» 185
Bretagne. .SV^" Britany
Breton, John le ; coll' in co. Norfolk;
his accompt of aid, 247
Brian, Guy de ; 266//
liryan, Richard ; 96
Briavell, Samt ; (town) 81 ; (castle) 98
Brining ; (part of fee) 244
Bristol; (council there) 2, 3, 4; {Henry
there) 28, 30; 61 ; (town and cas-
tle) 9S; (tallage of Jews) 114, 114//,
(301!)) 169; 174//, 175; (tallage)
250 ; (15th cV loth) 253//
Bristol, John of; (the king's glazier)
175, 176//
Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeo-
logical Society ; 127//
Britany ; 67, 75
Britany, duke (count) of; 31, 31W
Britany, John de ; earl of Richmond ;
152
GENERAL INDEX.
273
British Museum ; ^n, 56, 210, 210H
Briwer, William ; 22
Briwere, Wm. de ; 34
Brocche, Gilbert de la ; (carucage) 135
Bromley (Brumleghe) Little, Essex ;
(assessed to 30th) 52
Brougntun (Brocton); (tallage) 107,
no, 124
Broughton (BurgtoD), Salford ; (assessed
to 30th) 50
Broughton, Ralph de ; commissioner
for 6th in cos« Oxford, Berks, &c. ,
184
Brown (or Brun), William ; 134
Bruce (Bruys, Brus)
Bruce, Robert ; 254, (murders John
Comyn) 254^/, 260, 265, 267
Brus, Peter de ; 165
Brudemere (Wilts) ; (iSth) 53
Bruges ; 20i«
Brun, Hugh ; (carucage) 135
Brun (or Brown), William ; 134
Brufetwyke ; (tallage) 253
Buchan ; (John Comyn) earl of. See
Comyn
Bucks, county ; (15th, receipt) 15, 16;
(20th, receipt) 92, 100, 104 ; 116 ;
(Scutage of Poitou) 121 ; (carucage)
13811, I40« ; 155, I55« ; (6th) 184 ;
( loth, receipt) 185 ; (perambulation
of forests) 234
Bucks (sheriff) ; 27, 62n, 145^
Bucks and Beds ; (scutage of Poitou)
121 ; (carucage) 136; (escheator)
I55« ; (sheriff) 136, I4$n
Burgh, Norfolk ; {afmd Burgum) 150
Burgh, Hubert de; 2« ; (justiciar) 34;
(earl of Kent, witness) 47 ; 145
Burgh {Burgo), Hugh de ; (clerk of
Chancery) 268
Burgh {Burgo)^ William de ; (part of
fee) 245
Burgh upon the Sands ; {Edwani died
there) 266, 267
Burgos in Spain ; (Edward knighted
there) 2%n
Burneir (by error for Furnell'), Henry
de; 143
Bumel, Robert ; 102, 156, 157
Burnhul, Peter de ; {£1$ in land) 29
Burnill or Bumull, Alan de ; {£^0 in
land) 228 bis
Burscough, prior of ; 190
Burstwick (Brustwyke) Yorkshire ; tal-
lage, receipt, 253
Burlon ; (tallage) 107, 109
Burton upon Trent ; (abbot) 34W
Burton ; Annals quoted, 35W, 87
Bury. Se^ Biry
Bury (Salford) ; (assessed to 30th) 50 ;
(knight's fee), 242
Bury, Adam de ; coll' in Lancashire of
30th, 49 ; (Biry), yon
Bury, Henry de ; (knight's fee) 242
Bury St. Edmunds ; {Henry there)
57 » (register) I77« ; (parliament
there) 192. See Edmund, Saint
Bushey (Bisseg*, misprinted Billeg'),
CO. Hertford ; (carucage) 137
Bussei, Matild' de ; (paid scutage) 121
Butler (Pincerna)t William ; coll*" in
Lancashire of 15th, 12; (paid
scutage) 125, 126
Botelere (Botiler), Edmund le ; (£^0
in land) 228 bis ; (parts of fees)
244
Botiler, Henry le ; knight of the shire
(Lane.) 207
Butiler, Theobald le ; 28
Butiler, William le ; (;f 20 in land) 28
Butiller (Botiler), William le ; (of
Warrington) 164, {£^0 in land)
228 bis ; (two fees) 242 ; (parts of
fees) 244
Bygod. See Bigod
Bykenore, Thomas de ; 265
Byroun, John ; coll' in Lancashire of
15th, 177 ; (his accompt), 179
Bjrroune (Byron') John de ; (^40 in
land) 227, 228
Byset, Katherine, widow of John ; 267
Byset, John ; (witness) 47 ; 267
Bytham. See Biham
Cadwaleset* ; (under tallage) 124
Caen (Kain) prevot de ; 38«
Caen stone ; (used in Westminster
abbey) 90«
Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium no-
ticed ; 56
Cambridge county ; 7« ; (15th, receipt)
15, 16; (20th, rec*) 104; 116, 117;
(carucage, rec*) 140 ; (escheator)
155. I55«;(6th)i83; (I2th&8th.
receipt) 194 ; 232 ; (30th & 20ih,
receipt) 258 ; (sheriff) 62«, 145^
Cambridge town ; (tallage of Jews)
114; 1 74/1, 175; {Carpus Christi
college) 224 ; (tallage paid) 250
Camden's Anglica Scripta cited ; 167/1
Camoys, Ditton ; 51
Camoys (Cameys), Ralph de ; 1 17
Camville (Caunville), Geoffrey de ;
(distrained for scutage) 118
Canterbury, archbishop ; 22, 24, 46,
68«, 86, 167, 208, 233; (Boniface)
78, 82, 85 ; (Edmund) 47 ; (Robert
de Kilwardeby) 157 ; (Robert de
Winchelsea) 200, 218, 220, 226 ;
(Stephen) 2«, (witness to Great
Charter) 12, 25, 35
T
274
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Canterbury ; (archdeacon) i6o ; (pro-
vince) 167, (loth) 217, 220 ;
(see) 58
Canterbury city ; [Henry there) 8, 20,
31, 32, 85/1; (>, Augustin)94, 95/1,
97 ; (20th, receipt) 105; (tallage of
Jews) 114; I74«, 175; {Edward
there) 20i«, 233^
Cantiloup, George de (deceased) ; 103
Cantiloup, William de ; 47, 66, 67, 77,
146
Carbonel, Geoffrey ; (paid scutage) 126
Carlaverock (siege) ; 23 1
Carleton (Cherleton), Lane. ; (tallage)
109
Carleton, Michael de; 124
Carlisle castle, 49 ; city, 216, 223, 227,
231, 233, 262, 265, 266, 267, 268;
priory, 158
Carlisle, bishop; (Ralph de Irton) 151 ;
(Walter, a witness) 47 ; 77, 105^,
231/2, 240
Carlisle see ; 16, 151
Carlisle; (parliament there) 223; (muster
there) 227, 231, 233, 262, 263,
265, 266
Carmarthen ; 161, 164
Carnarvon ; {Edward^ afterwards prince
of Wales, born there) 2o6«, 254^
Carpentarius, Rob.; (carucage) 135
Carrick, earl of (Bruce); 254W I
Carte, Thomas ; Gcntrai History of I
£'«^ /am/ quoted ; 26, 28/1, 55, 56, '
58//, 70,71, 106, 162;/, 25S« '
Carthorp (Carctorp), Yorkshire ; 142 ■
Cartmcl (Kertmel); 37, 109
Cartulariurn Mon, de Ranuseia cited ; '
2W
Caruca defined by Seebohm, 129 ; ca-
rtfa sjcut juncfa fuit^ 132, 133
Cariua terras 142 ; caru':ata temi^
130, 142; carucata hoiun^ 1 43 ^
Carucate as a me.isure ; 130
Carucage, 128; assessed in 1220, 132; '
in bailiwick of Windsor, 134 ; in 1
Bucks and Beds, 136; in Herts, j
137; in other counties, 139, 140;
in CO. Huntingdon (1224), 138; '
with hidage, &C. 144, 145, 146 I
Castello novo, Fulco de ; 57
Castile, Eleanor of; (married ioEdivatd
s>oi\o{ Hetiry)2%
Castile, Ferdinand HI. king of ; 27, 28
Caterhale, John de ; 246
Caterhale, William son of Simon of;
207
Caversham ; {Henry there) 8, 9 ; (Wil-
liam Mareschal earl of Pembroke
died there) 80
Caunci, Joseph de ; 157
CauDville, GeofTrey de ; (distrained for
scutage) 1 18
Caurte, merchants of ; 160
Cauz, Geoffrey de; (constable of Bristol)
30
Cerne (Dorset) ; {Henry there) 23
Cestretune (Chesterton, in co. Cam-
bridge) ; the church granted to the
canons of S. Andrea, Vercelli, 7«
Chaceporc, Peter ; 61, 72
Chadderton, Geoffrey de ; (in Chadder-
ton) 242 ; (in Witton) 246
Chadderton ; (part of fee) 242
Chalmers' Biograpkkal Dictionary
quoted; 57«
Charles I. ; {>etition of right, and ruling
of judges in Hampden's case, 224
Charminster (Dorset) ; {Henry there)
23
Chamock (Chernoke) ; (part of fee) 244
Charrun, Matthew ; 102
Charta, Magna (of John); i, 3, 4, 86
Charter of Con6rmation granted by
Henry I 46; by Edward^ 235>»,
236
Charter of Liberties and Charter of the
Forest granted by Henry (in 1217),
4, 6 ; the two charters re-granted,
9 Henry III., 10; confirmed by
Statute, 25 Edw. L, 207, 209 ; and,
after many other confirmations,
finally established, 29 Edivard I.,
236
Charter of Liberties, printed in Statutes
of the Realnty examined and shown
not to be genuine ; 78
Charters of the Forest quashed ; 31
Charters of religious houses, &c. com-
pulsorily renewed ; 36-39
Charter^ The Great (by Sir Wm.
Blackstone). See Blackstone
Chastillun, Hugo de; (respite of knight-
hood) 27
Chatham ; {Edward Xk^txt:") 20ln
Chedehengre (Berks) ; (carucage) 135
Cherleton ; (tallage) 109
Chertsey (Certeseye); (writ dated there)
5 ; {Henry there) 8
Cheshire reckoned with Wales, icff ;
scutage of Wales levied, 162
Chester, abbot ; (weekly market at
Weston) 34; (called to accompt
for 15th) I58« ; (30th, receipt)
169
Chester, bishop of (i.e. Lichfield and
Coventry) ; 85
Chester, bishop ; (Dr. Stubbs) 67
Chester city ; 160, 161, 168 ; (30th,
receipt) 169
Chester county ; I5«, 59i 97, 151, t6i,
162, 162;/, 164
GENERAL INDEX
275
Chester ; John earl of Lincoln and con-
stable of ; (witness) 47
Chester, constable of ; (pardon of scut-
age) 122
Chester, Simon dean of; 59, 60
Chester, earl of; 34, 70«, 248 ; (Ran-
ulO 122, I23«, I24«, 125 ; Ed-
ward prince of Wales in 1301, 248
Chester and Huntingdon ; John earl
of; (witness) 47
Chester, Jordan of ; (i^h) 12
Chester, justiciar of ; J[ohn] Lestrange
{Exlraneus)^ 60 ; Guncelin de
Badlesmere, 151, 158, 158/1, 159,
162 ; Reginald de Grey, 164, 206 ;
Richard de Mascy, 232
Chester see ; 16, 58
Chesterton. See Cestretune
Cheveley (Chavele) Hundred ; (assess-
ment of 30th) 51
Chichester, bishop ; Richard (bishop-
elect) 34 ; (chancellor) 47, 84 ;
(his death) 85/1
Chichester city ; {Henry there) 92, 93
Chichester see; (15th, receipt) 16;
(void ) 85
Childwall (Childewelle) ; (one fee) 242
Chiltre Hundreds ; (carucage) 139
Chinon (in France) ; {John there) 43
Chippenham ; (writ dated there) 57 ;
(forest) 81
ChishuU, John de ; (accompt for tal-
lage assessed on the Jews) 113
Chorlton ; (assessment of 30th ) 50
Christiana, fil. &her. Alic. fil. Galfridi ;
Ctvi0ttt0 bmcit (ancient Litany) ; sung
before Henry at Oxford, 19 ; and
elsewhere, 21 ; before John at
Woodstock, 2i«
Chronicles and Memorials cited ; 2«
Chronology of History z\K^. ^^^ Nicolas
Cigoin' [Cyconiot'o) or Cygoigny, Enge-
lard de ; (carucage) 134, 135
Cigoin', Matthew de ; (carucage) 135
Cinque Ports; 67, 73, 74; (20th,
receipt) 105 ; 172 ; 204^1
Cistercian monks ; (acquitted of 30th)
41 ; 59 ; 133- 134
Clare ; (tallage of Jews) 114
Clare, Gilbert de (earl of Gloucester &
Hertford) ; 102, 103 ; (captain in
West Wales) 164 ; 240
Clare, William de ; (grant to him) 81
Clarendon ; {John there) 35 ; (Henry
there) 45, 92, 93«, 109»
Claveringe, Margery de ; dau. and heir
of Roger ; 266«
Claveringe, Rc^er de ; 266«
Clayton (Leyland) ; (part of fee) 244
Clayton, Robert de ; 244
Clayton (Salford) ; (assessed to 30th)
Clement IV., pope; (his bull) 94^;
(his letter to the legate) 99
Clerical subsidy ; 152, 167, 168, i84»,
193, 217, 233. Sec also Tenth
Clerkenwell Hospital ; (treasurer) 100
Clewer (Clywar'), Berks ; (carucage)
'35
Clifford, Roger de; 102, 163
Clifford, Robert de; 216, 265
Clifford, W. de ; (witness) 47
Clifton, William de ; (;f40 in land)
227, 228
Clifton, William de ; {£20 in land) 28 ;
assessor of tallage in Lancashire,
84
Clifton ; (tallage) 109
Cliseby, Hasculphus de ; 152
Clyderhau (Clyderhou), Hueh de ;
colK in Lancashire of 9tn, 213 ;
(his accompt) 215, 216
Codesbache (Cotesbache, Godesbeche)
Eustace de ; colK in Lancashire
(of 30th and 20th) 256, 256/f, 261.
See Godesbeche
Cog Edward, of Winchelsea ; in which
Edward embarked for Flanders ;
204n
Coke, Sir Edward (or lord) ; upon
Tallage, 1 14 ; his Institutes quoted,
115, ii5«, 130, 172/f; I49i 155.
17211, 222, 236
Coke, lord; 149, 155. 5>^ the last
Cokersand, abbot of; 36 ; (quit of
nth) 190; (parts of knights'
fees) 243, 244
Colchester ; (20th, receipt) 105 ; (tal-
lage of Jews) 114, ii4«; I74«,
175 ; (Seventh levied) 189// ; (tax-
ation in 1 301) 239/1
Colecote ; 142^
Colemen, Simon ; (carucage) 135
Cole mere, John de ; 57 bis
Commons, House of; 4, 56
Comparative Table of Receipts. Set
Receipts
Comparative Table of Townships men-
tioned, 44 ; but not yet printed
Compton (Cumpton), Berks; (carucage)
Comyn, John (earl of Buchan) ; his
murder by Bruce, 254^, 264, 267
Concilia Magnet Britannia (Wilkins)
quoted ; 93«, 95«
Concordancy of Yeares &c. cited ; 194,
I94«
Confirmaiio Cartarum (Statute) ; 207,
212, 217
Constable, lord high ; 198^, 199, 200,
218, 218//, 220ff, 221
T 2
276
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Constitution^ Rise and Proj^ess of the
English; (quoted) 4, 4«
Constitutional History of England
(Stubbs) cited, 192^
Conway (Aberconway) ; 168
Cookham (Chocham), Berks ; (cam-
cage) 135
Copeland (Coplaunde), Richard de ;
38«
Coupland, Alan de ; (;^20 in land) 29
Corbet, William ; (assize of arms in
Worcestershire) 69 w
Corn bury (Acornbury) forest and nun-
nery ; 130
Comhill ward, London ; (tallage) 253
Comubia (Cornwall), John de ; coll*"
in Lancashire (of ioth& 6th) 182 ;
(his accompt) 186, 187 ; (Joan his
wife) 187
Comubia, Laurence de ; 187
Cornwall county; (15th, receipt) 16;
(20th, receipt) 104 ; (scutage
allowed) 116; 143//, 164, 166;
(15th, receipt) 180; (6th) 183;
(8th & 5th) 198; 232; (aid to
marry the king's daughter) 248;
(30th & 20th) 262
Cornwall (sheriff) ; 47, 62« ; (Thomas
de la Hide) 198
Cornwall, Richard earl of; 27, 33/1,
47 J 65, 77, 77/1; (scutage allowed)
116
Corpus Christi College (Camb.) ; 224
Corsingtone manor (Hereford) ; 152
Cotesbache. See Codesbache
Cotti, John ; chirograplier of Jewry,
Lincoln, and coll'" of 15th, 175/1
Cotton^ Bartholomew de ; quoted, 202
Cotton charter quoted, 207^, 208;;,
209;/, 210
Cotton AfSS. quoted ; 22, 26, 28, 20,
35» 4-6, 56, 57, 68;/, 90/7, gm, 98,
22871
Coventry, bishop of; (15th) 14
Coventf)', prior of ; 36
Coventry, Walter of ; 2«, 2i«, 25, 128//
Coventry and Lichfield, bishop; (Alex-
ander) 47; 85; (W, de Langeton
bp. elect & treasurer) 192 ; (trea-
surer) 237 ; (W. de Langeton) 251 ;
one of the guardians of England
during Edivard\ absence in Scot-
land, 265
Coverham, abbot of; 217
Coumbe, \Vm. de ; coll' in co. West-
moreland, 189
Councils. St'.e IloHy
Councils, or Parliaments, mentioned;
at Bristol, 2, 3, 4, 5 ; Bury St.
Edmund's, 192 ; Carlisle, 223 ;
Devizes, 164 ; Lambeth, 30, 39 ;
Lincoln, 225, 231, 233 ; London,
I, 6, 7, 14, 2i«, 22, 44, 45, 54,
88, 89, 197, 198, 199, 206, 207»,
209, 214, 217, 218, 240 ; North-
ampton, 166, 167 ; Oxford, 31,
33. 36; Westminster, 9, 10, 12,
21, 22, 24; 27, 44, 48, 71, 76, 82,
84, 91, 148, 157, 161, 171, 181,
182, 188, 226, 229, 240, 247, 253,
254, 259 ; Windsor, 78 ; York,
166, 167, 221
Coupmanwra, Thomas de ; 1 58M
Cowel, Dr. ; \^^n
Craneford, Walter; escheator cos. Beds
& Bucks ; 15511
Craweir (Oxford); (carncas^) 139
Craystoke, Henry de ; paymaster of
Lancashire foot, 233
Creasy, Sir Edw. S. ; his Rise and
Progress of tht English Constitu-
tion quoted, 4, \n
Creke, John de ; coll' in co. Cambridge,
258
Creppinge, Robt. de ; 154
Cripplegate ward, London; (tallage)253
Crokedayke, Adam de; (to assess
tallage in Lancashire) 249
Crombe, Simon de ; coll' in co. Wor-
cester, 258
Cromwell (Oliver) ; the Jews re-
established in England under him,
176*1
Crosby (Crossebi) ; 109/?
Crosseby township ; (tallage) 124
Crosby, Great ; (tallage) 107
I Croston (Leyland); (knight's fee) 243
j Croxton, abbot of; (quit of 9th) 215
j Crumpsall (Gurmesale), Salford ; (as-
' sessment of 30th) 50
I Cryoille, Bertram de (of Kent) ; 74
Culchit, Roger de ; 37, 37«
Cumberland county ; 40, 48, 48^ ; ( 1 5ih,
receipt) 15, 16, 160, 180, 238, 239 ;
(tallage) 84 ; (20th, receipt) 104 ;
(coll" of 15th) 158; 166; (30th)
168; (6th) 182, 183; (ioth& 6th,
receipt) 184//, 187; (iith & 7th,
receipt) 191 ; (12th & 8th» receipt)
19s. 197; 215, 216; (perambula-
tion) 234; (forest rolls) 235; (aid
to marry king's dau.) 248 ; (tallage)
249 ; (30th & 20th, receipt) 262 ;
(forces 10 be levied) 266
Cumberland, sheriff; 10
Cumin, David ; 117
Cuntyfe, Amatus de ; 103
I Cusin. Gilbert ; (scutage) 1 24
GENERAL INDEX
277
Cussingtone, Kent ; 54
Custom granted to Edward in 1275 ;
157
Cygoigny. See Cigoin*
Cyprus, king of ; 82
D
Dacre. See Acre
Dakre, Kdmund de ; 261
Dacre, Ranulf de ; assessor of 15th in
Lancashire, 158; (hisaccompt) 170
Dacre, William de ; (^^40 in land)
227, 228 ; 245, 263
Dalrymple, Sir David (lord Hailes) ;
254^, 264
Dalston (Cumberland) ; 23 1»
Dalton ; (loth) 187 ; (20th) 261
Danby Paynel ; 147
Danby Tateshale ; 147
Darley (Derley), co. Derby ; 153
Daubeney. See Aubeney
Daubeney, Ralph de ; 20th from his
hundred in Somerset, 104
David son of Llewelyn, prince of North
Wales; 57; I )rother of Llewelyn,
i63«, 166, 168, 169
Dautrey. See Alta ripa
de Burgh, Hubert ; 2«, 34, 47, 145
de Burgh. See Burgh
de Gray, Walter ; archbishop of York,
80
Dean (Dene), forest of; 81, 98
de la Ei ide, Thomas ; sheriff of Cornwall ;
(8th & Sih) 198
de la Lee^ John ; sheriff of Essex ;
(tallage) 251
de la Mare, John ; his heirs ; (knight's
fee) 243
Delse, Great and Little (Kent) ; tallage,
252
Deodands ; 144, 144^
Derby, county ; 12 ; (iSth, receipt) 16 ;
84 ; (20th, receipt) 104 ; 116, 118 ;
(carucage) I40« ; 153, 164; (6th)
184; (I2th & 8th, receipt) 194,
195 » 199* 231^, (perambulations
and 15th) 234; (15th, accompt)
238 ; 24i« ; (30th & 20th, receipt)
258
Derby, county; (sheriff) 34, 1 16, I18
Dereby, Roger de ; (30th in Lancashire)
49
Derby, West ; township ; (tallage) 107,
109, 124; (20th, receipt) 261
Derby, West (or Derbyshire) ; wapen-
take or hundred ; (30ih, receipt)
50 ; ^on ; (in Domesday) 131 ; 234 ;
(estreats of knights* fees) 241
Derewentwaire, Thomas de ; coH' in
Westmoreland, 189
Demeford, William de ; coll' in co.
Gloucester, 95
Despenser, Hugh le ; 200
Deuyas (Deuias), John ; (parts of
knight's fee) 242, 243
Devizes ; (15th) 14 ; 61; (council there)
164 ; 174/1, 175
Devon county; (15th, receipt) 16;
(20th, collection and receipt) 103,
104 ; (Devenescira) 106 ; (tallage)
110 ; (carucage) 140/1 ; 164 ; (6th.
183 ; (8th & 5ih) 198 ; (aid to
marry the king's daughter, receipt )
248
Didworth (Dydewrze) Berks; (carucage)
135
Dieppe (Diopa), prev6t de ; 38^
Dieulacres, abbot of; (quit of nth)
190 ; (fifth) 217
Dioecesis Exon.^ Monasticon (Oliver)
quoted ; 145^
Disclaimer of writing history in this
volume, except in so far as it
concerns taxation ; 67
Distraint for knighthood ; 26, 27, 28,
29, 30 ; 62
Ditton Camoys ; (assessed to 30th) 51
Ditton Valoynes; (assessed to 30th) 51
Divelyn, Robert ; usher of the ex-
chequer, 204
Domesday- book ; 65«, 129, 131
Domesday, Lincolnshire ; Mr. Eyton
on *carucate' ; 131
Domesday, A Key to (Eyton) ; I3i»
Doncaster ; {Henry there) 80
Donypas (Dunipace) ; [Edward ^tit)
237
Dorset, county; (15th, receipt) 16;
35 ; (20th, receipt) 104 ; (scutage
allowed) 116; (carucage) 14OM ;
164 ; (6th) 183 ; (perambulations)
234 ; {John there) 35
Dorset (sheriff) ; 62»
Dorsete, Alexander de ; assessor of
tallage in Lancashire, 106, 107
Dover (Dovor) ; {Henry there) 8, 20 ;
(reeve) 38^ ; 74, 102, 157, 205
Dovercourt, £lssex ; (assessed to 30th)
Downham (Donum) ; (part of fee) 246
Donum, Henry de ; 246
Drakelawe ; yj, 122
Draparius, Joh' ; (carucage) 135
Drengage ; 108 ; drenges, 131
Dreux, Peter de ; duke of Britany, &c. ;
3i»
Dublin, elect of ; W. de Hothum, 200
Dublin ; Red Book of the Exchequer
there, 5
Du Cange ; Glossarium quoted ; I9«,
89^
278
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Dugdale's Baronage quoted ; 9on
Dugdale's ^(cma^/xV^/t quoted ; 211, 22 iff
Dumfries ; murder of Comyn there,
2S4«, 267
Dunfermline ; (Edw, there) 249, 249/1
Dunipace ; {Edward i\i&xt) 237
Dunstaple, or Dunstable ; Annals
cited ; 35/*, 55, 7S«, 78, 79«» 129,
I33«
Dunstaple ; (prior) 36 ; (monastery)
129
Dunstaple, Hugh de ; 170
Durham, Richard bishop of ; and chan-
cellor ; 7, 10
Durham, bishop of; (Richard, witness) -
47 ; 77 ; (Antony de Beke) 200,
268; 240.
Durham cathedral ; 4//
E
Easington (Esington), Yorkshire;
(tallage) 253
Easter-term ; commencement in the
Court of Exchequer ; 193
Easton ; {John there) 36
Ebor'. See Yorkshire
Edmund archbishop of Canterbury ;
(witness) 47
Edmunds, Bury Saint ; parliament held
there, 192
Edmund, Saint ; (abbey) 59 ; (abbot
and convent) 94, 97
Edmund, son of Hen. III. ; 97, 99,
102 ; (grant of the Honour of
Lancaster) 163 ; 165, 179, 190,
iQlw, 204«, 234, 240. See I^n-
caster, earl of
Edward the Confessor ; zn ; 28;/ ; (his
relics removed) 90 ; (work about
his shrine) 90// ; 131
Edward son of Henry IIL (Edward
the First) ; born in 1239 at West-
minster, and name<l after Edward
the Confessor, 28// ; aid granted
in 1253 for knighting him, 87 ;
knighted at Burgos in 1254, and
married Eleanor of Castile, 28,
28// ; after the battle of Lewes
(1264) a prisoner in the hands
of Simon de Montfort, 88 ; his
release, 89 ; substituted in the
Crusade of 1270 for his father,
98 ; settled his lands prior to his
departure, 97, 98 ; money de-
livered to him, 102, 105 ; in the
Holy Land when his father died,
bill his peace publicly proclaimed,
148 ; fealty sworn to him in
Westminster abbey after liis
lather's burial, and proclaimed 1
king, 155 ; his rei^n began 20
Nov. 1272, 148 ; a common erroi
as to his regnal years corrected,
14^155; b^ debts, 156; hi]
return delayed till 2nd Aug.
1274, when he landed at Dover,
and shortly after was crowned al
Westminster (19 Aug.), 157 ; hia
first parliament held, in which
custom was granted, 1 57 ; a Fif-
teenth granted in 1275 towards
his debts, &c. 157 ; required
Llewelyn to do homage, 160;
held a Council which resolved
upon going in arms against
Llewelyn, 161 ; ex{>e<lition with
scutage thereupon had, 162 ; an-
other expedition against Llewelyn,
164 ; and a second scutage had,
165 ; a Thirtieth granted, 166 ;
accompt of receipts and ex{>enses
of the Welsh expedition, 169 ; a
PMfteenth granted in 1290 in con-
sideration of the perpetual banish-
ment of the Jews from England,
171 ; a Tenth granted in 1294 in
aid of the war with France, 1 80 ;
and subsequently a Sixth in towns,
&c. 182 ; Eleventh and Seventh
granted in 1295, 188 ; Twelfth
and Eighth granted in 1296, 192 ;
Eighth and Fifth granted in 1297,
but afterwards revoked, 198 ;
treaty with Guy count of Flanders,
198 ; military tenants to be at
London, 198 ; opposition by the
earl constable, earl marshal and
others, 199 ; letter to Guy count
of Flanders, and expedition to
Flanders thereafter, 201 ; fealty
done to his son Edward who was
made regent during his father's
absence, 200 ; his statement of
the case between himself and the
earls, 201 ; rebellious behaviour
of the earl constable, earl marshal
and their followers, 203 ; embarks
at W^inchelsea 22 Aug. 1297, 204 ;
his sailing delayed, 205 ; the
regent in parliament confirms the
two charters, 207 ; charter of
confirmation, known as Cem-
firrnafio Cartarum, ratified by
Edward at Ghent, 210; a Ninth
granted (1297) thereupon, 212 ;
Articles of the Charter of the
Forest (granted by Hen. III.) sent
in 1299 to the sheriff of Lan-
cashire, 226 ; parliament held,
and writs issued (1299) for per-
ambulations of forests, 227 ; the
sheriff of Lancashire commanded
GENERAL INDEX
279
to return the names of those having
;f 40 a year in land and rent, 227 ;
names returned accordingly, 227,
228 ; Statute, called Arliculi super
CartaSy passed in parliament
(I3(X)), 229; Inspeximut and
Confirmation of the two Charters,
230 ; expedition to Scotland and
siege of Carlaverock, 231 ; writs
issued for parliament at Lincoln
to consider the returns made of
perambulations of forests, 231,
232 ; perambulations confirmed
(1301), and a Fifteenth granted,
233» 234 ; forest-rolls for Lan-
cashire, 235 ; the two Charters
finally confirmed, 236 ; form of
taxing the Ninth sent to Edward
in Scotland, and returned as
amended and corrected for use
in levjdng the 15th granted at
Lincoln, 237 ; aid to marry the
king's eldest daughter, granted in
1290, 240; but not levied till
1302, 241 ; knights' fees in the
several Wapentakes of Lancashire,
241-247 ; respite of this aid
granted to certain persons, 248 ;
commissions issued at Dunferm-
line in Feb. 1303-4 for assessment
of tallage, 249 ; receipts in various
cities and boroughs, 250, 251,
252, 253 ; the prince of Wales to
be knighted at Pentecost (22 May)
1306, 254 ; necessaries for knight-
hood to be supplied to all who
wished to be knighted at the same
time, 254 ; knights then made
(22 May 1306), 264; parliament
summoned for 30 May, and aid
granted, otherwise called a
Thirtieth and Twentieth, 253,
254 ; taxors for Lancashire, 256 ;
terms of payment and form of
assessing and levying 30th and
20lh, 256 ; scutage of the army
against the Scots in 28ih year
0300), 262; in 31st year (1303),
263; in 34th year (1306), 263;
king vows in presence of two
swans to avenge the murder of
Comyn, 264 ; the expedition to
Scotland, 265 ; king's infirmity
at Winchester, 265 ; his inaction
at Lanercost during the winter,
265 ; further writs for musters
against the Scots in the spring of
1307, 265 ; Edward*^ illness fol-
lowed by rumours of his death,
266 ; he strikes his camp at Car-
lisle and moves forward to Burgh
upon the Sands, where he dies,
266 ; the event concealed for some
days, 266 ; the king's decease
recorded in the Chancery rolls,
267.
Ekiward son of king Edward, made
prince of Wales in 1 301 ; born
m 1284 ^t Carnarvon, 2o6n ; in
1297 declared regent, and fealty
sworn to him at the king's palace
of Westminster, 200 ; compelled
to stay for safety in city of
London, 218; makes overtures to
the earls constable and marshal
for reconciliation, 218 ; these
come to London in great force,
218 ; a parliament summoned,
206; knights returned for Lan-
cashire, 207 ; charter passed,
confirming the two Charters
granted in 9 Hen. IIL, 207, 209 ;
the same, known as Confirmatio
Cartaruniy ratified at Ghent by
the king, 211, 218; a Ninth
granted, 197, 212 ; went into
Scotland, 248 ; prince of Wales
knighted 22 May 1306, 254, 264 ;
aid granted for this purpose and
• for the campaign against Robert
Bruce, 253, 254 ; notice of a roll
containing names of persons
knighted at the same time, who
had necessaries for knighthood
supplied from the king's ward-
robe, 264 ; the prince's campaii^n
in Scotland, 265 ; away from
Carlisle when his father died, 267 ;
some days after came thither, and
received the homage of the earls
and barons, 268
Edward IL ; Sir John Maynard's Year-
book cited, 204M
Eighth and Fifth, granted in 1297
(25 Edw, I.), but afterwards re-
voked ; 198 ; taxors in Lanca-
shire, 199 ; opposition to the levy
by the earl constable, earl marshal
and others, 203 ; Eighth still
intended in Sept. 1297, 207
Eighth. See Twelfth and Eighth
Eiward*, Hugo fil* ; 39
Eleanor of Castile ; married to Edward
son oi Hen. IIL, 28
Eleventh and Seventh, granted in
1295 <24 Edw, L); 188; taxors
in Lancashire, and form of taxa>
tion, 188; accompt for West-
moreland, 189 ; and for Lanca-
shire, 190 ; Comparative Table of
Receipts in Lancashire and some
other counties, 191
LANCASHIRE LAV SUBSIUIKS
Blfrn, Sainl; ijt
Kllininn, Vttiif {tfmrre for Ellinlon) ;
(Ailun & (icoffrty for canlctige)
I4t. Salhe n<r>l
Ellvntun'. Bciki (now Maidenhead) ;
(cBroamet IJJ
iiietleiie), Eeei ; (u«ue<l
Elthani ; {Eihoard thcrel H)l
Ely, biihopof; (Hugh, wilneis) 47;
(zoth, recdpl) 101, 105U i 100,
Kly, tiUhoj)- elect ; Kuberi, Jn -, Wm.
(le Luili, 140
Gmpemr Kieiltriirk ; money (or hit
mirriikee, 45M ; letien 10 him
ftotn fimry ; 7^, 73
Eneland ; 41, 43, gS, i$7 ; (sheriffs)
5, 9, ^l, 34, i%. 49, 61, 61, 64,
^)ti 77. 115: (barons) 67, 77n,
80i {eci'-lcunliol revenui-i.) 9411
Englvficli] (Kniilefrud). Flintshire ; 332
Bifliih Cimililutioit. Stt Creuy
S^iih Jfitlencal Rtvitw ; 144K
SiglM ytllagtCtmmunify{^<x'ixitaa)
quoted ; 139
RrmeMge in IJddeidale; 7711 •
EncuBge, 01 acuiof^e : 1 15
KutCKi (IJth, r«ceipl) 15, t6, 180,
139 i (301b, receipt) 51; [40th.
receipl) 41 ; (lolh, icccipt) loo,
ID3, 104 ; (jtculogc olJowed) 116
1 & 7(h, i«cei)><) igi 1 (i2tb
it 8ih, receipt) igj, 197: (9lh,
receipt) ai6i an ; (pcrmnWn-
lioos) 334 ; (aid In marry the
king'i dauehtcr) 148 \ (30th &
3oth, receipt) 363
EiKK. eurl ti(; GenlTrey lilt Piers ; 42
ExKx j John (le la Lee, »^heri<f ;
(Ullage) J51
Kuei, iherifT; conceniing the Jews,
"7J
Essex and Hereford, earl of (Humfrcy
de BohuD). Ste Bobun
Etsex and Herlfoid, sheiilf ; (dislrsint
for knighthood) 63M ; tt6, 117
Est, Gilbert t (asseieed to 30th) 53
Eslon' {Uxon') : (carucage) 139
Eurivclyn. Stt Stirling.
&itunni, William ; (Ecuiage) I3j
Elewell', Gerard At; occompt for
sherifl ol Lancashire, 37
Eton, Berks ; (canic^el 141
Everingham, Adun de : (scuiage) 1 19
Everinghim, Adam ion of Robeil de ;
(scuUge) 119
Emincham. Robert de ; (icutage>
117, 119
ETenon (Evremne in Damtsda/i, eo.
HnnliDgdon ; Icarocaee) l^
EvcMon, Luicosbiie ; (tallage) 107
EvrvicSeirc, i.e. Vorkrfiire ; 142
Euilon (Enkestone) ; (part of fee) ft
Ewell; (Zfoi^lherelS
Eichequer, buom ; 87
Eichequet-cbamber, 74
Exchequer CoufI, eotdmencemeat of
Eostei-lerm, 193
Exchequer, Dublin ; Rtd Book cited, ;
Exchequer ; the two cark {conilable
and roatjhfll) with others go to
Weslminstet, and prulest agalut _
the levy of the Eighth and the.J
prise of wools, 203 1
Exchequer, Hiitary if Iki. Sir MadOE 4
Enchequer, King'iRemembranceri 141 I
Exchequer of I'leas ; Catalogue oTj
Inrolments, I4l« T
Exchequer; MisceliaHeotis Beets dxed, I
Exchequer; Rtd Biek quoted; ic^-H
ii«, ig, J4, 41. 49. 90", K**
130, t40f( : buok of feet {liitrtt
fiodii) mentioned, 24111
Exeter, bishop of; fWilliam, witnen) I
47 1 (aolh, receipt) lol, lOW ^
Exeter cily; (tallage of Jews) iMf'B
(A^wry there) 134; 145". 174^1
Exeter, see 1 Uslh, receipt) 16
Exon,, MtHosHcon Di*tttiis (Olivaryl
quoted ; t45n
Extraneus (or LeslnmEC), J- i
ticiar of Cheshire 1 60
F,xlwisile(Ext«ysBl); (part of fee) a
Eynesbuiy (Eyoesbit'), co. Huntic
don ; (carucage) 13S
Eyton, Mr. R. WT; on car - ™
hii Kiy la Donuiday quoleil, 131 . j
Failswohtk (Fayleswrd) ; (as'
Falkirk, battle of; 3Zi. 33
See Gough
Faim-stock; prices (1190-1335), S3
Faningdon (Farndone) ward ; tallag
Faukes-hall(Vauxhall); 1380
Faveisham 1 (Henry there) 30, Su |
Fauntekin, a Jew of Bedford ; (taUageln
CENERAL INliKX
I
I
I Ferrers, Thomis de ; knighted with
^ the prince of Wales in 13061 264
^ Ferrer* {Ftrrai-iis), WillL»m earl of;
(15th) 14; hisaccomplassheiiffof
LaiiCitshire, 37, 125 ; (witness) 47
Ferrari, William de ; 46 ; (witness) 47
Fifth. Set Eiehth and Fifth
Fifth granted hy clergy nf the province
of York, in wluch Lancnshire is
Fitieenlh. ihowing in detail Ihe kind
and value of goods taxable ; 53
Fifteenth given in 1217 (3 Jtm. III.)
in return for renewal of ihc liberties
granted by Viagjehn : 1, 6, 7
Fifteenth given in 1225 [g Bat. III.)
to Henry for regrantiDg Ihe Iwo
Charters, 9, 11 ; taxor> for Lanca-
shire, 12; mode of assessment,
IS; Bccompl of iSlh received in
Berkshire, Lancashire, Cumber-
land and Westmoreland, 13 ;
general aceompl in the several
counties, and in certain wcs, 16;
Himmary ol receipt. 17; total of
the 15th assessed throughout
Endand, 18
Fifleenih granted ia 1275 (3 Eda/. I.),
14S, 157; laiors appointed for
Cumberland and Lancashire, 13S;
accompt of money received in
Lancashire, 15S ; also in the cos.
Kent, Oxford and Berks, West-
moreland, Cumberland and North-
umberland, 159, 160
Fifteenth granted in t2^{l% Edw. L)
for the banishment of the Jews,
171; taxors for Lancashire, 177;
form of assessment and collectloo,
177 ; accompt of receipt in Lan-
cashire, 179; Comparative Table
of Receipts in Lancashire and
some other counties, iSo
Fifteenth granted in 1301 (29 Edm. I.)
al Lincoln in return for the king's
acceptance of perambulations of
forests ; 225, 233 ; taiors o&signed
in Lancashire, 236 ; terms of pay-
ment, form of taxing and levying
the iSlh, 237 ; accomins of tatnrj
and collectors in Derbyshire and
Laueasbire, 238 ; Comparative
Table of Receipts in Lancashire
and some other counties, 239
Fifteenth by the clergy, 233
Fifteenth and Tenth granted 3 HiH. V. ;
Gliui Ad', Johannes; (tallage) III
Glius Ad', Ric' ; (part of a knight's
fee) 246
filins Andr', Hugo: (carucogc) [35
filiUi
Bemordi, Hen
; bin
(de
filiiis Bemanii, Rod'; sherifTs aecnmpt
for Lancashire, toS
tilius Eiwardi, Hugo 1 39
liliB Golfriiii, Alicia ; Christiana, her
dau. and heir, 37
mius tjalfridi. Johannes ; (^zo in land)
28. Sie Hackensall
filiu« Geroldi, M. ; (justiciar of Ire-
land) 57
filius Menrici, Petrus ; (assessed to
3otb) 52
filius Hugonis, Osb' ; (canicage) 135
filius Johannii, Ric' ; 19&
filius Leonii, Leonius ; (his accompt
for Cheshire) 162
lilius Martini, Job' ; 154
filius Nigelli, Ric' ; (scutnge) III
filius Petri, Johannes j (assessed to
iilius Petri, Ricardus ; (assessed to
iS'h)S3
lilim Rodulfi, Will'us ; 108
■ilius Rann[iilfil, Rogerus; (aculage)
136
filius Reinfi', Gilbertos ; (accompt for
Lancashire) ta3
filia Kernel, Sibilla; IJ4
filius Rici dc Singelton, Johonoci ;
(tallage) 1 1 1
filius Ric'i, Robertus ; (tallage) III
filius Roberti, Joh'es ; (tallage) lit
filius Robcni, Rad' ; assessor of cara-
cage in Oxfordshire, 139, 140
6liu5 Rogeii, Adam t accompt for Lon-
filius Rogcri, Jordanus ; occnmpi for
Lancashire, 113, 113';, 134H, 135,
I2Sn
filius Rogeti, Ricardus j (acutage from
his heirs) 126
liliai Wolkelini, Wm'mus; (scutage)
lilius Wftlieri de Hole, Robertus;
(lallogej III
Finchampstead (Finchemslede) ; (caru-
cage) 13s
Fitiemere, Gilbert de j assessor of
carucage in Oxfordshire, 139, 140
Fines ; Statute Jt FiAUiui lefoid, 2)6
Finimle, indpfente; their use with
Ihe regnal yenr ; 149, 150, iji,
'5'i 'SS* '54< i^2i>, iSi, 2JOfi
Pinisterre, S. Matlhicu de : {Htnty
lbere)66
Fishwick (FisUiewyke)i (a knight's fee)
^5
282
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
fitz Geoffrey, John ; 46
fitz Gerald. See filius Geroldi
fitz John {filius Joh'is)y Richard ; 196
fitz Payn, Robert ; 1 19, 120
fitz Piers, Geoffrey ; earl of Essex ; 42
fitz Roger, Robert ; (of the earls' party
in 1297) 203 ; (at Falkirk in 1 298)
221
Flanders; 198, 199, 201, 202, 21 1«,
218, 219, 220», 223, 226, 234
Flanders, Guy count of, 198, 201
Flemenge, Michael le ; his homage
and service in Furness, 38
Flet (now Fleet), Lincolnshire; 126
Fleta, quoted by Oliver ; I45«
Fletewike, David de ; collector in
Lincolnshire, 259
Flint; 232; (castle) 164
Flintshire ; 164 ; 232
Hixton ; (assessed to 30th) 50 ; (tall-
age) 107, 109 ; (part of a fee) 242
Flores Histariarum cited ; l63«, I73«,
176^, 264, 264^
Foedera. See Ryiuer's Foedera
Fokerham, William ; collector in co.
Worcester, 258
Foliot^ Walter ; assessor of hidage and
caruage, in Berkshire, 145
Fordun's Scotichronicon cited ; 77«
Forest ; counties in which the king
had none ; 232
Forest, Charter of the ; 225 ; Articles,
225, 226
Forests. See Charters, Assize, Peram-
bulations
Foresta, Guy de ; Master of the
Templars, i86«
Forestarius, Jordanus ; (carucage) 135
Formby (Forncbia) ; tallage, 109
Forlibus, Isabel de ; countess of Albe-
marle ; 267
Fortibus, William de, earl of Albe-
marle ; 26
Fortieth granted in 1200 or 1201, in
aid of Jerusalem, 42 ; order re-
stricting the disposal of the money
received, 43
Fortieth granted in 1232 (16 Hen. III.)
30, 39 ; mode of assessment, 39 ;
and payment, 40 ; assessors and
collectors appointed for Lanca-
shire, 40 ; total receipt in the
kingdom, 41 ; accompt of the
40th received in Essex and Lan-
cashire, 41
Foss's Tubuhe Curiales cited ; 147
Foulridge (Folerigge) ; (part of fee)
246
Fountains {Fontihus\ abbot of; (fifth)
217
Framland hundred ; 146, 146//, 147
France, Louis dauphin of ; 1 , 6, 22,
79/1, 120, 121
France, king of; 9, 10, 42, 54, 67. 71,
72, 73, 74. 82, (and quetrn) %in\
156, 157, 186, 188, 189, 192, 195,
198, 204M, 227
France ; (/^<f«ry's jewels pledged there)
75, 103; 152, 156, 157, 181, 188,
189, 190, 191, 192, 204M
Frankeie, Simon de ; 30
Frankfort (printed) ; ifyjn
Freckleton (Frekelton) ; (a knight's
fee) 244
Frederick (emperor) ; money for his
marriage, 45« ; Henry's letters
to him ; 72, 73
Frekelton, Adam de ; 244
Freemantle-park ; 81
French prince (T^uis) ; 5
Friar John {Henry^ almoner) ; 66
Fulcher prior of Lancaster ; (accompt
of 30th and 20th) 261
Fulke bishop of London ; 78
Fulwood (Fulewude) ; 39
Fumell*, Henry de ; sheritf of Corn-
wall, 143M
Fornell* (Fumeaus), Simon de ; (ac-
compt for carucage) 137
Furneir, Simon de ; (accompt of 40th)
Furness, abbot of; 36, 37, 18411;
(quit of I ith) 190 ; (fifth of clergy)
217 ; 228; (part of fee) 245
Furness, abbot and monks ; charter of
Hen. II. ; 38;/
Furness forest ; 38
Furneys, William de ; assessor of
tallage in Lancashire, 84
G
Gaddesden. See Gatesdane
Galfridi, Johannes filius ; 28. S^ also
Hackensall
Galfridi, Alicia filia ; 37
Galloway, castle in ; 76
Gamston (Gamelestone), Notts ; (scu-
tnge) 126
(iara hundred ; 65//
Gartree (Gertre) hundred ; 146, 146/f
Garnett. See Gernet
(iarshale, Thomas de ; coll' in War-
wickshire, 258
Garstang (Geirsianke) ; (half fee) 244
Gascony (Gascogne, Vasconia, Was-
conia); 27 ter, 55, 56, 57, 59,
6i«, 66, 71, 73, 75, 76«, 84, 87,
97, 115, 116, 117, 118, 150, 186,
188, 189, 190, 192, 19s, 196, 198,
202, 204/1, 248
Gatesdane, co. Hertford ; (carucage)
137
GENERAL INDEX
283
Gavastone, Piers de ; knighted with
the prince of Wales in 1306, 264
Gaunt, Gilbert de ; (scutage alluwed)
118
Gaunt (Ghent) ; {Edward there) 209n,
210, 212, 217, 220, 222
Gayton, Philip de ; coll' in Warwick-
shire, 250
Geddington ; {Henry there) 20, 80
Genealogist (New Series) quoted ; i7Jf,
Ii6fi, 142/1
Genevile (Geynville), Geoffrey de ;
(marshal) 199 ; (at Weslm'^) 200
Genticors, Richard ; 152
Gentil (Gentyl), or le Gentil, le
Gentyl, John ; coll' in Lancashire
(of I2th & 8ih) 193, 194, 195,
I97«; (of 9th) 213, 215, 216; (of
15th) 236, 238 ; (of 30th & 20th)
256, 261 ; (accompt by his execu-
tors) 261
Gentil, Ranulf; (accompt of 30th &
20th) 261
Gentil, William ; (to raise forces in
Lancashire) 266
Geoffrey Balistarius. See Balistarius
Geoffrey the king's tailor ; 264, 264^
Gereberti, Will'us; (wrongly distrained
for knighthood) 30
German Emperor. See Frederick
Gernet (Gerneht), Benedictus ; (j^20
in land) 28, 29
Gernet, Roger ; (assize of arms in
1230) 70/1 ; (appointed for tallage)
no
Gersingham, Thomas de ; his accompt
for wardship, 37 ; his wife, 37
Gerstone grange ; (goods assesssed to
9th) 215
Gervase de Hobrugge, chancellor of
London, 79«
Ghent, 217. See Gaunt.
Giffard [Godfrey] bi^op of Worcester ;
his register quoted, 92, 93, 95
Giffard, Osbert ; market and fair
granted, 34
Gilbert, J. T. ; his Historic and
Municipal Documents of Ireland
cited, 5«
Gillinges (Gelinge in Domesday\ co.
Huntingdon ; (carucage) 138
Gillingham, Kent ; {Henry there) 8
Gironde river ; 66, 73
Glasgow, bishop of; 117
Glastonbury, abbot of ; gift to Henry ^
60 ; Edward writes to him touch-
ing the 30th, 167
Glatton manor ; 57
Gloucester ; {Henry there) 9 ; (tallage
of Jews) 114, II4«, 174^ ; (fine
for tallage) 250, 251, 251 », 252
Gloucester ; town and barton, 251
Gloucester; Gilijert de Clare earl of;
(going to Holy Land) 102, 103 ;
(captain in West Wales) 164 ; 240.
See Clare
Gloucestre, Walter de ; assessor of
tallage, 249 ; escheator, 266
Gloucestershire; (iSth, receipt) 16;
(tallage to be assessed) 61 ; (levy
of 20th) 95, 96 ; (20th, receipt)
104, 156// ; (scutage allowed) 116;
(Thomas lord Berkeley and others)
127; (carucage of 1220) 139,
I40«; (15th in 1275) 158, 164;
(6th) 184; (perambulations of
forests) 234 ; (tallage, or 15th &
loth) 253, 253/1
Gloucestershire, sheriff ; 33, 61, 130,
173
Glover, Robert ; Somerset Herald ; 28»
Godesbeche (Cotesbache), Eustace de ;
parson of Preston ; coll' in Lan-
cashire (of 30th & 20th) 256, 261
Godesbeche, William de ; one of
executors of Eustace preceding,
261
Godman, Richard ; (carucage) 135
Goldesburghe, Robert de ; 143 ; Isabel
his wife, 143
(joldingham, Alan de ; coll' in Suffolk,
258
Goldinton, Peter de ; (assize of arms
in Herts) 68/1
Cxoods taxable, shown by an actual
return made for a Fifteenth in
Wiltshire ; 53
Gore hundred, Midd. See Gara.
Ciormond, W^illiam ; (of Catterall) 207
Gorton (Salford) ; (assessed to 30th) 50
Gough, Henry ; Documents relating to
the Battle of Falkirk cited, 22 1«
Gounneys (Gunneys) Thomas de ;
(comptroller) 151, 169
Grandison, Otho (or Otto) de ; 267
Grangia, Gilbertus de ; (carucage) 135
Grantcurt, William de ; coll' in Essex,
100
Grantham (Graham) ; (20th, receipt)
105
Gravesende, R. de ; bishop of London ;
200
Gray, Walter de ; archbishop of York ;
66, 69, 79, 80
Great Charter oijohn; i, 3, 3«, 4, 86
Great Charters of Hen. HI. ; 4, 6, 7,
10. For numerous confirmations
see Henry and Edward
Great Charter {The), ^z, c^QltA. See
Blackstone
Great Survey of 1086 ; 130, 142
Greenwich ; {Edward \\\ex€) 20i«
284
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Gregory IX. (i>ope) ; his bull upon
the king's {Henry) nonage, 34
Gresley (Gresele), Nigel de ; (in
Drakelawe) 122
Gresley (Greslei, de Gresley, de
Gredley), Robert ; (money of 15th
in Lancashire) 14 ; 39 ; (paid
scutage) 125 ; (two knights* lees)
162/2
(iresley (Cireley, Gresle, Grelleye,
Grelle) Thomas {or de) ; (had
scutage) 117; (fined for scutage)
118; (;^40 in land) 228 ; (two fees
and half) 242; (part of fee) 243 ;
248; (de dreilly — knighted with
the prince of Wales in 1306) 264
(iresele, William de ; (in Drakelawe)
37. '22
Gressingham. See (iersingham
Grey, Reginald de ; justiciar of
Cheshire ; 164, 206
(jriffin piince of Wales ; 166
(irigestorp (co. Lincoln) ; (scutage)
126
tirimsby ; (20th, receipt) 105
(irisele, Geoffrey de ; coll*^ in Derby-
shire, 238
Guala Bicchieri, cardinal and legate ;
2«, 4, 6, 7, 79 ; (his "Life " cited)
7w, 79/*, 8o« ; (his death and
will) 80
Guernsey ; 98
Ciuienne ; 26
Guildford ; (Henry there) 23
Guildfi)rd ((iildeforde), Henry de; 234
(iuildhall (London) ; 211
Gunneys, or de (iounneys, Thomas ;
151. 169
(iurmcsale (Salford) ; 50. ^<v Crump-
sail
Ciuy count of Flanders ; 198, 201
Gynes (Gynis), Ingeram or Ingelram
de ; {£^0 in land) 227, 228 ; (half
fee) 244, 245
H
Hackknsall (Hacom^how), John de :
{£20 in land ) 29. Probably identical
with "Johannes hlius (jalfridi," I
28; i.e. son and heir of Geofi'rey \
Arblaster, or Hal is fan' us
Hagham, Peter i\f. : prior of the Hos-
pi la Hers ; 1 86//
Haigli ( J Ia;;hc) ; (part of fee) 242
Hailes, (I).ilryin|)le) lord ; 254//. 264
Hake, a Jew of Worcester ; (taliage)
114
Hakc-^leg', Henry de ; coll'' in co.
W(>rce"^lLT, 95
Hal, Simon <le ; a»«<»'-snr of talln^e in
l^inca-.liiic, ICK), 107
Hales ; (tallage) 109
Haliwelle, William de ; receiver of
carucage in 1220, 134
Halle, John son of Robert del ; (part
of fee) 246
Hiilton ; (tallage) iii; (a knight's
fee) 245
Halton, Walter de; (tallage) ill
Halliwell (Alywell) ; (part of fee) 243
Hambleton (Hamelton) ; (tallage) 10^
Hamilton, H. C. (ed.); 203^, 2iiff,
218//, 219, 22 1 /f, 223^1, 264M,
266/1
Hampden*scase relating to ship-money;
224
Hampshire. See Southampton
Hampton, reeve of ; 38>»
Hampton (Dourt ; $n
Handy Book^ &c. (Bond) ; X93«, 250«
Hapton i (part of fee) 245
Harcla, Michael de ; 159, 249. See
Arcla
Hardel, William; 57
Hardy, Mr. (afterwards Sir Thomas) ;
43«
Harecurte, John de ; 146
Harland, John (ed.) ; I3I«
Harleian MSS. quoted; 6, 7/*, I77«,
221/1, 228/1
Harrington. See Haverington
Harrow (Harghes) ; {Henry there) 65,
65/1
Harwood (Harewode), Salford ; (pMirt
of fee) 242
Harwo<le (Blackburn), Great ; (parts
of fee) 246
Haslemere (Surrey) ; 56/f
Hastings, reeve of; 38/1 ; port, 74
Hastinges, J. de ; (at Westm') 200
Habtinges, William de : (carucage) 141
Haverhulle, William dc ; 57, 58, 62,
154
Havering ; {Hcnty there) 85/*
Haveringe, Richard de ; 152, 1 53, 232W
Haverington, John de ; {£\o in land)
22S ; (part of fee) 245 ; (knighted
with the prince of Wales in 1306)
264
Hawardyn castle, Flintshire; 163
Haya, Thomas de ; 17
Haye, Walter de la ; coll*^ in co. Here-
ford, 103
Hayrun, Robert; coll' in city of
Tendon, loi
Heaton (Heton), Salford ; (part of
fee) 243
Heaton (Heton), Lonsdale; (part of
fee) 245
Heton, William de ; 245
lledon in Holderness ; (tallage) 252/1
GENERAL INDEX
28
Hegham, Roger de ; assessor of tall-
age, 249
Hemingford (or Hemingburgh), Walter
de ; Chronicon quoted ; 87, 203«,
2llff, 217, 2\%n, 219, 22lff, 222,
223«, 263, 264//, 266«
Hemingeforde Trubleville ; (carucage)
Henricus filius Bernard! (of Boclaund) ;
68»
Henry II. ; (assize of arms) 13/1, 70 ;
(charter to Furness abbey) 38^ ;
(as to liberties in his time) 22
Henry son oi/okn (Henry the Third),
born at Winchester in 1207, 35 ;
succeeded in 1216 to the throne,
I ; crowned at Oloucester 28 Oct.
1 216, 2 ; crowned a second time
at Westminster in 1220, 2n ;
Council summoned to meet at
Bristol, 2 ; in which a Great
Charter of Liberties was granted,
2, 4 ; the same granted for Ireland,
3, 5 ; peace concluded between
Henry and Louis dauphin of
France, 6 ; Charter of Liberti«ts
renewed, and a Charter of the
Forest granted 6 Nov. 121 7 at
Saint Paul's, London, 6 ; text of
the Great Charter with grant to
the king of a Fifteenth of move-
able goods, 6, 7 ; seal of William
Mareschal earl of Pembroke used
by Henry until his own seal was
ready, 7, ^n ; his Itinerary, 8 ;
the two charters to be publicly
read in every county, 9 ; Charter
of Liberties and Charter of the
Forest regranted in 1225 (9 Hen.
III.), 9, 10 ; and incorporated in
the Statute-book, 10 ; a Fifteenth
granted, 11 ; form of the levy, 12 ;
and terms of payment, 13, 14 ;
Henry spends Christmas of 1224
at Oxford, 19 ; Christus vincit
sung before him at that festival,
19 ; and at others, 21 ; his Itine-
rary, 20, 23 ; orders inquiry con-
cerning customs and liberties
enjoyed by king John ; Matthew
Paris quite wrong in writing upon
this matter, 21, 22; Aid for the
Holy Land granted in 1222, 24,
25 ; distraint for knighthood, 26 ;
respite allowed in certain cases,
27 ; a Council summoned for aid
against the king of Castile,
27 ; refused on account of the
king's duplicity. 27 ; names of
those holding in Lancashire Unds
of ;f 20 & ;f 15 yearly value, 28, 29 ;
lands seized for neglectinq^ to take
knighthood, 29 ; Henry spends
Christmas of 1226 at Reading,
Council at Oxford in January
1226-7, 31, 33 ; Itinerary, 32 ;
markets and fairs granted in
1226-7 up to the full age of the
king, 33 ; letters of pripe Gre-
gory IX. upon the king's nonage,
34 ; hts age, and the date of his
birth, 35 ; all ancient charters
required to be renewed and con-
firmed, 36 ; done accordingly in
Lancashire, 36, 37, 38, 39 ; a
general council held at Lambeth
in 1232, and a Fortieth granted,
39 ; form of assessment and col-
lection, 40 ; total of Fortieth in
England, 41 ; amount received in
Lancashire, 41 ; Christmas of
1236 spent at Winchester, 44 ;
Council at London (1236-7), 44 ;
demand for an aid on the king's
behalf, 45 ; after much debate a
Thirtieth conditionally granted,
46 ; a new charter, required from
Henry and given, reconfirminij
the two Charters, 46, 47 ; same
ordered to be publicly read in the
several counties, 47 ; mode of
levying the 30th, 48 ; terms of
payment, 49 ; total of 30th as-
sessed throughout England, 49 ;
receipt in Lancashire, 50 ; ex-
amples of returns made in other
counties, 51-53 ; a great Council
(124 1 -2) in which money was
demanded, but refused, 54, 55 ;
the king in a rage at his failure,
and resolved to go in arms against
the French, 55 ; sculage levied in
1242 for war in Gascony, 56 ;
expedients adopted for raising
money, 58, 59, 60 ; tallage to be
assessed in certain counties, 61 ;
expectations raised of much trea-
sure, 62 ; distraint for knighthood
ordered, 62 ; military summons
for the king's tenants to be at
Winchester, 62, 63 ; Itinerary,
65 ; Henry embarks at Ports-
mouth for Gascony, 66 ; he
demands more men and money,
67 ; assize of arms in 1242, and
an earlier one in 1230, 68, 69 ;
persons appointed in Lancashire,
^on ; taxes in this reign, 70, 71 ;
campaign in Gascony, during
which he is deserted by the
Poitevins, 71, 72 ; his letters to
the emperor, 72, 73 ; still at war
286
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
with Louis in Feb. 1242-3, 73 :
a truce for five years granted, 72,
74 ; king's inglorious return to
Portsmouth 25 Sept. 1243, ham-
pered with debt, 76 ; money
extorted from the Jews, Henry
stooping to receive money with
his own hands, 76 ; Council held,
and grant of money refused other
than an aid to marry his eldest
daughter, 76 ; at the same time
war declared against the king of
Scotland, but after negotiation
peace shortly made, 77 ; parlia-
ment at Windsor, 78 ; a Charter
of Liberties (of 36 Hen, III.),
printed in Statutes of the Realm^ •
and for which a 15th is said to
have been granted, is here proved
to have had no existence, 78 ;
Margaret the king's daughter
married 26 Dec. 1251 at York to
Alexander king of Scotland, 80 ;
Itinerary, 80, 81, 82 ; in 1252 a
crusade proposed, 82, 83 ; king's
protestations of devotion to the
Cross, 83 ; a general tallage
ordered to be assessed, 84 ; tenth
of the clergy granted, 84, 85 ;
Henry swears to observe the
Great Charter, 86 ; Sentence of
Anathema pronounced 13 May
1253 in Westminster hall against
all who should contravene any
liberties granted in the two
Charters, 86 ; aid to knight the
king's el«lest son, 85, 87 ; first
(so-called) regular parliament held
in Jan. 1264-5 (49 H^^' HI.),
Henry being then in the power of
Simon de Montfort, 89 ; previous
use and meaning of the word
* parliament,' 77«, 89 ; a new
charter given in March 1264-5
under duress, confirming the two
Charters, 88 ; further anxiety in
1266 and 1267 for their observance.
90 ; relics of Edivard the Con-
fessor translated in 1269 to a new
shrine in Westminster abbey,
which had been then newly built,
90, 91 ; a parliament held, 91 ;
and a Twentieth granted, 92 ;
form of taxation, 93 ; Henry's
ardour for the Crusade in 1270,
and preparations for departure
with his two sons to the Holy
I>and, 97 ; he suddenly resigns
his vow (Aug. 1270), and sub-
stitutes for himself his eldest son
Eit:card^ 98 : on recover)' from a
grievous sickness which had
brought him to death's door, he
again (1271) vows himself to the
Cross, 99 ; his jewels pledged in
France, 75, 103 ; accompts
(audited in 1272) of the Twentieth
granted in aid of the Holy Land,
100-104 ; general summary of
receipts and pajrments, 105 ;
Henry dies 16 Nov. 1 272, while
his son Edward is in Palestine,
and is buried in Westminster
abbey, 148
Henry V. ; I5»f, 127, 203»
Henry VII. ; his eldest son Arthnr
prince of Wales, m
Henry of Almain ; 88, 97, 102, 105
Henricus filius Bemardide Boclaunde;
68«
Hepbale, Robert de ; (to raise forces
in Lancashire) 263. ' See Hoppe-
hale
Herald, Somerset ; (Glover) 28«
Ilercla, Michael de; 159, 249. See
Arcla
Hereford city ; (tallage of Jews) 114,
114/j; 130; I74«, 175
Herefordshire ; (15th in 1226, receipt)
16 ; 20if ; (tallage) 61 ; (20thy
receipt) 103, 104; (scataf^e
allowed) 116; (carucage) 140,
140/t; 161, 164; (15th in 1290,
receipt) 179, 180 ; (6th) 184 ;
(loth, receipt) 185 ; (9th, receipt,
misprint ior Hertford. Amount
for Herefordshire, ;^6o3 I2x. 6^. )
216 ; 261
Herefordshire, sheriff; 130, 173
Hereford, bishop ; (Ralph, witness)
47 ; 61
Hereford, Simon de ; coll*" in Cinque
Forts, 103
Hereford and Essex, earl of (Humfrey
de Bohun). See Bohun
Herewarde, John son and heir of
Robert. See the next
Herewarde, Robert (deceased) ; sheriff
and coll'" of Aid in Norfolk ; his
accompf, 247, 248
Herges, 65//. See Harrow
Herlawe, William de ; (accompt of
40th in Essex) 41 ; (assessor of
15th in Lancashire) 158
Herleg', Berks ; (carucage) 135
Heronvulle, John de ; collector in co.
Stafford. 185
Hertford, Gilbert de Clare earl of
Gloucester and. See Gloucester
Hertfordshire ; (15th, receipt) 15, 16,
239 : (20th, receipt) 103, 104 ;
(scutage allowed) 116, 117; (caru>
GENERAL INDEX
287
cage of 1220) 137, 1 37/1, 140/1 ;
(6th) 183 ; (9th, receipt — mis-
prioted Hereford) 216 ; (no royal
forest) 232 ; (perambulations) 234 ;
(aid to marry the king's daughter)
248 ; (30th & 20th, receipt) 262
Hertfordshire, sheriff; 62«, 68«, 117
Hest ; (tallage) 108
Hethe. See Hythe
Hethe, Hugh de ; (carucage) 135
Heton (Salford and Lonsdale). See
Heat on
Hide of land ; 130, 131
Hidage ; 144* I4S» '46
Hide, Thomas de la ; sheriff of Corn-
wall, 198
Hilton, CO. Huntingdon ; (carucage) 138
Hilton, Salford. See Hulton
Hindley (Hyndeleghe) Adam de ; (part
of fee) 243
Historical Review^ English ; 1441
History of England, See Brady, Carte,
Tyrrell
History of London. See Lofiie
History in this volume dealt with only
so far as it concerns taxation ; dis-
claimer of aught else ; 67
Hobrugfge, Master Gervase de ; chan*
eel lor of London, 79/*
Hodelestone, Adam de; 187
Hodelistone (Hudleston) John de ; 227,
228
Hodinet, William de ; collector in co.
Salop, 185
Hody's History of English Councils
quoted ; 19/*, 39«
Hog [Thomas], ed. ; 203«, 2i8«, 227;/,
263/f, 264M, 265^
Hc^hton (or Houghton), Richard de ;
coll*" in Lancashire (of iith& 7th)
188, 190, 191 ; (of I2th & 8ih)
193. 194. 195. I97«
Hole, Robert son of Walter de ;
(tallage) in
Holegate, William de ; mayor of
Lincoln, 97
Holland (Hoyl', Hoylande, Holande,
Holonde), Robert de ; collector
in Lancashire (of 30th) 168, 169 ;
(of 15th) 177, 179 ; taxor in co.
Derby, 199 ; (;^40 in land) 227,
228 ; (leader of 2,000 foot) 233 ;
(parts of fee) 242, 243 ; (to levy
men in Lancashire) 263
Holland (Hoylande) Great, Essex ;
(assessed to 30th) 52
Hollingshead corrected by John Smyth
of Nibley, 127
Holme ; (tallage of Jews) 114
Holte (? Norfolk) ; writ dated there, 59
Holte, John de ; coll' in Wiltshire, 194
Holy Land, Aid for ; 24, 43, 71 ;
(crusade) 82, 83, 84, 85 ; (20th in
aid) 93, 94, 96, 100, lor, ,102 ;
252/1. iiee Terra Sancta and
Palestine
Honiton (Honeton) ; writ dated there,
118
Honour of Lancaster ; number of
knights' fees, 122, 123, 126; not
assessed to scutage, 163, 165
Honorius HL (pope) appoints Pandulf
legate ; 79
Hoppehale, Robert de ; (part of fee)
246. See Hephale
Hopton, Arthur ; his Concordancy of
VeareSf He quoted; 194, 194/r
Hordessale, &c. See Ordsall
Horiporde, Berks; (carucage) 135
Horkeythe, William de ; (parts of fee)
246
Hornby ; (two knights* fees) 245 ;
Hornby fee, 243
Homchurch (motiasterium Comutum) ;
• (prior quit of 40th) 41
Hospital in Jerusalem ; (master) 42
Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in
England ; (master) 83 ; (trea-
surer) 98, 100; (prior and brethren)
144 ; (fined for loth) 1S6, i86n ;
(fined for nth) 189M ; (fined for
30th) 260, 261
Hospitallers; 36, 41 ; 186, i89», 260,
261
Hospital " Teutonicorum " ; (master) 83
Hothom, Geoffrey de ; taxor in Lan-
cashire, 199
Hotham, Roger de ; baron of exche-
quer ; 252
Hothum, William de ; elect of Dublin ;
200
Hoton (Leyland). Sfe Hutton
Hoveden^ Roger de{eA, Stubbs); quoted,
42;/, 43«, ^on
Houghton. See Hoghton
Houghton, West. See Westhalton
House of Commons ; 4, 56
House, Upper (of Parliament) ; 4
Houton, Adam de ; coll"" in Lancashire
of 30th ; 168, 169, 170
Hoylande. See Holland
Hudlestone (Hodelistone), John de ;
227, 228. See Hodelestone
Hugo filius Andr'; (carucage) 135
Hugo filius Eiward*, 39
Hulton, John de ; (part of fee) 246
Hulton, Richard de ; 242, 243
Hulton (Hilton), Salford ; (assessed to
30th) 50 ; (part of fee) 246
Hungerford ; {Henry there) 23
Hunter, Rev. Joseph ; 120, 198
288
LANCASHIRE LAV SUBSIDIES
Huntingdon, John earl of Chester and ;
(witness) 47
Huntingdon ; I74«
Huntingdonshire; (15th, receipt) 1$,
16; {20th. receipt) loi, 104;
(scutage allowed) 116; (carucage
of 1220) 137, I37«, 138, 138/1 ;
155 ; (6th) 183 ; (nth) 189 ; (12th
& 8th, rec') 195 ; (perambulation
of forest) 234
Huntingdonshire, sheriff; 62«, 145 «
Hurstingestone (Hirstangestone) hun-
dred ; (carucage of 1224) 138
Hutton (Hoton), L«yland ; (parts of
fee) 244
Hyde, abbot of; 60, 61
Hythe (Hethe) ; (one of the Cinque
Ports) 74
I
Jacob son of Lion, a Jew of Lincoln ;
Jacob's Law Dictionary quoted ; 1 14«
James the First ; 57/1, 127
Jane countess of Ponthieu ; 28
Jersey ; 97
Jerusalem ; (fortieth in aid) 42 ; (hos-
pital) 144 ; (king) 24 ; (patriarch)
82, 268
Jerusalem, S. John of. See Hospital
Jewry ; 61, i75/» ; Statute of Jewry,
I57«» I73»
Jews ; money extorted from them, 76 ;
heavy tallages imposed, in, n2,
\\2t\ accompt of tallage assessed
in 1255, 113; chirographers' chests
to be sent to Westm*", 173; cities
and towns (Ipswich should he
added ), in which they were allowed
to dwell, 174//; banished for ever
from Kngland by decree in 1290,
171,255. 257// ; their houses, rents,
&c. sold, 175 ; accompt of such
sale rendered, 175 ; departure
from London, 176
Ilchester, Somerset ; {f/i'nry there) 23
Ince (Ines), Richard de ; 243
Ificipictite^ finienti'. ; their u>e with
the regnal \ear; 149, 150, 151,
152, 153, 154, 162//. 181, 250;/
Innocent III. (pope); 42, 43
Innocent IV. (pope); 17//. See also
Pope
Iu<PfXifniis by Eihvard I. of the C}reit
Charter for city of London ; 211,
231 ; of tlie two Charters for all
countie*;. 230
In^^titutes. S(e Coke
Jnt':*pret€r (ed. Manley) quoted ; 144'/
Jocelyu hish.)p of Ha:h. Scr Hath
Johannes draparius ; (carucage) 135
ohannes filius Galfridi ; (^£"20 in
land) 28. Probably identical with
John de Hacoiikihow, 29. See
Hackensall
Johannes filius Martini (of Ottring-
ham) ; 154
Johannes filius Petri ; (assessed to
15th) 53
John of Bristol, the king's {Hen. III.)
glazier; 175, 17611
John (Friar), almoner to Hen, III.;
66
John (king) ; Fortieth levied in 1200
or 1 201 in aid of Jerusalem, 42 ;
his commands as to disposal there-
from, 43; his Patent Rolls com-
mence in the 3rd year (1201) of
his reign, 43 ; Christus vincit
sung before him (1207) at Wood-
stock, 21 « ; was at Winchester in
the summer of 1207, 35 ; and again
(I St Oct.) at birth of his son
Henry ^ 36; Thirteenth levied in
the same year, 36 ; assize of arms
referred to, 12/1, I3« ; monfy
paid for confirmation by him of
liberties to men of Lancaster, 38 ;
land given by him in Poulton, 39;
and to Margaret (or Margery)
de Lascy, 130, 131 ; scutage of
Poitou levied, 120, I20« ; sandry
payments made by knights of the
Honour of Lancaster, 121, 122,
123, 124, 125 ; Magna Charta
granted with mental reservation,
I ; extracts from the Articles and
Charter, 3, 4 ; at war with his
barons to the last, his death at
Newark in 12 16, and burial in
Worcester cathedral, 1,2, 1 21 ; his
body laid in a new sarcophagus in
1232, 2« ; his tomb now in the
choir is probably of the date,
1502, 2w ; conference at Rune-
mede called (in 1244) parlea-
mentuniy Tjn ; his Charter said by
Matthew Paris to have been pro-
duced 13 May 1253 in West-
minster hall, 86
Jordan of Chester ; clerk for levy of
I5ih, 12
Jordan us forestarius ; (carucage) 135
Ipswich; (20th, receipt) 105; 175;
(tallage) 250. [This town should
i>e in the list at p. 174, note i.J
Ireland, lord of; {Henry) 10, 46 ; {^Ediv, )
207
Ireland ; (justiciar) 2, 57, 75 ; (Great
Charter for) 3, 5 ; {Historic an(f
Municipal Po.itmenfs citeil) 5// ;
GENERAL INDEX
289
(tallage ordered) 61 ; (treasurer)
75 ; (archbishops, bishops, earls,
&c* ) S3 ; (ecclesiastical revenues)
94«; 97, 156, 157
Irton, Ralph de ; bishop of Carlisle ;
Isabel sister of Hen, III. ; (aid for
marrying) 6i», 127 ; (her mar-
riage) 45
Isabel, queen (consort of king John) ;
35
Items, clerk to Walter de la Haye ;
(20th in CO. Hereford) 103
Itinerary of Hen, III. ; 8, 9 ; 20 ; 23 ;
32; 45«; 65; 81, 82; 8s«
Itinerary oi Edw, I. ; 2SS«
Judaism or Jewry ; 61, I75«
Jurati ad arma; I2n, 13^; 68, 69;
(in Lancashire) yon
K
Katn (Caen) pr^vot de ; 3811
Kane', Thomas de ; taxor in Devon,
198
Karl*. See Carlisle
Katherine, queen of Hen, VIII. ; 5**
Kellamergh (Kelgrimeserghe, Kel-
grimesarghe); (scutage) 126 ; (part
of fee) 244
Kellet (Killet), Adam de ; (tallage) 1 1 1
Kendale, Hugh de ; coll*" of 20th in
Yorkshire, 103 ; appointed to sell
the Jews* houses, &c. ; his ac-
compt of such sale, 1 75
Kenilworth castle besieged ; 90, 90«
Kennett, Bishop ; his Parochial Anti-
quitus cited, 143
Kenninglon (Kenyton) ; 39#f ; {Edward
there) 45« ; {Henry there) 76, 82,
85«, 119
Kent, county; (15th, receipt) 15, 16,
I59» 239; (20th, receipt) 104;
(tallage) IIO; (scutage allowed)
117; (king's dues) 156; (6th)
183; (r2th & 8th, receipt) 195;
(9th, receipt) 216 ; (as to forest)
232 ; (aid to marry king's daughter)
248 ; (tallage) 249 ; (30ih & 20th,
receipt) 262
Kent ; Hubert earl of; (witness) 47
Kent, sheriff; 49, 68«, 159, 184
Kenyon (Kenian) ; (a knight's fee) 242
Kenyton. See Kennington
Kertmel. See Cartmel
Keyne, Simon ; (carucage) 135
Kigheleye (Kygheley), Henry de ;
knight of the shire (Lane), 207 ;
263
Killet, Adam de ; (tallage) ill
Kilwardeby, Robert de ; archbishop
of Canterbury ; {Edward crowned
by him) 157
Kings Clipston; letters patent dated
there, 177
Kingestone, Berks ; (carucage) 139
Kingston, Surrey ; {Henry Acre) 8
Kipling, Mr. ; 56
Kirkby Fleetham ; writ of privy seal
dated there, 151
Kirkeby, John de ; {£,2.0 in land) 29 ;
166, 167 ; (assessor of tallage)
249 ; (clerk for a levy in Lanca-
shire) 266
Kirtling (Kertling) ; (assessed to 30th)
SI
Knaresborough, Yorkshire; (tallage) 253
Knights made with the prince of Wales
in 1306; 254, 264, 265
Knighthood (compulsory) ; 26, 27, 28,
29, 30 ; 62
Knights* fees ; in Honour of Lan-
caster, 122, 123, 126 ; in County
of Lancaster, 126, 247 ; assessed
to aid in Lancashire for marrying
king's {Edw, I.) daughter, 241
Knolle, John de ; 246
Knoville, Bogo de ; 266»
Knowsley (Knouslegh) ; (a knight's
fee) 242
Knyghton, or Knighton (historian) ;
217, 2l8lf
Knyveton, Henry de ; collector in co.
Derby, 258
Kyleby manor ; (tallage) 1 1 1
Kyrham, Walter de; 154
Lacock abbey ; an original of Henry %
Great Charter there, io», ii», \2n
Lacy, Henry de ; earl of Lincoln ;
scutage allowed, 165 ; his goods
not taxed, 179, 196 ; leader of
vanguard at Falkirk, 221 ; £i^
in land and rent, 228 ; at Westm',
240 ; over-lord in Lancashire, 241,
242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248; his
liberty of Blackbumshire, 266; 268
Lambard on the word * Hide * ; 130
Lambeth ; (palace) 6« ; (MS.) 7, 7« ;
{Henry there) 8, 9 ; (council
there) 30, 39 ; {John there) 35 ;
(church) 79«
Lambeth, South ; 13811
Lancashire ; (15th in 1225) 12, 14, 15,
16 ; {C20 & £iS land) 28, 29 ; 36,
37, 38; (40th in 1232) 40, 41 ;
(30th in 1237) 44, 49; 47, 48,
48// ; 67 ; (ialla;4e to be assessed)
84 ; (20lh in 1269-70) loi, 104 ;
(tallage) 107, 108, 109, no, in,
U
290
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
123, 124; (scutage allowed) 116,
117; (scutage of the Honour of
Lancaster) 120, 122, 123, 124,
125, 126 ; (number of knights'
fees in the Honour) 122, 123,
126; (number of knights' fees in
the County) 126, 247 ; 154 ; (15th
in 1275) 158, 160; 161, 162;
(grant to Edmund son of Henry)
163 ; 164 ; (scutage not levied)
163, 165 ; (30th in 1283) 166, 168,
169, 170; (15th in 1290) 177,
179, 180 (loth and 6th in 1294)
182, 183, 184M, 185, i85», 186,
187 ; (nth and seventh in 1295)
188, 190, 191 ; (I2th and 8th in
1296) 191, 192, 193, 194, 195,
196, 197, I97« ; (eighth in 1297,
afterwards revoked) 199, 207 ;
(ninth in 1297) 197, 213, 215,
216 ; {£a/^ in land and rent) 227,
228; (fifth of the clergy) 217;
(no royal forest) 231 «, 232 ; (force
levied) 232, 233 ; (perambulations)
234; (forest rolls) 235 ; (15th in
1301 ) 234, 238, 239 ; (aid to marry
the king's daughter) 239, 241, 248 ;
(knights' fees in the several wap-
entakes) 241-247 ; (assessors of
tallage) 249; (30th & 20th in
1306) 256, 261, 262; (writs of
military summons) 262, 263 ;
(force ordered to be levied) 266
Lancashire ; Baines's History cited,
I3i«
Lancashire, sheriff; 12, 14, 26, 28,
29, 38/1, 40, 7o«. no, 116, 120,
213, 226, 227, 228, 241, 263
I^ncasier borough, or town ; 12, 25 ;
(fine for liberties confirmed) 2fi^ 38 ;
(assessors of tallage there) 106 ;
(tallage levird) 107, 108, 109,
no, 123; (assizes there) 154;
(6th, receipt) 187 ; (7th, receipt)
190; (8ih, receipt) 196; (20th,
receipt) 261 ; (muster there) 263
Lancaster castle ; 40
Lancaster, earl of; (Edmund) 163,
165, 179, 234, 235; (Thomas,
;f40 in land) 228 ; 234 ; 242, 243,
244. 245
Lancaster, Honour of ; 120, 122, 123,
124, 125, 126; (number of
knights' fees) 122, 123, 126
Lancaster, Fulcher prior of ; (accompt
of 30th & 20th) 261
Lancastre, Richard ; 228
Lancaster, William of; (15th in 1225)
14 ; (witness) 47 ; (assize of arms
in 1242) 70« ; (half a knight's fee) j
244» 245 1
Lancaster, Master William of; (ac-
compt of 30th & 20th) 261
Land-holders in Lancashire ; £10
yearly, 28 ; £\^ yearly, 29 ; /40
yearly, 227, 220
Laneham (Lanum), Notts ; (writ dated
there) 233, 234
Lanercost abbey ; {Edward there) 265
Langeforde, John de ; 242
Langeleye, abbot of ; 248
Langeton, Johnde ; {C^ in land & rent)
228 bis ; (kniehts' fees) 242, 245
Langeton, Lc-yland. See Longton
Langeton, Stephen de. See Canter-
bury, archbishop
Langeton, Walter de ; (clerk) 169 ;
(bishop-elect) 192 ; (bishop ofCov-
entry & Lichfield, and treasurer)
237* 251 ; one of the guardians of
Lncland ^wxm^ Edward* % absence
in Scotland, 265
Lansdowne, marquess of ; 56
Lansdowne MSS. ; $6
Lascy, Margaret (or Margery) de ;
130. 131
Lascy, Walter de ; 130
Lascy. See Lacy
Lateran ; 34, 79
Lathum, Robert de ; (assize of arms
in 1242) 7on; (^40 in land &
rent) 227, 228 ; (knight's fee in
Knowsley) 242 ; (to raise forces
in Lancashire) 266
Latton infra Lunam ; (scutage) 126
Lauton, Wm. de ; 37, 37«
la Ware, John ; (knighted with the
prince of Wales in 1306) 264
Law Dictionary^ Blount's ; quoted,
1 28/1
Lawsuit, The Great Berkeley ; (of 192
years' duration) 127
Lawton (Lauton) ; (a knight's fee) 242.
See l^auton
Layton (Latun) ; (a knight's fee) 244.
See Latton
la Zouche, Alan ; (of the earls' party
in 1297) 203 ; (at Falkirk in 1298)
221
la Zuche, Roger ; (witness) 47
le Bigod. See Bigod.
le Brabazon, R. le ; 267
le Breton, John ; coll*" of Aid in Nor-
folk ; (accompt) 247
le Butiler, Botiler, &c. See Butler
le Despenser, Hugh ; 200
Le, Henry de; I58« ; coll' in Lanca-
shire of 15th, 160
Lee, John de ; 158^
Lee, John de la ; sheriff of Essex ;
(tallage) 251
GENERAL INDEX
291
Le, Nicholas du, or de ; assessor in
Lancashire of 15th, 158, 159
Leeds, Kent ; {Edward Xhtxc) 20\n
le Fauconer, Ralph ; (tallage allowed)
III
le Flemenge, Michael ; 38
le Gentil. See Gentil.
Leghe, Gilbert de ; 246
Leicester, earl of; (Simon de Mont-
fort) 77, 84, 88, 89. See Mont-
fort
Leycestre, Peter de ; (deceased) 251
Leicestershire; (15th, receipt) 16;
(20th, receipt) 104 ; (scutage al-
lowed) 116, 117; 126/f ; (carucage)
140^; (hidage, &c.) 145, 146;
165; (6th) 183; (I2th & 8th,
receipt) 195 ; (no royal forest) 232
Leicestershire, sheriff; 62^, J17, 146,
170; (and CO. Warwick) fi8
Leightonstone hundred ; (carucage of
1224) 138
I/cke, Peter de ; commissioner for 6th
in COS. Nottingham, Leicester, &c.,
Leke manor ; (9th, accompt) 215
le Molineus, William ; {JiiS land) 29
le Moyne, John ; to assess tallage,
I09;f
Lenche or Lenz, Walter de ; 19, 21
Lenebaud, Richard ; coll' in Suffolk,
194
Lenham, John de ; (part of fee) 165
le Norreys. See Norreys
Leominster ; (weekly market on
Sunday changed to Thursday) 20«
Leo (or Lion), a Jew of Lincoln ;
(tallage) 113; Jacob his son;
(tallage) 113
Leonius filius Leonii, chamberlain of
Chester ; 162
Lepers; mode of taxing them; 214,
214M
le Romeyn, Thomas ; collector in city
of London, 183
le Rous. See Rous
Lestrange. See Extraneus
Lestraunge, Geoffrey; (respite of knight-
hood) 27
le Tyes. See Tyes
Letton (printer) ; 224
leveske, Elias ; a Jew of London ;
(tallage) 113
Lewarton (Berks) ; 137
Lewes ; (battle) 88 ; (prior and convent)
60, 61 ; (writ dated there) 227
Leyburne, Nicholas de ; (to raise
forces in Lancashire) 266
Leiburne, Robert de ; (charged to
loth) 187
Leyburne, Roger de ; (going to the
Holy Land) 102
Leyland ; (part of fee) 244
Ley land wapentake ; (thirtieth) 50 ;
(estreats of knights' fees) 243
Libico, Philadelfo ; his Vita Gualae
Bicherii cited ; 7«, 8o»
Library, Bodleian ; 46/r, 8o;f
Lichfield ; commissioners to assemble
there, 231 »
Lichfield, bishop of Coventry and ;
(Alexander, witness) 47 ; (bishop
of Chester) 85. See Coventry
Licoric' ; a Jewess of Winchester, 1 14
Liddesdale ; ^^H
Lifton Hundred, Devon ; (20th,
receipt) 104
Limoges; (Edward lYiext) 156, 157
Lincoln, bishop of; (Hugh, witness to
Great Charter) 12 ; (Robert, wit-
ness) 47, 78; (R.) 78 ; (20th,
receipt) loi, io$n ; (Oliver de
Sutton) 200
Lincoln city ; 61 ; (fine for 20th) 97 ;
(mayor) 97 ; (20th, receipt) 104 ;
(tallage of Jews) 113; (Jews
there) 174, I74«, 17S* »7S« J
(parliament there) 225, 231, 232,
233i 235, 236 ; (letters patent
dated) 235; 238; (fine for 15th)
239«; (tallage paid) 250; (20th,
receipt) 260
Lincoln. John earl of; and constable
of Chester ; (witness) 47
Lincoln, earl of. See Lacy
Lincoln's Inn ; 144/f
Lincoln ; S. Katherine's priory, 174
Lincolnshire; (15th in 1226, receipt)
16 > 39 » 40 ; (money of 30th)
58 ; (20th, receipt) 104 ; (scutage
allowed) 116, Ii6if, 117, 118;
(scutage of Montgomery) 126,
I26n ; (Domesday, as to canicate)
131 ; (camcage, receipt) 140^ ;
146^; (6th) 183; (I2th & 8th,
receipt) 195 ; (no royal forest)
232; (isth in 1301) 234, 239;
(aid to marry king's daughter)
248 ; {Edward there) 25511 J (3^^^
& 20th, accompt) 259, 260, 262
Lincolnshire Domesday ; Mr. Eyton on
the * canicate,' 131
Lincolnshire, sheriff; 57, 58, 6211, 117,
118, 173. 174
Lindeshey, Walter de ; holds of the
king in barony, 29
Lindeseye, Sir William de ; (a knight's
fee) 165
Linlegh', co. Oxon. ; (carucage) 139
Lion {Leo)y a Jew of Lincoln ; and
Jacob, his son ; (tallage) 113
U 2
292
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Lisins (or Lisius) William de ; colU
in Devon, 103
Lisle, lord ; composition of the suit
between him and lord Berkeley,
127
Litany. Christus vincit ; 2in
Litegreines. See Lythegreines
Litherland ; (tallage) 109
Littelbury, Ralph de ; coll' in co.
Lincoln, 259
Liverpool ; (tadlage) 107, 109, 123 ;
(20th, receipt) 261
Llewelyn prince of Wales; 160, 161,
162, 163^, 166, 168, 169. Srg
Wales, Llewelyn prince of
Loftie, W. J. ; his History of London
quoted, 26511
London ; aldermen and citizens did
fealty to king's (Edw,) son, 200
London, bishop of; Eustace, witness
to Great Charter of 9 Men. III.,
12 ; (quit of 40th) 41 ; (Roger,
witness) 47 ; (T.) 78, 80; (Fulke)
78; (William) 79, 80; (20th, re-
ceipt) io5« ; (Ric. de Gravesende)
200 ; (Ralph de Baudoke) 267
London ; books printed there ; I28«,
1 30/1, i94«, 223«
London, chancellor of; Master Ger-
vase, 79«
London, citizens ; 63, 64 ; election to
parliament of 49 Ifen. III., 89 ;
30th, receipt, 169 ; 6th granted,
1S2 ; Bned for 15th, 239^ ; pardon
of 20th, 259
London city ; warden and bailiffs, 97 ;
20th to be levied, 97, 97« ; 20th,
receipt, loi, 104 ; tallage of Jews,
113; Jews' house-? sold, 175;
I5ih, receipt, 180 ; 6ih granted,
182, 183 ; 6th, receipt, 185, 185/7,
187, i87« ; 7th, receipt, 189, 191,
igm; 8th, receipt, 195, 197,
I97« ; Inspcximus by Edward of
the Great Charter preserved at
Guildhall, 211 ; 9th granted, 212,
214; 9th, receipt, 216; king's
{£dw.) son stays there for safety,
218 ; the two earls enter in great
force, 218; fine for 15th, 239/*;
tallage (from 24 wards) 250 ;
(from alderman of Queenhithe
ward) 251 ; (from six wards) 253 ;
pardon of 20th, 259
London ; conveyance of money to or
from ; 17, 25, 132, 133, 190. S^e
also London ; New Temple
London ; Council or Parliament there ;
I, 6, 7, 14, 21;/, 22, 44, 45, 54,
88, 89, 197, 198, 199, 206, 207«,
209, 214, 217, 218, 240
London ; Great Charter of 2 fflgft. IIL
dated there, 7 ; Henry there, 8, 9,
22, 23 ; Edward there, 162, 201 ;
Inspeximus by Edw, of the Great
Charter in 1297, 211 ; in 1300, 231
London^ History of {^y Loftie) ; quoted,
265»
London, Jews; (tallage) 113; 173,
17491 ; their houses sold, 175 ;
they leave in a body 10 Oct. 1290,
176
London ; ma^or and barons, 61 ; majror
and citizens paid ;f 4,000, 169;
John le Blound, mayor, knighted
with the prince of Wales in 1306,
265
London, muster there, 27, 198
London ; New Temple; 15, 17, 25, 40,
42, 58, 98, 100, 132, 133, 140
London ; proclamation for those who
wish to be knights to come before
Pentecost, 1306 ; 254, 254^
London, Queenhithe ward ; 25 1
London ; Saint Paul's ; I, 6, 7, I2iii,
163, 206. See Saint Paul's
London, see of ; 58
London, sheriff; 17
London, Stephen of ; chaplain, 102
London, Tower of ; 58, 61, 159, 170,
198
London ; treasurer and chamberlain, 75
London ; Trinity (Holy) priory ; 97
Longton (Longeton, Langeton), Ley-
land ; (parts of fee) 244
Lonsdale Wapentake ; (assessed to
30th) 50; 234; (estreats of
knights' fees) 245
L^'Stock (Lostoc, Lostoke) ; (assessed
to 30th) 50 ; (part of fee) 243
Lothian, castle in ; 76
Lovel, Master John ; commissioner
fir 6th in cos. Wilts, Somerset,
&c., 183
Lovel, or Luvel, John ; of the earls*
party in 1297, 203 ; at battle of
Falkirk in 1298, 221
Louis dauphin of France; I, 6, 22, 79^,
120, 121
Louis king of France, 10, 71, 72, 73.
See France
Louth {Luda)^ William de ; his ac-
compt as keeper of the wardrobe,
168, 169; elect of Ely, 240;
bishop of Ely, 200, 222
Luard, H. R. (ed.); 2», i8«, 22«,
25«, 27, 31//, 33«, 35«, 36«, 39//,
42//, 44», 46;^, 54/?, 6i/f, 64/f,
66«, 69, 70W, 72//, 73«, 74^
75«, 76«, ^^n, 78«, 79^, 8o«,
82?/, 84*/, 85«, 86«, 89W, 91 «,
128, 162//, 171^, 264/1
GENERAL INDEX
293
Lucca. See Luk*
Luda, William de ; 168, 169, 200,
222, 240. See Louth
Ludlow ; (20ih, receipt) 104
Lughteburgh, Richard de ; 268
Luk' (Lucca), Jacobus de ; 102
Luk', Lucas de ; 102
Luk', Reynerus de ; 170
Luk', merchants of ; 102, 158, 159,
159/1, 169, 170
Lumhy, J. R. (ed.) ; 2l8«
Lungespee (Lungespeyc) William;
(witness) 47 ; to have 200 marks,
60/f
Luvel. See Lovel
Lynn, Norfolk ; (20th, receipt) 105
Lythegreines (Litegreincs, Lithegr')
John de ; sheriff and coll*" in
Northumberland, 160 ; coll"^ in
Yorkshire, 169 ; commissioner
for 6th in Lancashire, &c., 182,
183 ; assigned for perambulations,
234
Lythum, prior of; (quit of nth) 190
M
Machlinia (printer) ; 224
Maclean, Sir John ; I27»
Madox, Thomas ; History and Anti-
quities of the Exchequer cited ;
34//, 106, III, 112, II2M, 115^,
I2i;r i62n,
Magiar', Reynerus; (i5ih, accompt)
159
Magna Charta of John ; i, 3, 3w, 4» 86
Maidenhead, Berks. See Ellyntun*
Maidstone (Meidenstane), Kent; 54
Makeresfelde ; (scutage) 126
Malet, Hugh ; (scutage) 126
Maletout de leynes ; 209
Mailing ; (20th, receipt) 105
Malmesbury ; {John tnere) 36
Malvern ; (letter of Cardinal Guala
dated there) 79«
Manchester ( Mainecestre) ; (assessed
to 30th) 50
Manley. Thomas ; 144^
Mansell, John ; 41
Manshearl (Mannishevid) Hundred,
CO. Bedford ; (assessed to 30th) 52
Marchia, Gilbert de ; coll*" in city of
I^ndon, 183
Marchia, William de ; (treasurer) 174,
1 74/1 ; (bishop of Bath & Weils),
200
Marc John de la ; his heirs, 243
Marescair ; 41
Marescair Wm. ; in Cartmel, 37
Mareschal, Gilbert ; earl of Pembroke ;
(witness) 47
Mareschal, John ; 130
Mareschal, WilUam ; earl of Pem-
broke ; (guardian of Henry and
governor of the realm) 2, 4, 5, 6,
7* 31^1 79 ; (his seal used by
Henry) 7« ; yin ; (his death) 80 ;
144, 145. 146
Mareschal, William the younger ; earl
of Pembroke ; 146 ; ( Alianor, his
widow) 2M
Margan ; Annals quoted ; 3511
Margaret eldest dau. of Hen. IIL ;
her marriage, 80 ; aid for the
same, 76, 8o;f
Marlborough (Merleberge) ; {Henry
there) 23, 30. no; {John there)
36 ; (tallage of Jews) 114 ; (castle)
146; I74«
Marlborough, Statute of; 90
Marseilles ; 83
Marshal of England ; 19811, 199, 200,
203, 218
Marshal's rolls (Scutage and) ; wtn
Marshalsey rolls ; no
Martini, Joh' filius; 154
Marton (Merton), Great ; (part of fee)
244
Mascy, Richard de; justiciar of
Cheshire ; 232
Matthew of Westminster cited ; i63»,
173^ 176/f, 222, 264, 264M
Matthew Paris* Chronica Atajora dud,;
i8«, 22»i, 27, 28«, 31, 3i«, 33«,
35«. 39«» 42», 44» 45. 46, 54» 55.
6i«, 63, 64, 65, 66. 67, 68, 70,
71. 72, 73. 74. 75. 76. 77, 79«,
80, 82, 82n, 84, 85/1, 86, 99> 128
Matthew Paris ; the credibility of his
history, 128/1 ; though sometimes
inaccurate, 18, 19, 21, 22, 31, 33,
34, 45«, 64. 66, 72, 73, 74, 76,
85.99
Matthew Paris ; Wats's edition quoted,
63, 89^. See also Additamenta,
Maucondut, Michael ; 102
Mauduit, Roger ; coll' in Northumber-
land, 194
Mauduit, William ; (witness) 47
Maundevile, W. de ; (carucage) 137
Maundevile. See Stokke Comitis
Mauneby, Robert de ; accompt for
tallage assessed on the Jews, 113
Maynard, Sir John (ed.) ; 204^
Mcarley (Magna Merley) ; (part of
fee) 246
Medburne, William de ; treasurer of
New Temple, London ; (accompt
for 20th) 100
Melksham forest ; 81
Melton ; 146
Merevale. See Mirivall'
294
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Merewell ; {Henry there) 60, 65, 117
Merleberge. See Marlboroagh
Merleye, Robert de ; coll' in North-
umberland, 194
Mersey; 131, i$%n
Mersey (Afereseia), Ranulf de ; (scutage)
123
MertoQ ; {Henry there) 8, 85« ; (Statute
of) 87
Merton, Walter de ; (chancellor) 155,
156 .
Meryngge, Robert de ; collector in co.
Nottingham ; 185
Michel, Franci8que(ed.); RBlesGcLscotis^
66if
Middlesex ; (15th in 1225, receipt) 15,
16 ; (20th, receipt) loi, 104 ;
(scutage allowed) 117; (carucage)
138/t, 140 ; (15th in 1290, receipt)
180; (loih & 6th, receipt) 187;
(nth & 7th, receipt) 191 ; (12th
& 8th, receipt) 197 ; (ninth, re-
ceipt) 216 ; (no royal forest) 232 ;
(15th in 1 301, receipt) 239; (aid
to marry king's dau.) 248 ; ,(as>
sessors of tallage in 1304) 249 ;
(30th & 20th, receipt) 262
Middelton, Adam de ; 245
Middelton, Roger de ; 242
Middelton ; (Salford, a knight's fee)
242 ; (Lonsdale, part of fee) 245
Mimmes (misprinted Minnyel), co.
Hertford ; (carucage) 137. Now
North Mimms
Mirivair, abbot of; (quit of nth) 190
Miscellaneous Books of the Exchequer
cited ; 15^, 14 1»
Mistley (Misteleghe), Essex ; (assessed
to 30th) 51
Mithope ; (part of fee) 244
Mitton, Little ; 187
Moiety by the clergy ; 152
Molesworthe, Walter de ; coll' in co.
Bedford, 258
Molineus, Adam de ; (scutage in
Sefton) 126
Molineus, Richard de ; (half a fee in
Sefton) 242
Molineus, William le ; (;f 15 in land) 29
Molis, Nicholas de ; seneschal of Gas-
cony, 75
Monastic Annals. See Annals
Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (ed.
Oliver) quoted ; 145/*
Monasticon (Dugdale's) quoted ; 2«,
22\n
Monbegon {Monte Begonis), Roger de ;
(scutage) 125
Monem[uthe], J. de ; (witness) 47
Montgomery ; 161
Montgomery, Scutage of ; 126
Montfort, Eleanor, dau. of Simon de ;
161
Montfort, Simon de ; (witness) 47 ;
(earl of Leicester) ^^^ 84 ; (lieu-
tenant in Gascony) i^ 88, 89;
161
Mora, Henricus de ; (carucage) 135
Mora, Robertus de ; (carucage) 135
Mortain and Boulogne, Stephen earl
of ; 37, 38
VioxX&Y£i{Morif), Eustace de ; (scutage)
123
Morteyn, William de ; prior of Thur-
garton ; coll' in co. Nottingham,
lOI
Mortimer, Ralph de; (witness) 47,
156
Mortimer, Robert de ; (quit of hidage,
&c.) 145
Mortimer, Roger de ; 161, 164
Morton, co. Glouc. ; (grant of a
market) 33
Mountjoy (Munjai, Munjoye, Mon-
joye), Robert de; 125 ; Ralph de,
187, 235
Mojme, John le ; I09«
Moze (Mose), Essex; (assessed to
30th) 51
Muletone, Thomas de ; (scutage) 123
Mundene, John de ; 268
Muntfichet, Richard de ; (witness) 47
Muscegros, Richard de ; assessor of
carucage in 1220, 139
Museum, British; 3^, 56, 210, 210W
Mustel, Hugh ; assessor of carucage
in 1220, 139
N
Navarre, king of ; 75
Naunton Beauchamp ; 92M
Neville, Edmund de ; 187
Neville, Geoffrey de ; 1 58
Neville, Hugh de ; 117
Neville (Nevyle), Margaret de ; {£^0
in land) 227, 228 ; (two knights'
fees in Hornby) 245
Ne^fill, Testa de ; (cited) 61 », I33«,
i37> i39«» 140, I4>. H2W, 146
Newark; {John died there in 1 216)
I, 121
Newark (Neuwerk), Henry de ; (arch-
deacon of Richmond) 168 ; (elect
of York) 200
Newcastle upon Tyne ; {Henry there)
77, 119 ; (20th, receipt) 104, 105 ;
(;^200 paid by burgesses) 239 w ;
(tallage) 250 ; (muster there) 77
Newmarch {(U Novo Mercaio) barony
of; 119
Newport (Neuport), Essex ; (tallage)
251
UENF.RAL INDEX
295
New Temple, London ; (Henry there)
21 ; (Wm. Mareschal earl of
Pembroke interred in the church
in 1 2 19) 80; (money received or
deposited there) 17, 25, 40, 42, 58,
98, 100, 102, 132, 133, 134, 140
Neweton Hundred ; (in Domesday-
book) 131
Newton in Amoundemess ; (part of
fee) 244, 245
Newton (Niweton) ; (tallage) 109;
(Neweton) 131
Nibley, co. Gloucester ; 127
Nichole (<.«. Lincoln) county; 116,
Ii6n '
Nicolas, Sir Harris ; absolutely wrong
in saying that the regnal years of
£d7v, I. began and ended on the
same day, 20th of November ;
148, 149, 151. 153, 155, l62«,
[8i«, 250^ ; hi^ attempt to correct
lord Coke, 149 ; his Chroftology
of History ciitd^ 14811, 149, I57«,
Ninth granted in 1297 in return for
confirmation by Edward of the
two Charters, 197, 212; text of
Statute known as Confirmatio
Cartarum at length, 207 ; taxors
appointed in Lancashire, 213 ;
form of taxing the Ninth, 213 ;
exceptions allowed, mode of taxing
lepers, 214 ; accompt of money
received in Lancashire, 215 ;
Comparative Table of Receipts in
Lancashire and in other counties,
216; form of the 9th re-used in
levying the 15th granted at Lincoln
in 1301, 237
Nodariis (Nowers), Almaric, or Amary
de ; colK in Bucks, 185
Noel, Roger ; and Roger his son ;
(part of fee) 246
Noreys. See Norreys
Norfolk (15th, receipt) 15, 16, 180, 239 ;
(20th, rec*) 104 ; (scutage allowed)
116, 117, 126m ; (carucage, rec*)
I40«; 150; (6th) 183; (loth &
6th, rec») 187 ; (nth & 7th, rec»)
191 ; (I2th 6l 8th, rec*) 195, 197 ;
(ninth, rec*) 216 ; (no royal forest)
232; (aid to marry king's dau.)
247, 248 ; (30th & 20th, rec*) 262
Norfolk, earl of (Roger le Bigod).
See Bigod
Norfolk, sheriff; 34, 1 1 3, 1 17; (ac-
compt of aid to marry king's
dau. ) 247
Norham ; Balliol took there the oath
of fealty to Edward^ 149
Norman-Cross (Northmannecros) hun-
dred ; (carucage of 1224) 138,
I38«
Normandy ; (aid for its recovery) 36,
67 ; I45»
Normandy, duke of; {Henry) 46 ;
{Edward) 207
Normans ; the term carucata intro-
duced by them, 131
Norman ville, Thomas de ; 151, 152,
168
Norreys (Noreys), Alan le; taxor in
CO. Derby, 199 ; to raise forces in
Lancashire, 266
Norreys, Gilbert le ; (a knight's fee)
242
Northampton ; {Henry there) 20, 80 ;
{fohn there) 36 ; (liberties of
burgesses) 38 ; (20th, receipt)
105 ; (tallage of Jews) i [4 ;
(general assembly there) 166, 167 ;
I74«f, [75 ; (meeting place of
commissioners for perambulations)
227
Northamptonshire; (15th in 1226,
receipt) 16 ; (scutage allowed)
116, 117, 118; (carucage) 138/t,
14011, 146M ; (30th, arrears re-
ceived) 170; (6th) 183; (I2th
& 8th, receipt) 195 ; (perambula-
tions of forests) 234; {Edward
there) 255«
Northamptonshire, sheriff ; 20if, 62M,
64, 117, 118, 132, I45«, 173
Northburg", W. de ; 151
Northfleet (Norfiete), Kent ; 54
Northumberland; (15th, receipt) 16,
160, 180^ 238, 239; (40th in
1232) 40 ; (tallage to be assessed)
84; (20th, receipt) 104; (30th
in 12S3) 166, 168; (6th) 182,
183; (loth &6th, rec*) 187 ; (nth
& 7th, rec*) 191 ; (12th & 8th»
rec») 194, 195, 197 ; (ninih, rec»)
216 ; (no royal forest) 232 ; 234,
235 \ (30th & 20th, rec*) 262
Nortcxi, Cheshire ; 59if
Norton, prior of; 217
Norton, Yorkshire ; 217
Norwich ; {Henry there) 62« ; (20th,
receipt) 105 ; (tallage of Jews) 114 ;
I74«, »75
Norwich, bishop ; (Pandulf, elect) 79,
80; (20th« receipt) 105;^; (Ralph
de VValpol) 200
Norwich; (diocese) i8im; (see) 152
Norwich, Samuel of ; (a Jew) 113
Norwich {Noracico)^ Ralph de ; 3
Norwich {Noru*yco\ William de ; 252
Not' (Nottingham), Henry de ; 176
296
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Notele, abbot of; coIK of 20th in
Bucks, loi
Notitia Monastica (Tanner) quoted ;
I30«
Nottingham ; (15th received in Lan-
cashire to be sent thither) 14, 40,
41 ; {Henry there) 77, 80 ; (20ih,
receipt) 97, 105; (tallage of Jews)
114; I74«, 175
Nottingham castle ; 40
Nottingham county; (15th in 1225) 12,
16 ; (tallage to be assessed) 84 ;
(20th, receipt) loi, 104 ; (scutage
allowed) 116, 117, 118; (scutage
of Montgomery) 126, I26« ;
(carucage) 140;/; (6th) 184; (loth
& 6th, accompt) 185 ; (12th &
8th, receipt) 195 ; (perambulation
of forest) 234 ; (15th) 234 ; (forest
rolls) 235
Nottingham county, sheriff; 116, 118
Nottingham, Richard de ; 251
Nowers. See Nodariis
Nuiun (Noyon in France), prior of;
142, I42»
Nullum tallagium, &c. shown to be no
statute ; 219
O
Oakley (Ocle) Little, Essex ; (assessed
to 30th) 51
Ocham, Nicholas de ; clerk of the
Exchequer of Receipt ; 170
Oddington, Glouc. See Ottinton
Odymere (Udimore); {.Edward there)
201 ; (his proclamation) 201, 226
Oleron, Friars Minors ; 75/1
Oliver, George, D.D. ; I45«
Openshaw (Oponshae) ; (assessed to
30th) 50
Orders ; Cistercian, 59 ; Premonstra-
tensian, 59 ; Black or Benedic-
tine, 59, 89 ; Saint Augustine, 59
Ordsall (Ordeshale, Ordeshala, Hor-
dessale, Wurdeshale) ; (assessed to
30th) 50; (tallage) 107, 109;
(part of fee) 242
Ormesby, William de ; commissioner
for 6th in Norfolk, Suffolk, &c.,
183
Osbertus filius Hugonis ; (carucage)
135
Oseney ; Annals quoted, 171
Ospringe, Kent ; (iS'r/zf/an/ there) 201 «
Ostreham ; 38/f
Oswold, Saint ; 131
Osylh, Saint ; (assessed to 30th) 52
Olford (Ottefi)rde), Kent ; 54
Ottinton (Olinione in Domesday)^ co.
Gloucester ; {Henry there) 30
Ottobuoni, cardinal l^ate ; 94>», 99
Ottringham ; 154
Overton (Lane); (tallage) 107, 108,
III, (Vuuerton) 123
Overton (Leicester) ; 147
Oxcliffe ; (tallage) 108
Oxford ; {Henry there) 9, 19, 20, 22,
23, 31, 32. 33, 36, 81, 82, 132,
133; (Council there) 31, 36;
(tallage of Jews) 114; I74«, 175,
I76«
Oxfordshire; (15th, receipt) 16, 159;
(tallage to be assessed) 61 ; (20tb,
rec*) 104; (scutage allowed) 116,
117, 118; (carucage, receipt)
138, I38», I39» "40, I40«;
(hidage, &c. assessed) 145 ; (6th
to be levied) 184; (12th & 8th.
receipt) 195 ; (perambulation of
forest) 234
Oxfordshire, sheriff ; 116, 118, 145/1
Page, John ; 102
Pagnel, Ralph ; colK in Lincolnshire,
259
Palestine ; 43, 82, 84, 98. See Holy
Land
Palgrave, Sir Francis; 162, 165, I77»,
182
Pandulf, bishop-elect of Norwich ; 79 ;
legate in room of cardinal Guala,
2», 79, 80
Parbold (Perbaud) ; (part of fee) 243
Parcarius, Alexander ; (carucage) 135
Paris; 156, 157; (bishop) 43
Paris. See Matthew Paris
Paries, Walter de ; 39
Parleamentum, or Parlamentum ; first
used in 1244, and word applied
to describe the conference had
betweeenybA/f an! his barons at
Runimede, ^^n ; the equivalent of
empty talk. 89
Parliament at Windsor ; 78
Parliament, first (so-called) regular ;
(20 January, 1264-5) 89 ; Upper
House, 4 ; (in 1269) 91
Parliament y Rolls of\ cited, 23911
Parliaments. See Councils
Parliaments^ Parry's ; cited, 19W
Parochial Antiquities y Kennett's ; cited,
143
Parry's Parliaments cited ; igw
Pas^ele, Simon ; accompt for tallage
assessed on the Jews, 113
Pate, John ; master of the Cog Saint
Edward, 204«
Patent Rolls, Printed Calendar ; its
origin, 56
GFNERAL INDEX
297
PatishuUe, M. de ; 39
Palric, earl ; 77
Paul's, Saint, London ; I, 6, 7, I2i»,
163
Pauncefote, Grimbald ; collector in co.
Glouc, 95, 96; 169
Paynel fee ; 147
Paynel. See Danby Paynel
Peak, Castle of the ; 98 ; Darley in
High- Peak, 153
Peche, Bartholomew ; 57
Peckham, archbishop ; 87, 88«
Pembroke, earl of. See Mareschal
Pendlebury (Pcnnelbyri) ; (assessed to
30th) 50
Pendleton (Pennilton) ; (assessed to
30th) 50; (part of fee) 243
Penkethman, John ; I94«
Penmayn (Cornwall) ; 145/1
Penwortham ; (prior) 217 ; (part of
fee) 244
Perambulations of Forests ; 225, 227 ;
231-236
Perbaud. See Parbold
Percy, Henry de ; 265
Percy, Richard de ; (witness) 47
Pershete, Nicholas de ; 153
Perth ; writs dated there, 234
Pcrton, W. de ; (30th of Lancashire
paid by him) 169
Peter de Dreux, duke of Britany and
earl of Richmond ; 31
Peter des Roches {de Rupihus)^ bp. of
Winchester ; 3i»
Peter of Savoy ; scutage allowed to
him, 117
Petition of right (3 Chas. L) ; extract,
224ff
Petrus filius Henrici ; (assessed to 30th)
52
Petyt, Henry ; (assessed to 30th) 52
Philadelfo Libico ; 7«, 8o«
Philip king of France ; 121
Picheford, Geoffrey de ; constable of
Windior ; 103
Pickering (Pykerynge), Robert de ;
dean of York, 115
Picot (Pycot) Peter ; coll' in Derby-
shire, 241
Pictau' (Pictavin), a Jew of Bedford ;
(tallage) 114
Pilkington (Pilkenton), Roger de ; 242
Pilkington (Pilkenton) ; (part of fee) 242
Pincema (or Butler) William ; coll'
in Lancashire of 15th, 12 ; (paid
scutage) 125, 126
Pleshey ( Plassetis) ; manor of Humfrey
de Bohun in E^ssex, 221
Plessetis, William de ; 30
Plough. See Caruca
Plough-land ; (after Coke, Lambard,
Prisot) 130 ; 142
Plough-team {camcata bourn) ; 143 ;
joint-ownership exemplified, 143.
See also p. 135
Podyforde, Richard de; taxor in Devon-
shire, 198
Pocklington (Pokelintone) ; 154
Poel, Trilor ab ; (scutage allowed in
Lancashire) 117
Poitevins ; 63, 64, 71, 72, 73
Poitou ; 63. 67, 73«» 132, 133
Poitou, scutage of; 120, 121, 122,
123, 124, 125
Poitou : Richard earl of Cornwall
and Poitou ; scutage allowed to
him in Lancashire, &c. 1 16
Poll-tax (Aid for the Holy Land) ; 24
PoDcon, William ; (carucage) 135
Pons in France ; {Henry there) <)6, 67
Pons, Reginald (or Renaud) de ; 66
Ponte, Will, de ; (carucage) 135
Pontefract, Yorkshire ; {Henry there)
80
Pontefract, Middlesex. See Puntfreyt
Ponthieu, Jane countess of ; 28
Pope [Innocent IV.] ; 83, 84, 88«
Portbury, co. Somerset ; benevolence
from lord Berkeley's tenants, 127
Ports, Cinque ; 67, 73, 74, 105, 172,
204>l
Portsmouth ; (port to or from Gas-
cony) 27, 57, 63, 64, 75, 76, 88,
117, 118; {Henry th^tt) 65, 66;
(20th, receipt) 105
Pothaw, William de ; 246
Powder Hundred, Cornwall ; 143
Poynte, Peregrinus de la ; 102
Preese (Preez) ; (part of fee) 245
Precz, William de ; 245
Preesall (Pressora) ; (tallage) 108
Premonstratensian order ; 59, 133, 134
Preston in Amounderness ; (fine for
liberties of borough) 36, 38, 39 ;
(tallage) 107, 108, 109, no. 123;
(6ih) 187 ; (7th) 190 ; (8th) 196 ;
(parson there, coll' of 30th &
20th) 256 ; (20th) 261
Prisot on * plough-land ' ; 130
Prjrnne, William ; A Short Demurrer
&c. quoted ; I yzn ; History of/Cing
John^ &c. cited ; 207/t, 222, ^2^n^
2^iny 235«, 236
Public Record Office; Ii6«; danger
of renaming and renumbering
documents, 143^
Pulton ; 39
Punchardon, Richard; (loth in Little
Mitton) 187
Puntfreyt, Richard de ; coll' of 20th
in Middlesex, loi
298
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Purlcigh (Purlee) manor, Essex ; 41
Puttenham (Puteham'), co. Hertford ;
(carucage) 137
Pycot. See Picot
Pykerynge, Robert de ; dean of York ;
115
Q
QUATREMARS (Leic.) fee ; 147
Queen ai Hen, III. ; 27, 65 ; of Edw. I.
23i«; o{ Hen, VIII. 5«
Queenborough, Kent ; 172//
Qucenhithe ward ; William de Beton,
alderman ; his ex'ors for tallage)25i
Quernmore forest ; 235
Quintin, Wm. de Saint ; taxor of 8ih
in Lancashire, 199
Quinzaine of a feast is a precise day,
ii6m
R
Rad' filius Bemardi ; sheriffs accompt
for Lancashire, 108
Rad' fil. Rob* ; assessor of carucage in
Oxfordshire, 140
Radcliffe (Radeclyve) ; (part of fee) 243
Radeclyve, Richard de ; 243
Radulfus ; queen's almoner, 150
Ralegh (Rale), William de ; demands
an aid for the king, 45, 55
Ralph parson of Barton ; 49;^
Ramsey ( Ramesheya), Essex ; (assest>ed
to 30ih) 52
Ramsey (co. Hunt.), abbot of; 60, 116
Ramsey Monastery; C^zr/K/a/*^ quoted;
2n
Rat ford e, Robert de ; commissioner
for 6th in cos. Kent, Sussex, &c. ;
183, 184
Raymond count of Toulouse ; 73
Reading ; {Heptry thtre) 20, 21, 31,
32, 45«, 65, 66, 76, 77, 81, 82,
95.96, 117
Reading, abbot of ; 60
Reading ; William Mareschal's body
taken thither, 80
Receipt-rolls extracted, or noticed ; 185,
I93t '94* 195. 249-252, 258, 259
Receipts, Comparative Table ; 180,
187, 191, 197. 2r6, 239, 248, 262
Record Office. See Public Record
Office
Record Society ; vol. vii. cited, 29«
Red Book of the Exchequer cited ; 10,
\2n^ 18, 34, 41, 49, 90;;, 108, 120,
140/1, 176
Redeman, Matthew de ; 38^ ; zaW in
Lmcashire (of loth & 6th) 182,
186, 187 ; (to raise forces in Lan-
cashire) 233, 263
Reigate stone used in Westmistter
abbey ; 90«
Remenham (Remeham) Berks ; (cam-
cage) 135
Renaud, Walter, keeper iA the ward-
robe of the prince of Wales ;. 267
Rethirby ; 146
Reuell (or Revell), Richard ; I43#r
Reydon, R 'bert de ; cuU'' in Suffolk, 258
Reygate, J. de ; 151
Rhuddlan ; (muster there) 164, {Ed'vnrd
there) 166. See Rothelan
Ribblc (iVi>a»i) ; 131, isSit
Ribby (Rijjgebi. Riggeby) ; (scutage>
107, III, 124
Riby, Lincolnshire ; (scutage) 126
Ric* fil. Ade ; (past of a knight's fee)
246
Ricardusfil. Petri ; (assessed to I5ih in
Wiltshire) 53
Richard the First ; 38, 53 ; (scutages
in his reign) 128
Richard, abbot of Westnainster ; 169
Richard bp. of Salisbury. See Salisbury
Richard earl of Cornwall and Poitoa ;
*7. 33«. 47, 65, 77; (scutage
allowed in Lancashire, &c.) 116
Richard the king's marshal ; 58
Richmond, archdeacon of; (Henry
de Neuwerk) 168
Richmond, earl of; 3i», 152
Right. See Petition of Right
Rigmaiden, John de ; 244
Ripariis, Margaret de ; 13811
Ripariis, Richard de; colK in co.
Gloucester, 95, 96, 156«
Ripariis, William de ; coil' in Essex,
100
Rishton (Rouston) ; (part of fee) 246
Rivers. See Ripariis
Robert abbot-elect of Tewkesbury ; 2m
Robert (de Kilwardeby) archbishop of
Canterbury; 157
Robert (de WincheUea) archbishop of
Canterbury ; 200. 218, 220, 226
Robert bishop-elect of Ely ; ^n
Robert bishop of Lincoln ; 79
Robertus carpentarius ; (carucage) 135
Roberisbridge, Sussex ; {Henry there)
20 ; (Edward son of Edward
there) 206
Rocheford, Geoffrey de ; collector of
carucage, 137
Rocheford, John de ; accompt for
carucage, 137
Roches, Peter des ; bishop of Win-
chester ; (guardian of Henry) 3IW.
See Rupit»us
Rochester ; {Henry there) 8, 20, 31,
85«; (20th, receipt) 105 ; (tallage)
252
GENERAL INDEX
299
Rochester, Benedict bishop of ; (wit-
ness to Cireat Charter) 12
Rochester, bishop of ; 68/f ; (20th,
receipt) 105M
Rodestone, William de ; 153
Roger bishop of Bath ; the first bp. of
Bath & Wells ; 17 n. See Sarum
Roger de Hoveden quoted; 42^, 43/f,
70«
Roger of Wendover ; 1811, 128, I28«
Rokesle, Gregory de ; (accompt of
30th) 170
Kdles Gascons (ed. Michel) ciied ; 66w,
67«, 72«, 73if, 74
Romans, emperor of the ; money for
his marriage, 45^
Rome ; (court) 43 ; (pope) 42 ; 80
Romeyn, Thomas le ; coll*" of 6th in
city of London, 183
Rnmney ; {Henry there) 20
Ronimede (Runingmede) ; Magna
Charta of John given there, 3 ;
(Runemede) 77^; (Runimede) 89
Rooke, Henry ; 56
Ros, Margery de ; 165
Ros, William de ; (witness) 47
Rose Castle {la Rose) ; {Edward and
his queen there) 231 »
Roset, Pierre ; 75
Roshale, Thomas de ; coll' in co.
Salop, 258
Rothelan ; 232. Su Rhuddlan
Rothley (Rolet;*) manor, co. Leic. ; 146
Rot, Scacc, Norm. (Stapleton) ; cited
by Oliver, 1 45/1
Rouen, archbishop of ; 43
Rous, John le ; (military service at-
tested) 119, 120
Rous, Roger le ; (accompt of 15th in
CO. Hereford) 179
Rouston. See Rishton
Roxburgh ; (force (rom Lancashire to
be there) 263
Royan in Saintonge ; 66, 67
Royston ; {Henry there) 65
Rum worth (Rumwrd) ; (assessed to
30th) 50 ; (part of fee) 243
Runingmede (of Magna Charta) ; yt.
See Ronimede
Rupibus, Peier de ; bishop of Win-
chester ; (guardian of Henry) 3111.
See Roches
Russei, William son of Ralph ; (de-
mand for scutage to be released)
119
Rutlandshire; (15th in 1226, receipt)
16 ; (20th, rec^) 104 ; scutage
allowed) 116, 117 ; (carucage,
receipt) I40» ; 14611 ; (6th to be
levied) 183 ; (12th & 8th, rec*)
195 \ (perambulation of forest) 234
Rutlandshire, sheriff; 117, 145
Rye, Sussex ; {Henry there) 20 ; (one
of the Cinque Ports) 74
Rymer*s Foidera quoted ; 2», 6, I2«,
22«, 2S/f, 34«, 39«, 45», 49/1,
66«, 67«, 72>r. 73«, 77/1, 79«,
84«, 86», 87/f. 98/1, 99, 99«,
138/1, 148^, 155«, i6o«, I72«,
I73W, 20I«
Sages, Robert de ; (carucage) 135
Sages, Wygot de ; (carucage) 135
Saint Albans ; 64 ; {Henry there) 65,
68« ; {Edward \.\i<^x€) 231, 255*
Saint Augustin, order ; 59
Saint Augustin, Canterbury ; (abbot
and convent) 94, 95«, 97
Saint Briavell. See Briavell.
Saint Edmund's abtiey. See Edmund
Saint Edward {i.e. Edward the Con-
fessor) ; translation of his relics
to a new shrine, 90, 91 ; work
about shrine, and wages paid to
goldsmiths and others, 9011
Saint George, William de ; coll' in
CO. Cambridge, 258
Saint John of Jerusalem. See Hospital
Saint Liz, Simon de ; taxor of 20th in
Bucks, excused from serving, 92
Saint John, John de ; serving in Scot-
land, 228
Saint Matthieu de Finisterre ; {Henry
there) 66
Saint Osyih in E^»ex ; (assessed to the
30ih) 52
Saint Paul's, London ; council held
there, I ; Charter of Liberties and
Charter of the Forest dated there,
6, 7 ; Swereford buried, I2in ;
charter granting the earldom of
Lancaster, &c datel, 163 ; writs
for parliament dated there, 206
Saint Peter's church, We>tmioster ;
in ; works there, 90// ; newly
built in 1269 and divine service
performed for the first time, 91.
See Westminster abbey
Saint Philebert, Hugh de ; 151
Saint Quintin, William de ; taxor of
8th in Lancashire, 199
Saintes (Xanctona) ; {Henry there) 66,
67>f
Saintonge in France ; 66
Salford ; (assessed to 30th) 50 ; (tal-
lage) 109, 124 ; (in Domesday-
b<x)k) 131, 132. See Samford
Salford Hundred or Wapentake (Sal-
fordshire) ; (30th assessed) 50 ;
(Domesdav quoted) 131 ; (estreats
of knights fees) 242
300
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Salisbury, Richard bishop of; (receiver
of 15th) 14, 15, 16, 17, 18; (wit-
ness) 47; (R.)78
Salisbury, William bishop of ; 78. See
also Sarum, Saresbir'
Salisbury, bishop of ; 34M
Salisbury; (city) 45» ; (15th, receipt
from the See) 16 ^
Salop (Shrewsbury) ; (writ dated there)
69/} ; (20th, receipt) 105 ; (fine for
tdlage) 250
Salop, county ; sheriff, 62/1, 121 ;
(20th, receipt) 104; (scutage
allowed) 116; 161, 164; (6th)
184 ; (lOth, receipt) 185 ; (i2ih &
8th, rec*) 195 ; (perambulation of
forest) 234 ; (30th & 20th, rec*)
258
Salop and Stafford, counties; (15th,
receipt) 16 ; (tallage to be as-
sessed) 61 ; (sheritf) 1 16, 121 ;
(captain appointed to act aj^ainst
the Welsh) 161, 164; (6th to be
levied) 184 ; (meeting-place for
perambulations to be Lichfield)
23i«
Saltmarsh (Salso marisco)^ William
de ; coll' in co. Worcester, 95, 96
Salvag', Rob. fil. Rob. ; 37
Salvag', Robertus ; 122, 125
Samford ( ? Salford) ; (tallage) 107
Samuel of Norwich (a Jew) ; 113
Samuel son of Lion (a Jew of York) ;
"3
Sandale, John de ; assessor of tallage,
249
Saniiford's (Fran.) Genealogical His-
tory ^ &c. cjuoted ; 35//
Sandon, Berks; (carucage) 14 1
Sandwich ; 74 ; Edward landed there
in 1274, 220/1, 223
Saresbir' (Salisbury), Walter de ; ac-
compt of 15th in Berkshire, 15
Savage. See Salvag'
Savoy, London; (printed) 128/1
Savoy {Sabaudia), Peter of; (scutage
allowed) 117
Sarum, bishop of; (Robert, witness)
47 ; (20th, receipt) 105;^
Sarum, Roger precentor of ; after-
wards bishop of Bath, and first
bishop of Bath and Wells ; lyn
Say, (ialfridus de ; 27
Scarborough ; (20ih, receipt) 105
Scaccario, Henr. de ; (acconipt for
carucape) 139, 140
Scacc. Norm., Rot. (Stapleton) ; 145//
Schine (whether Sline ?) ; tallage. 123
Scone ; Bruce crowned there, 254;/
Scoil.inil ; archbishops, bishops, earls,
^:c.,83
Scotland, Alexander king of; 77, 78,
80, 127
Scotland ; 149, 190, 198, 202, 218,
220, 220M, 221, 223, 228, 231,
232'», 233. 237, 248, 260, 264,
265, 266, 267
Scotland, chamberlain of ; 256/7
Scotland in 1 298, &c cited ; 221/s
Scotland^ Statistical Account of ;
quoted, 129, 14311
Scots ; 217, 220, 223, 227, 228, 233,
265
Scutage defined ; 115, 116
Scutage and Marshai*s Rolls ; 116,
ii6if
Scutages ; Ric. I. First, Second, &c.
128, I28« ; John, First, 122,
123 ; Seventh, 122 ; Eleventh, or
Scutage of Poitou, 120, 121, 122,
123, 124, 125 ; Henry III.,
First, 120, 123, 124, 125 ; Biham,
124, 125; Gascony, 55, 56, 71,
116; Montgomery, 126; Ed-
ward I. Wales — of 5th year,
1 19, 160 ; of loth year, 1 18, 163 ;
Army against the Scots in 28th,
31st & 34th vears, 262, 263
Scutage granted for . knight ini; the
king's {Henry) eldest son ; 85
Scutage of knights of the Honour of
Lancaster; 120, 122, 123, 124,
125, 126
Seal, Great ; at London when Ed-ward
died (7 July 1307), 267 ; he had
taken it with him to Flanders in
1297, 211
Sebrichteworthe, Alexander de ; re-
ceiver of carucage in 1220, 134
Sedgrave (Segrave), Stephen de ; 69*.
See Segrave
Seebohm's English Village Com-
munity quoted ; 129
Sefton ; (half fee) 126, 242
Segrave, John de ; (of the earls' party
in 1297) 203; (at Falkirk in 1298)
221
Segrave, Nicholas de ; at Falkirk in
1298, 221
Segrave (Sedgrave), Stephen de ; 69*,
146, 147
Selby (Seleby) monastery ; (John late
abbot) 150
Selby, W. D. (ed.) ; Genealogist (N. S.)
quoted ; 142;^
Selden Society ; I44«
Select Charters (ed. Stubbs) ; 13/f, 67/1
Sentence of Anathema in Westminster
hall (13 May 1253); 86
Sesfelde ; (carucage) 142
Seventh. Sec Eleventh and Seventh
Shafie.-bury ; {Hcmy there) 23
GENERAL INDEX
301
Shelburne, earl of (afterwards marquess
of I^ns'lowne) ; 56
Sherborne, Dorset ; [Henry there) 23
Sheriffs aid ; 145^
Shevington (Shevinton) ; (part of fee)
244
Shirbum (Syrebume), in co. Oxford ;
(canicage) 139
Shireburne ; (writ dated there) 48
Shirleye, Ralph de ; colK of aid in
Derbyshire, 24 1«
Shottesbroke, Henry de ; coll' in cos.
Oxon & Berks, 159
Shottesbrook. See Sotebroch*
Shrewsbury, or Salop. See Salop
Shrivenham ; hidage of manor, 145
Shropshire. See Salop, county
Shuttleworth (Shutlesvrthe), John de ;
246
Sibilla filia Remigii ; 154
Silverley (Silverlc) in co. Cambridge ;
(assessed to 30th) 51
Silverstone ; {Henry there) 80
Simplingham ; 41
Singleton (Singelton) ; (tallage) 107,
108, III, 124
Singelton, Alan de ; (tallage) 124
Singelton ; John son of Richard de ;
III
Sixth. See Tenth and Sixth
Skerton (Scherton) ; (tallage) 107.
109, III, 123
Slyne (Sline, Slina) ; (tallage) 107,
108, III ; (Schine) 123
Smyth, John ; of Nibley (Glouc.), 127
Snelleshale, prior of ; grant of a yearly
fair, 33
Snowdon ; 162 ; (Snaudone) 168
Solins, John de ; 160
Somerby. See Sumerdby
Somerset; (15th, receipt) 16; {John
there) 35 ; (20th, rec*) 104 ;
(scutage allowed) 116 ; (carucage,
rec*) I40W ; (muster for those who
owed service) 164; (6th to be
levied) 183 ; (pei ambulation of
forest) 234 ; (tallage yearly) 252*1
Somerset Herald ; (Glover) 28*1
Somersetshire see ; \^n
Somerset, sheriff; 62»
Somerset and Dorset, sheriff ; 88
Somery. See Sumery
Sotebroc, Hugh de ; assessor of caru-
cage, 134
Sotebroch', Berks ; (carucage) 135
Soterl, Roger de ; coll»" in SuHblk,
194
Soulac in Gascony ; 66
Southampton county ; (15th, receipt)
16 ; (20lh, rcc*) 104 ; (carucage,
rec') 1 40/1 ; (6th to be levied)
183 ; (1 2th & 8th, receipt) 195 ;
(perambulation of forest) 234 ;
(tallage, rec*) 250
Southampton county, sheriff; 145, 173
Southampton town ; 20th, receipt, 105
South wick (Suthwyke) ; (Zr<f»ry there)
88, 92
Stafford, William de ; respite of
knighthood, 27
Staffordshire ; (20th, receipt) 104 ;
(scutage allowed) 116; (loth &
6th, rec*) 185 ; (perambulation of
forest) 234. 6V^ Salop and Stafford
Staffordshire, sheriff; 62», 116, 121
Stafford and Salop, counties; (15th,
receipt) 16 ; (tallage to be as-
sessed) 61 ; (scutage allowed) 1 16 ;
(captain appointed to act against
the Welsh) 161, 164 ; (6th to be
levied) 184 ; (meeting -place for
perambulations to be Lichfield)
23i«; (sheriff) 116, 121
Stafford town ; fine for tallage, 250
Stainall (Stanhulle, Steinhola) ; (tal-
lage) 107, 108
Steynhol, John de ; (tallage) ill
Staines (Stanes) ; 3
Stainesby (Stauenebi, Steinebi); 37, 122
Staininge (Steyninge) ; (half fee) 245
Stamford (Staunford, Stanford) ; 33M ;
(20th, receipt) 105 ; (tallage of
Jews) 113; I74», 175; (writs
tested there) 263
Staunforde, Thomas ' de ; to assess
tallage in Lancashire, &c., 84 ;
(accompt) 154
Stanford, Kent ; 54
Stanforde, William de ; assessor of
canicage, 140
Stanlawe, abbot of; 125, 190, 217
Stanley, A. P. ; Historical Memoirs of
Westminster Abbey aXcAy iJSn
Stanton, co. Hunt. ; (carucage) 138
Stapleton's Observations ; 145«
State- Trials cited ; 224
Statistical Account of Scotland quoted ;
129, I43»
Statutes ; Articuli super Cartas ^ 229 ;
Confirmatio Cartarum^ 207 ; De
Jinibus levatis^ 226 ; of Jewry,
I57«» lyS'*; of Marlborough, 90;
of Merton, 87 ; of Tewkesbury,
87 ; of Westminster the First, 1 57
Statute df Tallat^io non concedendo ;
114 ; 217-224
Statutes of the Realm quoted ; 78, 90«,
I57«. I73«» 207«, 211, 2I2W,
224», 225*1, 22^» 229*1, 230*1
Staughton (Stantone here, and also in
Domesday), co. Huntingdon; (caru-
cage) 138
302
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Staunford. See Stamford
Stebbing (cd.) ; 35«
Stephen [de Langton] archbishop of
Canterbury ; 2/1, 12, 25
Stephen earl of Mortain and Bou-
logne ; 37, 38
Stevens, John ; An Historical Account
of alt Taxes cited ; 39/1
Steyninge. See Staining
Stirling (Estrivelyn) ; {Edward iYitit)
119, 23(5
Stiuecle Comitis David ; carucage of
1224 in CO. Huntingdon, 138
Stiuenach', John de ; prior of VVymond-
ham; accompt of clerical subsidy,
152
Stocton, Hugh de ; 57, 58, 59
Stocton, Simon de ; bailiflf of Cam-
bridge ; (tallage) 250
Stodlehurst, Adam de ; 207
Stoke, Oxfordshire ; (carucage of 1220)
139
Stokke Comitis W. de Maundevile ;
(carucage of 1220) 137. Whether
Stoke Mandeville, Bucks?
Stokeport, Robt. de ; (^£'20 in land) 28
Stothard's Monumental Effigies of
Great Britain cited ; 2/1
Stow quoted by Loftie ; 265 n
Strada Guala Bicchieri (in Vercelli) ;
2n
Strange, or Lestrange. See Extraneus
Stratford, Essex ; {Henry there) 8s«
Stretford (Salfordsbire) ; (assessed to
30th) 50
Strood (Strode), Kent ; (tallage) 252
Stubb"*, William ; Select Charters
cited, I3«, 67 « ; Constitutional
History of En^^land cited, 192// ;
Roger dc Hoi*edcn cited, 42W, 43«,
70« ; Walter of Coventry quoted,
2«, 21/1, 25, 128/f. See the next
Stubbs, Dr. Wm. (sometime bishop of
Chester, and now bishop of
Oxford) ; 67 ; on the credibility
of Matthew Paris's history, I28«
Stukeley. See Siiuecle
Sturmy. See Esturmi
Sui»sidy, Clerical. See Clerical
Subsidy in Wales ; 232, 232^
Sudbury, Suffolk ; 174", 175
Suffolk; (I5ih, receipt) 15, 16, 2^9;
94 ; (20th, recM 104 ; (scutage
allowed) 116, 117; 126//; (caru-
cage, rec') 140// ; (6ih to be levied)
183 ; (I2th & 8'h, recM 194, 195 ;
(no royal f«)resi) 232; (aid to
marr>' king's dau. ) 248; (30th
& 20th, receipt) 258, 262
Sutlolk. shcriflT; 33
Sumery, Roger de ; lands seized for
neglecting to take knighthood,
29, 30
Sumerdby Quatremars ; 147
Sumerdby Tateshal ; 147
Sundridge (Sunderesse), Kent ; 54
Suoreswurtha ; (tallage) 109
Surrey; (15th, receipt) 15, 16, 239;
(20ih, rec*) 104 ; (scutage allow<^)
117; (carucage) I38», 140, 140*;
(6th to be levied) 183 ; (12th &
8th, receipt) 194 ; (perambulation
of forest) 234 ; (aid to marry king*s
dau.) 248 ; (tallage to be assesisni)
249; (30th & 20th, receipt) 262
Surrey ; John de Warenne earl of ; (at
Westm*") 240 ; (deceased 27 Sept.
1304) 153 .
Surrey ; Manning & Bray's History ef
Surrey quoted ; I38«
Survey, Great (of 1086) ; 130, 142
Sussex ; (15th. receipt) 16 ; 18 ; (20th,
rec*) 104 ; (scutage allowed) 117 ;
(6th to be levied) ; 183 ; (12th &
8th, receipt) 195 ; (no royal forest)
232 ; (aid to marry king's daughter)
248 ; (tallage to be as^^essed) 249 ;
(30th & 20th, receipt) 262
Sussex, sheriff; 22, 133
Suthwike, Suthwyke. See Southwick
Sutton, Kent ; {Henry there) 20, 85*
Sutton, Lane. ; a knight's fee, 242
Sutton, Oliver de ; bisbop of Lincoln ;
200
Sutton, Saer de ; 154
Swallowfield (Swalofelde), in co. Berks ;
(carucage) 135
Swans ; Edward vows in presence of
two swans to avenge the murder
of Comyn, 264
Swereford, Alexander de ; archdeacon
of Salop, &c. ; \20n, 121, I2ln
Swineburne, John de ; sheriff & coll'
in Cumberland, 160
Swynnerton, Roger de ; coll' in Staf-
fordshire, 185
Syffrewast, Richard de ; assessor of
carucage, 134
Table of Receipts (Comf)arative) in
Lancashire, and in some other
counties; 180, 187, 191, 197, 216,
239, 248, 262
Tabula Curiales (Foss) ; 147
Talbot, John ; io«, \\n
Tallage ; 106 ; in 23 Hen. II. 108 ; in
3 Hen. III. £23 ; in 11 Hen. III.
107; in 13 Hen. III. 109; in 26
Hen. III. 61 ; in 36 Hen. III.
GENERAL INDEX
303
(1252) 84 ; in 45 Hen. III. no;
in 53 Hen, III. 109//; in i Edw. I.
156 ; in 32 Edw. I. 249-253
Tallage defined by Coke, 114, 115;
equivalent to tax, 115 ; in city of
York, 115 ; manors subject to tal-
lage yearly, 252/f
Tallage of the Jews ; in; accompt of
tallage assessed upon them in
Z^Hen. III., n3
Tallage from wards in the city of
London ; 250, 251, 253
Tallage ; Statute de tallagio nan con-
cedendoj referred to by Coke, 114;
noticed at length, 217-224
Tanner's Notitia Monastica quoted ;
iZon
Tatham, Isabel de ; 143
Tatham, Walter de ; 143
Tatham, William de ; accompt of 30th
& 20th in Lancashire, 261
Tatteshale, Danby ; 147
Tatteshale (Totteshale), Robert de ; 92
Tatteshale, Sumerdby 147
Taunton, Roger de ; (20th received
from bishop of Exeter) loi
Taxation of a Fifteenth, showing the
kind and value of goods, on which
the levv was made ; 53
Taxes in reign of Hen. III. ; 70
Taxors and collectors in Lancashire ;
12, 40, 49, 84, loi, 158, 168, 177,
182, 188, J90, 193, 199, 213. 236,
241, 256
Tebaldo, John de ; collated to the
church of Lambeth, 79/1
Templars ; obtained confirmation of
charters, 36; exempted from 30ih,
41 ; their house in London, 59 ;
fined for loth, 185, 186, i86if ;
for nth, 1 89/1 ; for 30th, 260,
261
Temple, New (London) ; {Henry
there) 21 ; (money deposited
there) 17, 25, 40, 42, 5^. 9^, I03,
132, 133, 134, 140; (treasurer,
one of the receivers of the 20th)
98, 100 ; Wm. Mareschal earl of
Pembroke buried in the church in
1219, 80
Temple, Master of the ; 83 ; (Guy de
Ftjresta) i86«
Tendring Hundred, Essex ; assessed
to 30th, 51
Tenth of ecclesiastical revenues granted
by the pope to Henry ; 94^
Tenth by the clergy ; 84, 85 ; i89«
Tenth granted to the king by the
clergy of the province of Canter-
bury, 217
Tenth and Sixth granted in 1294 (22
Edw. I.) ; taxors in Lancashire,
182 ; Receipt-roll, 185 ; Com-
parative Table of Receipts, 187
Terra Sancta (or Holy Land) ; 25.
See also Holy Land, and Palestine
Testa de Nemll quoted ; 6i«, I33«,
I37i liQ'** *40» '41 J ("s manifest
defects from ignorance or careless-
ness of transcribers, and illegibility
of the originals) 142^; 146, 147
I Tetlow (Tettelagh) ; (part of fee) 243
Tetielawe, Adam de ; 243
Tetworth (Tetteworthe), co. Hunting-
don ; (carucage) 138
Teveray, Hugh ; coll' in Derbyshire ;
238
** Teutonicorum," Hospital ; 83
Tewkesbury ; Annals quoted, 2«, 33,
35''. 76"
Tewkesbury, Robert abbot- elect ; 2n .
Tewkesbury, Statute of ; 87
Thatcham (Berks) ; (weekly market
on Sunday changed to Thursday)
20«
Theins ( Theyns) ; (theinage) 107, 108,
no
Thirteenth granted to king John ; 36
Thirtieth granted (1236-7) 21 Hen.
III. ; 44 ; taxors in Lancashire,
49 ; total amount received in
England, 49 ; total in Lancashire,
50 ; extract showing assessment
of townships in Salford hundred,
50 ; ditto in Cheveley hundred, co.
Cambridge, 51 ; ditto in Tendring
hundred, co. Essex, 51 ; assess-
ment on persons (named) in Tin-
grith township, Manshead hun-
dred, CO. Bedford, 52
Thirtieth granted (1282-3) n Edw, I.
in aid of expedition to Wales,
166 ; taxors in Lancashire, 168 ;
accompt of receipts and expenses
from 10 to 13 Edw. I., 169
Thirtieth by the clergy, 167
Thirtieth and Twentieth granted in
1306 (34 Edw. I.) ; as an aid for
knighting the king's eldest son,
and also tor defraying charges of
expedition against Robert Bruce,
253 ; taxors in Lancashire, and
form of taxation, 2^6 ; extract
from receipt-roll, 258; accompt
of receipt in Lincolnshire, 259 ;
and in Lancashire, 261 ; Com-
parative Table of Receipts in this
and some other counties, 262
Thomas, Master ; the king's carpenter,
176, 176;/
304
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Thorentone in Lonsdale ; 143 ; John,
rector there, 143
Thomley (Thornedcleghe) ; (part of
fee) 246
Thorrington (Turriton), Essex ; (as-
sessed to 30th) 52
Thurbeke, Elena de ; 242
Thurgarton, prior of ; coll' in co. Not-
tingham, 161
Thurkelby, Roger de ; 154
Thweng. See Twenge
Tihetot. See Tybetot
Tieys. See Tyes
Tilshead. See Tydolshide
Tingrith (Tingrye), co. Bedford ; as-
sessment of persons to 30ih, 52
Tingwell ; (tallage) 109
Torel, William ; sculptor of Henry's
effigy in Westminster abbey, 175,
I76«
Toroud (misprinted Torond), Adam ;
a5wessed to 30th ; John, ditto ;
Richard, ditto ; 52
Torp ; (tallage) 108
Torpel ; writ dated there, 1 74
Toseland (Touleslund) hundred and
township, CO. Huntingdon ; (caru-
cage of 1224) 138, 138W
Totteshale. See Tatieshale
Tottington, Salford ; (assessed to 30th)
50
Toulouse ; Raymond count of ; 73
Tovey*s Angliajuiiaica cited ; I76«
Tower of London ; 58, 170, 198
Townley (Thunlcye) ; (part of fee) 246
Townships. See Comparative Table
Trapolis (? for Tripoli) ; Edward landed
there on his way to the Holy
Land ; 151
Trartbrd, Henry de ; colk in I^nra-
shirc of 15th, 236 ; accompt, 238;
(part of fee) 242
Trent (river); 166, 180, 187, 191, 197,
216, 232, 2;,9, 262
Trentham, prior of ; 61
Trinity (Holy) priory, I^ondon ; 97
Trivet, Nicholas; 217, 223//, 227,
263, 263//, 264// ; Annalcs Nich,
Trivcti Q\\.tti\\ 203//, 218//, 223//,
227«, 264//, 265 «
Trublcville, Ilemin^efonle ; (carucage
of 1224) 138
Trublcville, Henry de ; 145
Tunstead (Tunsledc) hundred, Nor-
folk ; accompt of aid to marry
kinjj's daughter, 248
Turrilon (Thorrington), Essex ; (as-
sessed lo 30th) 52
Tiirlon (Thnrlon) ; (part of fee) 242
Tinl)uiy, prior c)f ; 61
Twelfth and Eighth, granted in 1296
(25 Edward I.), 191 ; form of
taxation, 192 ; taxors assigned io
Lancashire, 193 ; extracts from
receipt-roll, 194, 195 ; accompt
for Lancashire, 195 ; Comparative
Table of Receipts in this and
some other counties, 197
Twenge (or Thweng), Marmaduke de ;
245
Twentieth in aid of the Holy Land in
1269 (53 Hen, III.)> 7i> S4 ; mode
of levying, 93 ; accompt of the
money received throughout Eng-
land, 100 ; collectors in, and
receipt from Lancashire, loi ;
full accompt in counties, cities
and towns, 104, 105 ; general
summary of receipts and pay-
ments, 105
Twentieth. See Thirtieth and Twen-
tieth
Twentieth by the clergy, 168
Twiston (Twysilton) ; (part of fee) 246
Twysihon, John de ; 246
Tybetot, John de ; 98
Tibet ot, Robert de ; 162, 164
Tydolshide, Henry de ; coll' in Wilt-
shire, 194
Tyes (Tieys) Henry le, or de ; of the
earls' party in 1297, 203 ; at Fal-
kirk in 1298, 221
Tynle, Alexsinder de ; (carucage) 135
Tyre, archbishop of ; 82
Tyrrell's (James) History of Englcutd
quoted ; 25, 63, 94W
Valence, Aymer de ; 119, 120; (at
Westm') 200 ; 265
Valence, William de ; (uncle of Ed-
ward) 118, 240
Valenc', W. ; bishop-elect, a witness,
47
Vallibus, Oliver de ; (witness) 47
Valoynes, Ditton ; 51
Valoynes, Thomas de ; coll'^ in Bucks,
92, lOI
Valoines, William de ; sherifTand coll'
in Kent, 159 ; Adam, his clerk ; 159
Vasconia ((Inscony); 57, 1 50, 186,
189, 190, 195, 196. See Was-
conia
Vatican Transcripts cited ; 79», 80M, 99
Vaudey ( Valle /V/), abbot of ; 36
Vaux. See Vallibus
Vauxhall ; derivation of name, 138'/
Uiiimore (Odymerc), Sussex ; (^t/-
ioard\\\stx%i) 201, 226
GENERAL INDEX
305
Vercelli ; 79« ; S. Andrea, 2if, ^n ;
S. Eusebio, 8o« ; Necrology cited,
80M ; Strada Gaala Bicchieri, 2«
Verdon, Nicholas de ; (scutage) 123
Vescy, William de ; (witness) 47 ;
(justice in e^e) 235
Vigein. See Wigan
Viterbo ; 94«, 99
Ullesby, Cumberland. See the next
Ulnesby (Ulvesby), Patric de ; sheriff
* of Lancashire, 29, 29^
Ulneswalton ; 29/f
Umfranville, Gilbert de ; (witness) 47
Underditch (Winderdiche) hundred,
Wiltshire ; io8«
Upper House of Parliament ; 4
Urchenfeud hundred, co. Hereford ;
(20th, receipt) 104
Urmston (Urmestone) ; (assessed to
30th) 50 ; (part of fee) 243
Urmestone, Adam de ; 243
Vuuerton (Overton) ; tallage, 123
W
Wadley, Rev. T. P. ; 92^, 95«
Wahull, John de ; paid scutage, 121
Walbrook (Walebroke) ward, London;
tallage, 253
Walda, Will'mus de ; 140
Walden, Essex ; 221, 22in
Walenses Banastr* ; fined for tallage,
109,110. 5-f^ Westercis
Wales ; (Cheshire reckoned with) 15^;
(Herefordshire in) 14011 ; ecclesias-
tical revenues granted to Henry
by pope, 94^ ; custom granted to
E(huard, 157 ; scutage of the
army in 5 Edw. L, 119, 160, 161,
162, 163 ; scutage of the army in
10 Edw. L, 118, 119, 163, 165;
accompt of receipts and expenses
in the expedition against L1ewel3m
and David his brother (i 281-2 to
1284), 169 ; 202 ; 232 ; subsidy
granted in aid of the Scottish war,
232, 23211
Wales, North ; David son of Llewelyn
late prince, 57 ; money given for
Scottish war, 232
Wales, West ; captain appointed there,
164
Wales, David brother of Llewelyn
prince ; leader of an assault on
Hawarden castle, 163^ ; expedi-
tion in 1282 against Llewelyn and
him, 166, 168, 169
Wales, Edward prince of; his knight-
hood, 263, 264 ; expedition into
Scotland, 265 ; at Carlisle at the
time of his father's {Edward I.)
death, 268. See Edward son of
Edward
Wales, Llewelyn prince of ; his neglect
of homage to Edward^ 160 ; his
conditions refused, and war con-
sequent thereupon in 1277, 161 ;
leader of assault on Hawarden
castle, 163/f ; final expedition in
1282 against him and David His
brother, 166 ; his defeat, 168 ;
accompt of the war expenses, 169
Walintune (Warrington) hundred ; 131
Wallingford ; {Henry there) 20, 31,
32, 81, 82 ; (Jews resident there)
I74»
Wallingford (Warengefordc), Honour
of; carucage receipt-roll of 1220 ;
138, 139. 140
Walpol, Ralph de ; bishop of Nor-
wich, 200
Walsewytiir ; (part of fee) 244
Walsingham ; {Henry \.\itTt) 62, 64
Walsingham, Little ; a market and
fair granted, 81
Walsingiiam, prior and convent ; 81
Walsingham quoted ; 167, 20311, 2I7>
227
Walterus, Dominus ; assessed in Tin-
griih to 30th, 52
Walter of Coventry quoted ; 2», 2111,
25, I28»
Walter de Gray archbishop of York ;
66, 69, 79, 80
Walter de Saresbir' ; accompt of 1 5th
granted in 1225, 15
Waited, Bonr* (or Baruncinus) ; ac-
compt of 15th granted in 1275,
Waltham ; {Henry there) 21, 85/f
Walton (Waleton) ; (tallage) 109
Walton, Warin de ; (his heirs) 244
Waletone in le Dale ; (a knight's fee)
245
Wancy (Wanci), William de ; assessor
of carucage in 1220, 137, 140
Wantage (Wanetinge) ; (hidage and
carucage) 146
Wardrobe accounts of Edw. L quotetl ;
150-152
Ware, John la ; knighted with the
prince of Wales in 1306, 264
Warengeforde. See Wallingford
Warenne, earl of ; 46, 54
Warenne, John de ; earl of Surrey ; (at
Westm') 240 ; (deceased 27 Sept.
1304) 153
Warenne, John de ; knighted with the
prince of Wales in 1306, 264
Waresley (Weresle), co. Huntingdon ;
(carucage) 13S
X
3o6
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Warrington (Werenton, Werington) ;
126; 131 ; 164; (two fees) 242. See
Walintune
War ton in Amounderaess ; (part of
fee) 244
Warwick, earl of; (Thomas) 118;
William de Beauchamp (captain
against the Welsh in Cheshire and
I^cashire) 161 ; (at Westm') 200;
(his death) 222
Warwickshire; (15th, receipt) 16;
(20th, receipt) 104 ; (scutage al-
lowed) 116, 118; (carucage, re-
ceipt) 14011 ; 145 ; (6th to be
levied) 183; (nth, rec^) 189;
(perambulation of forest) 234 ;
(30th & 20th, receipt) 258
Warwickshire, sheriff ; 62>f , 1 16, 1 18
Warwick town ; (tallage of Jews) 114;
I74»
Warwick and Leicester, counties ;
sheriff, 116, 118
Wasconia (Gascony) ; Henry , on his
return, landed at Portsmouth
25 Sept. 1243, 76/f. See Vas-
conia, and Gascony
Wats's edition of Afatt. Paris quoted ;
63, 89«
Waveriey ; Annals quoted ; 2«, 25,
35», 36«, 64», 79», 129
W'avertree ; (tallage) 109
Wauton, John de ; (assize of arms in
1230) 68*f
Webb, Philip Carteret ; solicitor to
the Treasury, and M.P. for Hasle-
mere ; 56, \6n
Weeks or Wix ( Wykes Ballat), Essex ;
(assessed to 30th) 52
Weeley (Wyleghe), Essex ; assessed to
30th) 52
Weeion. See Whiteton and Wytheton
Welsh men ; 500 to be sent to Henry ^
67
Welsh Whittle. See Walsewytill'
Wendover, Roger of ; his history
adopted and enlarged by Matthew
Paris ; i8«, 128, I28«
Wercwell ; {Henry there) 45«
Werington. Sec Warrington
Wescy (Vescy), Wm. de. See Vescy
West Derby hundred ; (Derbyshire)
50; 7o«, 131, 234, 241
West Derby township ; (tallage) 107,
109 ; 124 ; (20th) 261
Westereis ( Westrenses Warini Banastre,
Walenses Banastr') ; 109, no
Westhalton (West Houghton), Sal-
ford ; (part of fee) 243
Westminster ; John there, 35 ; Henry
there, 8, 9, 19, 20, 21, 23, 31, 32,
45W, 65, 66, 76, 81, 82, 83, 85W ;
^i/wan/ there (born in 1239), 2S«,
201 », 226, 231, 255»
Westminster ; writs, &c. dated there ; ^n^
10, 12, 14, 15, 19, 22, 24, 25, 26,
27. 33. 34, 39, 40, 47, 49, S^.
69/f, 76, 78, 95, 99, no, ni,
n6, 136, 155, 173, I74», i89i».
192, 211, 212, 213, 220», 263
Westminster abbey, or Saint Peter's
church ; body of Wm. Mai^scbal
brought from Reading in 12^9,
80; Henry crowned (2nd time)
in 1220, 2n ; newly built in 1269,
91 ; relics of Edward the Con-
fessor then moved to a new shrine,
90 ; extract from accompt of works
done, 90M ; Henry buried before
the high altar in 1272, 148 ; and
fealty sworn to his son, 155 ;
Edward crowned in 1274, 157,
160 ; money paid in 1290 for glass
windows, 175 ; also for Henrys
effigy, 175 ; and for his tomb,
176; Stanley's Historical Memo-
rials cited, 175W
Westminster, abbot ; weekly market
granted, 33 ; associated with prior,
84 ; Richard, treasurer and cham-
berlain, 169
Westminster ; councils or parliaments
holden there ; in 1222, aid for the
Holy Land, 24; 1224-5, Oreat
Charter of 9 Hen, III. given,
and a 15th granted, 9, 11, 12;
1236-7, a 30th, 44, 45, 48, 48« :
1244, war declared against Scot-
land, 76, 77 ; 1250, Henry vows
devotion to the Cross, 82 ; 1252,
repeats the vow, 83 ; 1254, de-
mands aid against the king of
Castile, 27 ; 1269, a 20th, 71, 91 ;
1275, ^ '5^» '57 '> 1276, concern-
ing Llewelyn, 161 ; 1290, a 15th
for banishment of Jews from Eng-
land, 171 ; also aid to marry
king's eldest daughter, 240, 247 ;
1294, a loth, 180, 181 ; 1295, an
nth & 7th, 188; 1297, concern-
ing expedition to Flanders, 200,
226 ; fealty then sworn to the
king's son, 200 ; 1 299, parlia-
ment summoned, 226; 1299-1300,
Statute Articuli super Cartas
passed, 229; 1306, a 30th & 20th
granted, 254
Westminster exchequer ; chamber of
sitting to be wainscot ted, 74 ;
scutages due from the king's
{John) tenants to be there, I2i ;
inquisitions concerning canicage
of 1220 to be had before barons.
GENERAL INDEX
307
136; money of 15th to be sent,
18, 61 ; sheriffs to have the king's
dues there, 156 ; chirographers' (of
Jewry) chests to be sent, 173, 174;
barons to be informed concerning
the Jews' houses and rents, 174 ;
the two earls with many bannerets
protest (in 1297) against the levy
of the 8th, and prise of wools, 203
Westminster hall ; Sentence of ana-
thema pronounced (13 May, 1253)
against violators of the Great
Charier, 86 ; Edward's peace
proclaimed after his father's
death, 148
Westminster, Matthew of ; Flores
Historiarum cited, l63«, I73»,
176/*, 264, 264^
Westminster palace ; king's chamber
to be wainscotted, 74 ; a great
council in which the prelates,
earls, barons, &c. swore fealty to
the king's son, 200 ; banquet at
Pentecost 1 306 after the prince of
Wales was knighted, 263 ; the
king's vow before two swans, 264 ;
king's tenants taxed to 20th, 262/1.
See Westminster ; councils, &c.
Westminster the First, Statute of; 157
Westmoreland ; (15th in 1225) 15, 16;
(40th in 1232) 40 ; (30th granted)
^n ; (tallage to be assessed) 84 ;
(20th, receipt) 104; (15th in 1275)
M9; 164; 166; 168; (15th in 1290)
180; (loth & 6th) 182, 183, i84«,
187; (nth & 7th, receipt) 189, 190,
191 ; (1 2th & 8th, receipt) 195,
197 ; 199 ; (ninth, receipt) 216 ;
(15th in 1 301) 234, 238, 239 ; 249;
(30th & 20th, receipt) 262 ; (forces
to be levied) 266
Westmoreland, sheriff ; 48, 159, 164
Westrenses Warini Banastre ; (tallage)
124. See Westereis.
Westun manor, co. Derby ; a weekly
market granted, 34
Wetherby ; {Edward there) 227
Weyngeham, Henry de ; chancellor,
29
Whalley (Walleye), abbot of ; 215, 245,
246
Whatele, or Watele ; Adam, Alice,
William de ; assessed to 30th, 52
Wheatley (Wetteleye), in Blackburn ;
(part of fee) 246
Wherwell, co. Southampton. See
Werewell
Whitchurch ; 161
Whiteton (now Weeton) in Amounder-
ness ; (half a knight's fee) 244.
See Wythelon
Whitfelde, William de ; (in Gloucester)
25 1«
Whittingham (Wytingham) ; 244
Whittington (Wytington) ; (parts of
fee) 245
Wigan (Wygayn, Vigein, Wygan) ;
(7th) 190; (8th) 196 ; (20th) 261
Wigmore, abbot of ; 61
Wilbraham. See Wylburgham
Wilkins ; his Concilia Magna Britan-
nia quoted ; 93«, 95/*
William the Conqueror ; I72«
William of Lancaster. See Lancaster
William bishop of Bath and Wells ; 78
William bp. of London ; 79, 80
William bp. of Salisbury ; 78
Will, marescall'; 37
William son of Benedict ; 134
William son of Ralph ; 108, io8/<
Willoughby (Wilueby, Wilughby),
Philip de ; keeper of wardrobe,
151 ; chancellor of exchequer,
235 ; (Wilugby) acojmpt for
arrearages of the 30th, 169, 170
Wilton (Wylton) manor, Norfolk ; a
weekly market granted, 34 ^
Wilton ; {Henry there) 23
Wilton (Wiltun); (tallage of Jews)
114; I74«, 175
Wilton abbey, Wilts ; assessment of
tenants to a 15th, 53
Wiltshire; io«, ii«; (15th, receipt)
16 ; {John there) 35 ; (assessrpent
to 15th in detail) 53 ; (20th, rec')
104; 107; no; (carucage, rec')
I38«, 140W; (6th to be levied)
183 ; (I2th & 8th, rec») 194. 195 ;
(perambulation of forest) 234
Wiltshire, sheriff; 61, 81
Winchelsea ; {Henry there) 20 ; 73 ;
{Edward there) 201, 203, 204,
204«, 205 #f, 206. See Cog Edward
Winchelsea (Winchelese), Robert de ;
archbishop of Canterbury ; (at
Westm' ) 200 ; 218, 220, 226
Winchester; (money sent) 14, 15, 16,
17, 61, 62 ; {/ohn there) 35, 36 ;
{Henry bom there in 1207) 35 ;
{Henry there) 21, 23, 44, 45/1,
65, 66, 71, 76, 92, 95, 96, 98, 1 16,
117 ; (military summons) 62 ; 74« ;
98«, (20th, receipt) 105 ; (tallage
of Jews) n4 ; 17411, I75 J (tallage
of citizens) 250; {EdwardXhttc) 265
Winchester ; Annals quoted ; 35, 76«,
129
Winchester, bishop of; 34, 78, io5«,
(at Westm') 240 ; (Aymer) 78 ;
(R.) 78 ; (Nicholas) 94/1 ; (Peter,
witness to Great Charter) 12 ;
3I», 47, 123, 124
3o8
LANCASHIRE LAY SUBSIDIES
Winchester ; castle, 14 ; prior of S.
Swithin, 60; sec, 16, 58
Windsor (Windlesorum), 3 ; {Henry
there) 20, 31, 32, 45/f, 65, 66, 76,
81, 82, 85^
Windsor ; royal chapel, 74 ; parlia-
ment there, 78 ; constable, 103 ;
carucage of 1220 collected in
bailiwick, 134. 135, 144
Windsor ; writs, &c. dated there ; 27,
54, 59» 60, 62, 81, 112
Wingham (Weyngehaoa). Henry de ;
chancellor, 29
Winwick (Winewic), Margaret dau.
& heir of William de ; 124
Wiresdale forest ; 235
Wither {not Wicher), Walter de ; 81
Withington (Whytinton), Salford ; (a
knight's fee) 242
Withull, Robert de ; 244
Witton (Wytton) ; (part of fee) 246
Wix, or Weeks ( Wykes Ballat), Essex ;
(assessed to 30th) 52
Wolvesey, near Winchester ; {Edward
there) 254/f
Wonnig* ; partner with another serf in
a team of oxen, 143
Woodbridge (Wudebridge), prior of;
a weekly market granted, 33
Woodstock ; {John there) 2I« ; {Henry
there) 23, 31, 32, 80. 81, 82
Worcester ; Annals quoted, 33, 35«,
79«
Worcester, bishop of; 2« ; (Walter
elect, a witness) 47 ; (Godfrey
Ciiflfard) 92, 93, 95; (20th, receipt)
I05«
Worcester ; citizens, 103 ; (20th, re-
ceipt) 97, 104, 105 ; prior and
convent, 60 ; see, 16
Worcester ; John^s body interred in
cathedral there, i, 2, 2«, 121 ;
Henry ihtrc, 2n\ tallage of Jews,
114; muster there, 161, 164; 174//
Worcestershire; (15th, receipt) 16;
(lands seized forneglecting to take
knightho(xl) 29 ; (tallage to be
assesse<l) 61 ; 92// ; (collectors of
20th) 95, 96 ; (20th, receipt) 104 ;
(carucage, rec') 140// ; (captain
appointed against the Welsh) 164;
(6th to be levied) 184 ; (nth, rec*)
189; (I2th & 8th, receipt) 195;
(perambulation of forest) 234;
(30th I'v: 20th, receipt) 258
Worcestershire, sheriff; 5, 62«, 68«
Wpcnorr', Walter de ; (carucage) 135
Wrabness (Wrabenase), Essex ; (as-
sessed to 30th) 51
Wray (Wra) ; (tallage) 107, III
H rc.^t Path MS. : 221 ft
Wrightington (Writington) ; (part of
fee) 243
Writington, William de ; 243
Wrotham, Kent ; 54
Wurdeshsde. Se€ Ordsall
Wyke, Peter de ; (assize of arms in
Worcestershire) 69^
Wyke, Ralph de ; escheator in cos.
Cambridge & Huntingdon ; 1551
Wykes, Thomas; his Chronicon quoted,
91, 9in, 92, 96, 104, I57», i62«
Wylburgham, Walter de ; (20th paid)
101
Wymundeham, prior of ; 109M, 152
Wymundeham, William de ; clerk for
collection of 6th in city of London,
•83
Wymundhouses, William de ; 247
Wyne, Robert le ; coll' in co. Here-
ford, 185
Wyresdale forest ; 235
Wytheton ; (probably Weeton in
Amoundemess) 196
Wyville, John de ; accompt for tallage
assessed on the Jews, 113
Yarmouth, Norfolk ; (20th, receipt)
105
Year-book of Edw. H. quoted ; 204i«
Yealand (Yeland) ; (part of fee) 245
Yeox-il (Yevele), Somerset ; 154
York ; (money of 40th) 40 ; (20th,
receipt) 103, 105 ; (tallage of
Jews) 113; (assizes there) 151;
(general assembly) 166, 167 ;
(Jews resident) I74«, 175 ; (par-
liament there) 221, 223, 230;
(tallage, assessment and receipt)
249//, 250, 253
York, Aaron of; 76, 1 13
York ; abbot of S. Mary ; 60
York, archbishop of ; 14 ; (guardian of
the realm during king's absence in
Gascony) 57, 66, 67, 68, 69*, 75 ;
54^^ ; 77; (Waherde Gray) 66, 69,
79, 80 ; 85 ; (20th, receipt) 105,
105/7 ; 148^, 156, 208 ; (guardian
of England with another during
king's absence in ScoUand) 265
York ; archbishop-elect of; Henry de
Newerke, 200
York ; {Henry there) 80 ; {£dward
there) 221, 255W
^'^)rk, dean of the cathedral church of
S. Peter ; Robert de Pykerynge,
"5
York ; the mayor, bailiffs and citizens,
i'5« ; general assembly there,
116; jews dwell there, 174^, 175 ;
GENERAL INDEX
309
parliament, 221, 222, 225 ; muster,
223 ; three knights to be elected
and sent from every county, 230 ;
receipt of tallage, 249, 253
York; province, 167, 217; see, 16
Yorkshire; (iSth, receipt) 16; (40th)
40; (20th) 93«, 96, 103, 104;
(assessors of tallage) 106 ; (scutage
allowed) 116, 117, 118; 126/f ;
(carucage, receipt) 140M ; (extract
trom Domesday-book) 142 ; (pleas
of assizes) 154; (sum due) 156;
(North ol Trent) 166 ; (30th) 168;
(15th, receipt) 180; (6th to be
levied) 182, 183; (loth & 6th,
receipt) 187; (iilh & 7th, rec*)
191 ; (1 2th & 8lh, rec*) 197 ;
(taxors of 8th appointed) 199 ;
(ninth, rec') 216 ; (perambulation
of forests) 234 ; (forest rolls) 235 ;
(15th, receipt) 238, 239; (aid \o
marry kings dau.) 248; 252/1;
(30th & 20th, rec*) 262, 262«;
Yorkshire, North, East and West
Ridings : — Tables of Receipts ;
180, 187, 191, 197, 239, 248, 262.
North Riding only ; 216. See the
last for details of taxation
Yorkshire, N. R. ; I32« ; 12th & 8th,
receipt, 195
Yorkshire, sheriff; 10, 26, 40, 62#f,
90, 117, 118, 146, 173.217
ZOUCHE ; Alan la ; (of the earls* party
in 1297), 203 ; (at Falkirk in 1298)
221
Zuche, Roger la ; (witness) 47
END OF VOLUME I.
WVMAN AND SONS, LIMITED, GKBAT QUEBN STREET, LONDON, W.C.
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